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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 26 (1970), S. 562-563 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Culturing amphibian embryonic cells on different supports suggests the important role played by the contact between support and cellular membrane in spreading and morphological differentiation of these cells. They spread on glass but do not spread when glass is covered by acrylamide gels (3%, 7% and 9%), by acrylamide-carboxymethylcellulose, or acrylamide-hydroxyethylcellulose gels, or by agarose gel (1,5%). Nevertheless, cells spread and differentiate on mixed acrylamide (7% or 9%) agarose (0.80%) gels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 32 (1976), S. 47-48 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Attention has previously been drawn to a specific effect of NHCP on embryonicPleurodeles cell differentiation. With a modified NHCP labelling technique, autoradiography has revealed a cytoplasmic concentration of labelled NHCP and has not revealed any difference between homospecific and heterospecific NHCP penetration.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Somaclonal variation ; Mitochondrial DNA ; Protein synthesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary One fertile and two male-sterile diploid plants were regenerated from the same callus after two cycles of protoplast culture from fertile Nicotiana sylvestris. Genetic studies indicated that the male-sterile trait was under cytoplasmic control. Progenies of each regenerated plant possessed different mitochondrial (mt) DNA restriction patterns. Both cms protoclone types were characterized by specific mtDNA deletions. In addition, a 40 kD mitochondrially encoded polypeptide is lacking in the cms plants.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 12 (1990), S. 673-684 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Kinetic and transport theory ; Classical, semiclassical, quantum theories of liquid structure ; Neutron determination of structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto La dispersione di fluttuazioni di densità (modi di suono estesi) è stata misurata in miscugli di metalli alcalini liquidi con corrispondenti sali fusi di alogenuri alcalini. Miscele con concentrazioni saline da 10 a 40% sono state studiate per impulsi trasferitiQ da 4 a 14 nm−`. Per valori diQ piú grandi di 11 nm−1 i modi collettivi potrebbero anche nel caso piú favorevole non essere piú separati dal picco quasi elastico, l'ampiezza del quale aumenta di circaQ 2 in questa regione di impulsi trasferiti. Ad una concentrazione al 10% di RbCl in Rb si trova una dispersione che corrisponderebbe ad R liquido espanso alla temperature della miscela (∼1000 K), che dimostra il carattere dominante di metallo della miscela (schermatura mediante elettroni quasi liberi) e questa concentrazione salina. Ad alte concentrazioni saline, alle quali interagiscono influenze da differenti fattori dinamici parziali di struttura le dispersioni si discostano da questa semplice curva di dispersione strutturata, molto probabilmente a causa dell'influenza di una iniziale comparsa di qualche tipo di schermatura ionica nel liquido.
    Abstract: Резюме В смесях жидких щелочных металлов и соответствующих расплавленных щелочно-галоидных солей измерена дисперсия коллективных флуктуации плотности (протяженные звуковые моды). Были исследованы смеси с концентрациями солей от 10 до 40% при передаваемых импульсахQ между 4 и 14 нм−1. Для величинQ, большечем 11 нм−1, коллективные моды даже в наиболее благоприятном случае не выделяются из квазиупругого пика, ширина которого увеличивается приблизительно как ∼Q 2 в этой области передаваемых импульсов. При концентрациях 10% RbCl в Rb мы получчили дисперсию, которая соответствует жидкому Rb при температуре смеси (∼1000 K), что, демонстрирует доминирующих металлический характер смеси (экранирование обусловлено почти свободными электронами) при этой концентрации соли. При более высоких концентрациях соли, где существенно влияет взаимодействие различных парциальных динамических структурных факторов, дисперсии отличаются от простой структурной дисперсионной кривой, по-видимому, вследствие раннего возникновения ионного типа экранирования в жидкости.
