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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Irreversible light-enhanced degradation in amorphous silicon solar cells at elevated temperatures (1996)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 68 (1996), S. 28-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: An irreversible light-enhanced degradation has been observed in amorphous silicon solar cells exposed to intense illumination (50 suns) at elevated temperature ((approximately-greater-than)130 °C). Unlike the light-induced degradation observed at lower temperatures, the light-enhanced degradation observed at elevated temperatures is not reversed by annealing and it not suppressed by a strong reverse bias. An analysis of the time decay of the short-wavelength spectral response at various temperatures indicates that the degradation mechanism is associated with the diffusion of hydrogen at elevated temperatures both in the dark and under intense illumination. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.116745
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence for proton motion in the recovery of light-induced degradation in amorphous silicon solar cells (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 83 (1998), S. 1726-1729 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The light-induced degradation of amorphous silicon solar cells can be reversed by the application of a strong electric field in the dark, and the rate of reversal increases with field strength, temperature, and light intensity. The activation energy for annealing the degradation in the dark is reduced from about 1.34 eV under open circuit conditions to 1.16 eV by applying a strong reverse bias. When the degraded cells are exposed to intense illumination in addition to a strong reverse bias, the activation energy for the recovery of the performance decreases to about 0.77 eV. Both the light-induced degradation and the reversal of the degradation can be explained by a model based on proton motion within a metastable defect complex. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.366902
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrogen ion motion in amorphous silicon solar cells at elevated temperatures (1996)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 69 (1996), S. 1447-1449 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Electric field-enhanced degradation has been observed in amorphous silicon solar cells exposed to intense illumination (45–60 suns) at elevated temperatures ((approximately-greater-than)160 °C). The front tin oxide contacts of both p–i–n and n–i–p cells darken significantly when a strong reverse bias is applied at elevated temperatures and under intense illumination. Compositional profiles of the cells show that a strong reverse bias causes a depletion of hydrogen near the contacts. These results are interpreted in terms of proton motion near the p/i interface of p–i–n cells and negative hydrogen ion motion near the i/n interface. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.117610
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The reversal of light-induced degradation in amorphous silicon solar cells by an electric field (1997)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 70 (1997), S. 2168-2170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A strong electric field has been shown to reverse the light-induced degradation of amorphous silicon solar cells while exposed to intense illumination at moderate temperatures. The rate of reversal increases with temperature, illumination intensity, and with the strength of the reverse bias field. The reversal process exhibits an activation energy on the order of 0.9 eV and can be increased by the trapping of either electrons or holes in the presence of a strong electric field. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.118947
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  • 5
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    Estrogen-provided cardiac protection following burn trauma is mediated through a reduction in mitochondria-derived DAMPs (2014)
    The American Physiological Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-03-16
    Description: Mitochondria-derived danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) play important roles in sterile inflammation after acute injuries. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that 17β-estradiol protects the heart via suppressing myocardial mitochondrial DAMPs after burn injury using an animal model. Sprague-Dawley rats were given a third-degree scald burn comprising 40% total body surface area (TBSA). 17β-Estradiol, 0.5 mg/kg, or control vehicle was administered subcutaneously 15 min following burn. The heart was harvested 24 h postburn. Estradiol showed significant inhibition on the productivity of H 2 O 2 and oxidation of lipid molecules in the mitochondria. Estradiol increased mitochondrial antioxidant defense via enhancing the activities and expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Estradiol also protected mitochondrial respiratory function and structural integrity. In parallel, estradiol remarkably decreased burn-induced release of mitochondrial cytochrome c and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) into cytoplasm. Further, estradiol inhibited myocardial apoptosis, shown by its suppression on DNA laddering and downregulation of caspase 1 and caspase 3. Estradiol's anti-inflammatory effect was demonstrated by reduction in systemic and cardiac cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6), decrease in NF-B activation, and attenuation of the expression of inflammasome component ASC in the heart of burned rats. Estradiol-provided cardiac protection was shown by reduction in myocardial injury marker troponin-I, amendment of heart morphology, and improvement of cardiac contractility after burn injury. Together, these data suggest that postburn administration of 17β-estradiol protects the heart via an effective control over the generation of mitochondrial DAMPs (mtROS, cytochrome c , and mtDNA) that incite cardiac apoptosis and inflammation.
    Print ISSN: 0363-6135
    Electronic ISSN: 1522-1539
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by The American Physiological Society (APS)
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  • 6
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    Flow time through esophagogastric junction derived during high-resolution impedance-manometry studies: a novel parameter for assessing esophageal bolus transit (2014)
    The American Physiological Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-07-16
    Description: This study aimed to develop and validate a method to measure bolus flow time (BFT) through the esophagogastric junction (EGJ) using a high-resolution impedance-manometry (HRIM) sleeve. Ten healthy subjects were studied with concurrent HRIM and videofluoroscopy; another 15 controls were studied with HRIM alone. HRIM studies were performed using a 4.2-mm-outer diameter assembly with 36 pressure sensors at 1-cm intervals and 18 impedance segments at 2-cm intervals (Given Imaging, Los Angeles, CA). HRIM and fluoroscopic data from four barium swallows, two in the supine and two in the upright position, were analyzed to create a customized MATLAB program to calculate BFT using a HRIM sleeve comprising three sensors positioned at the crural diaphragm. Bolus transit through the EGJ measured during blinded review of fluoroscopy was almost identical to BFT calculated with the HRIM sleeve, with the nadir impedance deflection point used as the signature of bolus presence. Good correlation existed between videofluoroscopy for measurement of upper sphincter relaxation to beginning of flow [ R = 0.97, P 〈 0.001 (supine) and R = 0.77, P 〈 0.01 (upright)] and time to end of flow [ R = 0.95, P 〈 0.001 (supine) and R = 0.82, P 〈 0.01 (upright)]. The medians and interquartile ranges (IQR) of flow time though the EGJ in 15 healthy subjects calculated using the virtual sleeve were 3.5 s (IQR 2.3–3.9 s) in the supine position and 3.2 s (IQR 2.3–3.6 s) in the upright position. BFT is a new metric that provides important information about bolus transit through the EGJ. An assessment of BFT will determine when the EGJ is open and will also provide a useful method to accurately assess trans-EGJ pressure gradients during flow.
    Print ISSN: 0193-1857
    Electronic ISSN: 1522-1547
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by The American Physiological Society (APS)
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  • 7
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    Longitudinal bunch shaping of picosecond high-charge MeV electron beams (2016)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-10-21
    Description: With ever increasing demands for intensities in modern accelerators, the understanding of space-charge effects becomes crucial. Herein are presented measurements of optically shaped picosecond-long electron beams in a superconducting L-band linac over a wide range of charges, from 0.2 nC to 3.4 nC. At low charges, the shape of the electron beam is preserved, while at higher charge densities, modulations on the beam convert to energy modulations. Energy profile measurements using a spectrometer and time profile measurements using a streak camera reveal the dynamics of longitudinal space-charge on MeV-scale electron beams.
    Print ISSN: 1070-664X
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7674
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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