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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence of repulsive interactions between NO, O, and N on Ir(110). A fast x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study (2000)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 113 (2000), S. 10717-10722 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The adsorption of NO on Ir(110) was studied in the temperature range from 200 to 500 K with fast x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) using synchrotron radiation. Only three surface species were observed: molecular NO, atomic O, and atomic N. NO dissociation starts at temperatures higher than 300 K and molecular NO can coadsorb with Oads in the whole temperature region studied. By collecting O 1s and N 1s spectra within a few seconds we obtained information on the interaction between Nads, Oads, and NOads with increasing coadsorbate coverage. The Nads–Oads interaction has been found to be strongly repulsive. As a consequence, the Nads is destabilized already at moderate coverages and temperatures above 350 K leading to the removal of Nads from the surface in the form of N2 desorption. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1323727
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ueber die Bildung der Pyrimidone (1897)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 30 (1897), S. 1564-1565 
    Details
    ISSN: 0365-9496
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.18970300274
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ueber die Einwirkung von Chlorfumarsäureester auf Amidoxime (1898)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 31 (1898), S. 2110-2112 
    Details
    ISSN: 0365-9496
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.189803102154
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  • 4
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    Application unit for the administration of contrast gases for pulmonary magnetic resonance imaging: optimization of ventilation distribution for 3He-MRI (2014)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-12
    Description: Purpose MRI of lung airspaces using gases with MR-active nuclei ( 3 He, 129 Xe, and 19 F) is an important area of research in pulmonary imaging. The volume-controlled administration of gas mixtures is important for obtaining quantitative information from MR images. State-of-the-art gas administration using plastic bags (PBs) does not allow for a precise determination of both the volume and timing of a 3 He bolus. Methods A novel application unit (AU) was built according to the requirements of the German medical devices law. Integrated spirometers enable the monitoring of the inhaled gas flow. The device is particularly suited for hyperpolarized (HP) gases (e.g., storage and administration with minimal HP losses). The setup was tested in a clinical trial (n = 10 healthy volunteers) according to the German medicinal products law using static and dynamic ventilation HP- 3 He MRI. Results The required specifications for the AU were successfully realized . Compared to PB-administration, better reproducibility of gas intrapulmonary distribution was observed when using the AU for both static and dynamic ventilation imaging. Conclusion The new AU meets the special requirements for HP gases, which are storage and administration with minimal losses. Our data suggest that gas AU-administration is superior to manual modes for determining the key parameters of dynamic ventilation measurements. Magn Reson Med, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
    Print ISSN: 0740-3194
    Electronic ISSN: 1522-2594
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 5
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    Thin filament simulations for Earth's plasma sheet: Interchange oscillations (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-02-25
    Description: This paper presents a quantitative theory of “interchange oscillations,” which occur as an earthward-moving low-entropy plasma bubble slows and eventually comes to rest. Our theoretical picture is based on an idealized situation where an ideal-MHD magnetic filament moves without friction through a stationary background that represents the plasma sheet. If the relevant region of the background plasma sheet is interchange stable, then the filament usually executes a damped oscillation about an equilibrium position, where its entropy parameter matches the local background. The oscillations are typically dramatic only if the equatorial plasma beta is greater than about one. We derive an approximate analytic formula for the oscillation period, which is not simply related to slow- or intermediate-wave travel times. For an oscillation that Panov and collaborators carefully studied using THEMIS data, our simple theory, though based on an unrealistic 2D background magnetic field, predicted an oscillation period that agrees with the observations within about 40%. The simulations suggest that the ionospheric oscillation should lag behind the magnetospheric one by between 40 and 90 degrees. Ionospheric conductance affects the damping rate, which maximizes for an auroral zone conductance ∼2 S. Adding a friction force acting between the filament and the background increases the decay rate of the oscillation.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 6
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    Thin filament simulations for Earth's plasma sheet: Tests of validity of the quasi-static convection approximation (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-02-25
    Description: The main goal of this paper is to estimate the errors involved in applying a quasi-static convection model such as the Rice Convection Model (RCM) or its equilibrium version (RCM-E), which neglect inertial currents, to treat the injection of fresh particles into the inner magnetosphere in a substorm expansion phase. The approach is based on the idea that the dipolarization process involves earthward motion of a bubble that consists of flux tubes that have lower values of the entropy parameter than the surrounding medium. Our tests center on comparing MHD simulations with RCM- and RCM-E-like quasi-static approximations, for cases where the bubble is considered to be a thin ideal-MHD filament. Those quasi-static solutions miss the interchange oscillations that are often a feature of the MHD results. RCM and, to a lesser extent, RCM-E calculations tend to overestimate the westward electric field at the ionospheric footprint of the bubble and underestimate its duration. However, both get the time integral of the E × B drift velocity right as well as the net energization of the particles in the filament. The quasi-static approximation is most accurate if its computed value of the braking time of the bubble's earthward motion is long compared to the period of the relevant interchange oscillation. Comparison of MHD filament simulations of interchange instability with corresponding RCM calculations suggests a similar validity criterion. For plasma sheet conditions, the quasi-static approximation is typically best if the background medium has low β, worst if it consists of highly stretched field lines.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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