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  • 1
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The performance of the Siemens CCD detectors with 1K and 2K chips is evaluated using radiation from bending magnet beamlines at SSRL and NSLS and from a rotating anode source with three types of optics. Structure solution quality data are obtainable in short times for macromolecular (up to 300 A(ring) cell) and small molecule crystallography. General experiments, such as time-resolved powder diffraction and overlayer diffraction are also possible. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: New applications of the x-ray standing wave method are described, in which not only Bragg reflections from the substrate, but also from a heteroepitaxial layer and from a superlattice satellite are utilized. The investigated samples are an InP/InGaAsP structure on InP(001) and a short-period AlAs/GaAs superlattice on GaAs(001). For efficient detection of the photoelectron yield without vacuum requirements, the sample was placed inside a gas cell, and the induced photocurrent was monitored. In addition to the electron yield, which probes only a thin surface layer, the depth-integrating x-ray fluorescence was analyzed. The results give new insights into the structure of heteroepitaxial systems and their buried interfaces, as well as information about electron escape depths and spatial coherence of x-ray wavefields. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 64 (1993), S. 2523-2530 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A method is described to determine quantitatively the infrared-optical properties of loose powder beds via directional-hemispherical transmission and reflection measurements. Instead of the integration of the powders into a potassium bromide (KBr) or a paraffin oil matrix, which would drastically alter the scattering behavior, the powders are placed onto supporting layers of polyethylene (PE) and KBr. A commercial spectrometer is supplemented by an external optics, which enables measurements on horizontally arranged samples. For data evaluation we use a solution of the equation of radiative transfer in the 3-flux approximation under boundary conditions adapted to the PE or KBr/powder system. A comparison with Kubelka–Munk's theory and Schuster's 2-flux approximation is performed, which shows that 3-flux approximation yields results closest to the exact solution. Equations are developed, which correct transmission and reflection of the samples for the influence of the supporting layer and calculate the specific extinction and the albedo of the powder and thus enables us to separate scattering and absorption part of the extinction spectrum. Measurements on TiO2 powder are presented, which show the influence of preparation techniques and data evaluation with different methods to obtain the albedo. The specific extinction of various TiO2 powders is presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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