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  • 1
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    Microbiota-Dependent Metabolite Trimethylamine N-Oxide and Coronary Artery Calcium in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study (CARDIA) [Epidemiology] (2016)
    American Heart Association (AHA)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-10-26
    Description: Background Clinical studies implicate trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO; a gut microbiota-dependent nutrient metabolite) in cardiovascular disease risk. There is a lack of population-based data on the role of TMAO in advancing early atherosclerotic disease. We tested the prospective associations between TMAO and coronary artery calcium (CAC) and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT). Methods and Results Data were from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study (CARDIA), a biracial cohort of US adults recruited in 1985–1986 (n=5115). We randomly sampled 817 participants (aged 33–55 years) who attended examinations in 2000–2001, 2005–2006, and 2010–2011, at which CAC was measured by computed tomography and cIMT (2005–2006) by ultrasound. TMAO was quantified using liquid chromotography mass spectrometry on plasma collected in 2000–2001. Outcomes were incident CAC, defined as Agatston units=0 in 2000–2001 and 〉0 over 10-year follow-up, CAC progression (any increase over 10-year follow-up), and continuous cIMT. Over the study period, 25% (n=184) of those free of CAC in 2000–2001 (n=746) developed detectable CAC. In 2000–2001, median (interquartile range) TMAO was 2.6 (1.8–4.2) μmol/L. In multivariable-adjusted models, TMAO was not associated with 10-year CAC incidence (rate ratio=1.03; 95% CI: 0.71–1.52) or CAC progression (0.97; 0.68–1.38) in Poisson regression, or cIMT (beta coefficient: –0.009; –0.03 to 0.01) in linear regression, comparing the fourth to the first quartiles of TMAO. Conclusions In this population-based study, TMAO was not associated with measures of atherosclerosis: CAC incidence, CAC progression, or cIMT. These data indicate that TMAO may not contribute significantly to advancing early atherosclerotic disease risk among healthy early-middle-aged adults.
    Keywords: Biomarkers, Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Computerized Tomography (CT), Atherosclerosis
    Electronic ISSN: 2047-9980
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by American Heart Association (AHA)
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  • 2
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    Twenty-Two-Year Population Trends in Sodium and Potassium Consumption: The Minnesota Heart Survey [Epidemiology] (2013)
    American Heart Association (AHA)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-10-26
    Description: Background Limiting dietary sodium consumption is a core lifestyle recommendation for the prevention of hypertension. There is increasing evidence that low potassium consumption also increases hypertension risk. We estimated sex-specific 22-year trends in sodium and potassium consumption. Methods and Results We used data from the Minnesota Heart Survey, which performs surveillance of risk factors for cardiovascular disease in the Minneapolis–St. Paul metropolitan area. The Minnesota Heart Survey is a random population-based sample of free-living adults aged 25 to 74. Surveys were conducted in 1985–1987 (n=2273), 1990–1992 (n=2487), 1995–1997 (n=1842), 2000–2002 (n=2759), and 2007–2009 (n=1502). Dietary intake of sodium and potassium was estimated from one 24-hour dietary recall. Over 22 years, age-adjusted sodium and potassium intake among men remained relatively stable in 1985–1987 and 2007–2009 ( P trend =0.41 and 0.29, respectively); sodium ranged from 3820 mg/day (1995–1997) to 3968 mg/day (2007–2009) and potassium from 3111 mg/day (2000–2002) to 3249 mg/day (1995–1997). Sodium and potassium intake increased among women, from 2531 mg/day in 1985–1987 to 2854 mg/day in 2007–2009 ( P trend =0.001) for sodium and from 2285 to 2533 mg/day ( P trend 〈0.0001) for potassium. We observed stable or increasing sodium and potassium intake within some strata of age, education, and body mass index. Conclusions Despite long-standing public health recommendations to limit sodium intake to 〈2300 mg/day, high sodium intake levels have persisted over the past 22 years. Furthermore, although potassium consumption increased in some subgroups over the study period, mean consumption remained significantly lower than the recommended 4700 mg/day in all groups.
