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  • Springer  (5)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Design of a single-axis platform for balloon-borne remote sensing (1986)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 57 (1986), S. 2512-2518 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We describe the design of two telescope pointing systems for remote optical sensing of the stratosphere from a balloon-borne gondola. The telescope pointing accuracy is ±0.02° in elevation, from a gondola which has static and dynamic tilts up to ±3°. Each system consists of a telescope, an elevation control subsystem, and a pitch-stabilized single-axis reference platform. The Mark I unit has performed successfully on each of its two balloon flights, for a total of over 16 h in the stratosphere; the Mark II unit is currently under construction. The single-axis platform is referenced to a rate-integrating gyroscope and an inclinometer for high- and low-frequency pitch-angle variations, respectively. The Mark I platform is supported by ball bearings, driven by a brush-contact torque motor, and is subject to a small, permanent pitch angle error which depends directly on the gyro drift rate. The Mark II platform uses flex-pivot supports, a brushless motor, and for even a relatively large gyro drift rate, is designed to asymptotically approach zero angular offset error.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1139101
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Performance of a single-axis platform for balloon-borne remote sensing (1986)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 57 (1986), S. 2519-2522 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The balloon flight performance of the Mark I single-axis platform and telescope is presented. Three performance indicators are examined: inclinometer output, gyro output, and infrared detector signal. We find that the gondola itself experiences periodic angular disturbances with maximum amplitudes in the 0.1°–2.0° range, with peaks occurring at periods of about 1, 2, 7, 20, and 250 s. The 2- and 20-s oscillations are identified with simple and compound pendulum motions, while the 250-s oscillations are speculated to be caused by atmospheric waves. Maximum platform deviations from the horizontal are in the 0.002°–0.02° range, well within the 0.02° design goal, except in the 250-s regime where amplitudes are occasionally several times larger than the design goal because of horizontal atmospheric accelerations. We find that the system meets our basic goal of providing a stable pointing direction within an uncertainty which is much less than the 0.3° telescope beam diameter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1139102
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the use of O2 spin-rotation lines for elevation angle calibration of atmospheric thermal emission spectra (1991)
    Springer
    International journal of infrared and millimeter waves 12 (1991), S. 581-588 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9559
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The magnetic dipole-allowed spin-rotation lines of O2 potentially can be used for pointing calibration and confirmation of float altitude for far infrared spectra of the stratosphere obtained from balloon platforms. We demonstrate that current deficiencies in the spectroscopic database, particularly the air pressure-broadening coefficients, severely limit the capability of deriving useful pointing calibrations, and that precise pressure-broadening measurements for the transitions actually used in calibration are needed to improve this capability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01010377
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intercomparison of stratospheric water vapor profiles obtained during the Balloon Intercomparison Campaign (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of atmospheric chemistry 10 (1990), S. 159-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0662
    Keywords: Stratospheric water vapor profiles ; Balloon Intercomparison Campaign ; Remote sensing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The Balloon Intercomparison Campaign (BIC) was set up to intercompare remote sensing measurements of a number of compounds other than water vapor; however, water vapor has strong absorption features throughout the infrared and mm wave regions of the spectrum. Therefore many of the investigators involved in BIC have absorption or emission features due to water vapor in the data they obtained during the balloon flights made under the campaign. These features have been used by the investigators to determine the stratospheric water vapor profiles which are compared in this paper. The profiles allow comparison of a wide range of remote sensing techniques involving both emission and absorption in the mid-infrared and emission techniques in the far infrared.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00054855
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ozone measurements from the Balloon Intercomparison Campaign (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of atmospheric chemistry 10 (1990), S. 181-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0662
    Keywords: Ozone ; intercomparison ; balloon ; stratosphere
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Measurements of the Balloon Intercomparison Campaign (BIC), conducted during fall, 1982 (BIC-1) and summer, 1983 (BIC-2), are reported. Results of five remote and two in situ techniques agree (with a few exceptions) within 95% confidence level uncertainties and generally within 15% above 20 km. Weighted mean profiles, which best represent conditions during the capaign, are used as a comparison standard. Accuracies of experiments indicated by BIC generally confirm estimated uncertainites for ECC sondes, UV photometry, and microwave emission experiments, are somewhat better for far IR emission and IR absorption experiments, and are somewhat worse for IR emission and solar UV absorption experiments. The large collection of BIC measurements confirms a problem reported earlier with current theoretical modeling of ozone near 40 km where transport is negligible and the chemistry is believed to be simpler.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00054856
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intercomparison of measurements of stratospheric hydrogen fluoride (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of atmospheric chemistry 10 (1990), S. 219-236 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0662
    Keywords: Hydrogen fluoride ; HF ; stratosphere ; intercomparisons ; infrared
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Observations of the vertical profile of hydrogen fluoride (HF) vapor in the stratosphere and of the vertical column amounts of HF above certain altitudes were made using a variety of spectroscopic instruments in the 1982 and 1983 Balloon Intercomparison Campaigns. Both emission instruments working in the far infrared spectral region and absorption instruments using solar occultation in the 2.5μm region were employed. No systematic differences were seen in results from the two spectral regions. A mean profile from 20–45 km is presented, with uncertainties ranging from 20% to 50%. Total columns measured from ground and from 12 km are consistent with the profile if the mixing ratio for HF is small in the tropophere and low stratosphere.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00054857
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Balloon Intercomparison Campaigns: Results of remote sensing measurements of HCl (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of atmospheric chemistry 10 (1990), S. 237-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0662
    Keywords: stratospheric composition ; HCl ; remote sensing ; atmospheric spectroscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract All of the techniques used to measure stratospheric HCl during the two BIC campaigns involved high resolution infrared spectroscopy. The balloon-borne instruments included five different spectrometers, three operating in the solar absorption mode and two in emission (at distinctly different wavelengths). Ground-based and aircraft correlative measurements were made close to the balloon locations, again by near-infrared spectroscopy. Within this set of results, comparisons between different techniques (absorption vs emission) viewing the same airmass (i.e., on the same gondola) were possible, as were comparisons between the same technique used on different gondolas spaced closely in time and location. The final results yield a mean profile of concentration of HC1 between 18 and 40 km altitude; an envelope of ±15% centered on this profile encompasses all of the results within one standard deviation of their individual mean values. The absolute accuracy of the final profile is estimated to be no worse than 10%. It is concluded also that the measurement techniques for HCl have reached a level of performance where a precision of 10% to 15% can be confidently expected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00054858
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