    Electronic ISSN: 2047-9980
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by American Heart Association (AHA)
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  • 3
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    Associations of Plasma Kynurenines With Risk of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Patients With Stable Angina Pectoris [Clinical and Population Studies] (2015)
    American Heart Association (AHA)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-01-22
    Description: Objective— Enhanced tryptophan degradation, induced by the proinflammatory cytokine interferon-, has been related to cardiovascular disease progression and insulin resistance. We assessed downstream tryptophan metabolites of the kynurenine pathway as predictors of acute myocardial infarction in patients with suspected stable angina pectoris. Furthermore, we evaluated potential effect modifications according to diagnoses of pre-diabetes mellitus or diabetes mellitus. Approach and Results— Blood samples were obtained from 4122 patients (median age, 62 years; 72% men) who underwent elective coronary angiography. During median follow-up of 56 months, 8.3% had acute myocardial infarction. Comparing the highest quartile to the lowest, for the total cohort, multivariable adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) were 1.68 (1.21–2.34), 1.81 (1.33–2.48), 1.68 (1.21–2.32), and 1.48 (1.10–1.99) for kynurenic acid, hydroxykynurenine, anthranilic acid, and hydroxyanthranilic acid, respectively. The kynurenines correlated with phenotypes of the metabolic syndrome, and risk associations were generally stronger in subgroups classified with pre-diabetes mellitus or diabetes mellitus at inclusion ( P int ≤0.05). Evaluated in the total population, hydroxykynurenine and anthranilic acid provided statistically significant net reclassification improvements (0.21 [0.08–0.35] and 0.21 [0.07–0.35], respectively). Conclusions— In patients with suspected stable angina pectoris, elevated levels of plasma kynurenines predicted increased risk of acute myocardial infarction, and risk estimates were generally stronger in subgroups with evidence of impaired glucose homeostasis. Future studies should aim to clarify roles of the kynurenine pathway in atherosclerosis and glucose metabolism.
    Keywords: Risk Factors, Acute myocardial infarction, Chronic ischemic heart disease, Epidemiology
    Print ISSN: 1079-5642
    Electronic ISSN: 1524-4636
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by American Heart Association (AHA)
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  • 4
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    Unknown
    Microbiota-Dependent Metabolite Trimethylamine N-Oxide and Coronary Artery Calcium in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study (CARDIA) [Epidemiology] (2016)
    American Heart Association (AHA)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-11-05
    Description: BackgroundClinical studies implicate trimethylamine N‐oxide (TMAO; a gut microbiota‐dependent nutrient metabolite) in cardiovascular disease risk. There is a lack of population‐based data on the role of TMAO in advancing early atherosclerotic disease. We tested the prospective associations between TMAO and coronary artery calcium (CAC) and carotid intima‐media thickness (cIMT).Methods and ResultsData were from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study (CARDIA), a biracial cohort of US adults recruited in 1985–1986 (n=5115). We randomly sampled 817 participants (aged 33–55 years) who attended examinations in 2000–2001, 2005–2006, and 2010–2011, at which CAC was measured by computed tomography and cIMT (2005–2006) by ultrasound. TMAO was quantified using liquid chromotography mass spectrometry on plasma collected in 2000–2001. Outcomes were incident CAC, defined as Agatston units=0 in 2000–2001 and 〉0 over 10‐year follow‐up, CAC progression (any increase over 10‐year follow‐up), and continuous cIMT. Over the study period, 25% (n=184) of those free of CAC in 2000–2001 (n=746) developed detectable CAC. In 2000–2001, median (interquartile range) TMAO was 2.6 (1.8–4.2) μmol/L. In multivariable‐adjusted models, TMAO was not associated with 10‐year CAC incidence (rate ratio=1.03; 95% CI: 0.71–1.52) or CAC progression (0.97; 0.68–1.38) in Poisson regression, or cIMT (beta coefficient: −0.009; −0.03 to 0.01) in linear regression, comparing the fourth to the first quartiles of TMAO.ConclusionsIn this population‐based study, TMAO was not associated with measures of atherosclerosis: CAC incidence, CAC progression, or cIMT. These data indicate that TMAO may not contribute significantly to advancing early atherosclerotic disease risk among healthy early‐middle‐aged adults.
    Keywords: Biomarkers, Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Computerized Tomography (CT), Atherosclerosis
    Electronic ISSN: 2047-9980
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by American Heart Association (AHA)
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
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