    Notes: Summary The dispersion of collective density fluctuations (extended sound modes) has been measured in mixtures of liquid alkali metals and the corresponding molten alkali-halide salts. Mixtures with salt concentrations from 10 to 40% were investigated for momentum transfersQ between 4 and 14 nm−1. ForQ-values larger than 11 nm−1 the collective modes could even in the most favourable case no longer be separated from the quasi-elastic peak, the width of which increases roughly ∼Q 2 in this region of momentum transfers. At a concentration of 10% RbCl in Rb we find a dispersion which would correspond to expanded liquid Rb at the temperature of the mixture (∼1000 K), demonstrating the dominant metallic character of the mixture (screening by nearly free electrons) at this salt concentration. At higher concentrations of salt, where influences from different partial dynamic structure factors interplay, the dispersions deviate from this simple structured dispersion curve, most likely due to the influence of an early onset of some ionic type of screening in the liquid.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Autoimmunity ; immunotherapy ; suppressor cells ; insulitis ; vitamin D analogues
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3, the active form of vitamin D, has immunomodulatory properties in vitro and in vivo. We report that treatment with 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 (5 μg/kg on alternate days) prevents the development of clinical diabetes in NOD mice, an animal model of human autoimmune diabetes. Diabetes incidence in female NOD mice at the age of 200 days was reduced to 8% in the 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D treated group vs 56% in the control group (p〈0.0001). In parallel, treatment with 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 resulted in a complete normalisation of the capacity to induce suppressor mechanisms in an autologous MLR, which is severely depressed in control NOD mice. The existence of such suppressor cells was confirmed in transfer experiments, whereby cotransfer of splenocytes from 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 treated NOD mice prevented diabetes transfer by splenocytes from diabetic NOD mice into irradiated, 6–8-week-old male NOD mice. Other known immune defects of the NOD mice, such as defective natural killer cell killing of YAC-1 targets and defective thymocyte activation by anti-CD3 were not corrected. The pharmacological doses of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 were universally well tolerated as reflected by a normal weight gain of the mice. Serum calcium was increased (2.5±0.2 vs 2.2±0.2 mmol/l in the control group, P〈0.005), whereas osteocalcin levels nearly doubled and bone calcium content was halved. These findings show that 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 can prevent diabetes in NOD mice, probably through the correction of their defective suppressor function.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Key words Autoimmunity, immunotherapy, suppressor cells, insulitis, vitamin D analogues
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3, the active form of vitamin D, has immunomodulatory properties in vitro and in vivo. We report that treatment with 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 (5 µg/kg on alternate days) prevents the development of clinical diabetes in NOD mice, an animal model of human autoimmune diabetes. Diabetes incidence in female NOD mice at the age of 200 days was reduced to 8 % in the 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D treated group vs 56 % in the control group (p 〈0.0001). In parallel, treatment with 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 resulted in a complete normalisation of the capacity to induce suppressor mechanisms in an autologous MLR, which is severely depressed in control NOD mice. The existence of such suppressor cells was confirmed in transfer experiments, whereby cotransfer of splenocytes from 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 treated NOD mice prevented diabetes transfer by splenocytes from diabetic NOD mice into irradiated, 6–8-week-old male NOD mice. Other known immune defects of the NOD mice, such as defective natural killer cell killing of YAC-1 targets and defective thymocyte activation by anti-CD3 were not corrected. The pharmacological doses of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 were universally well tolerated as reflected by a normal weight gain of the mice. Serum calcium was increased (2.5±0.2 vs 2.2±0.2 mmol/l in the control group, p 〈0.005), whereas osteocalcin levels nearly doubled and bone calcium content was halved. These findings show that 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 can prevent diabetes in NOD mice, probably through the correction of their defective suppressor function. [Diabetologia (1994) 37: 552–558]
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Type I diabetes, apoptosis, NOD mice, thymus, OK432.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Aims/hypothesis. The streptococcal wall component, OK432, prevents diabetes in NOD mice and BB rats by elimination of effector cells. Based on the knowledge of a link between autoimmunity and resistance of immune cells to elimination by apoptosis, we investigated whether OK432 treatment restored the sensitivity of NOD lymphocytes to apoptotic signals centrally (thymus) or peripherally (spleen) or both and we examined the pathways for the enhanced apoptosis rate.¶Methods. We treated NOD mice with OK432 (0.1 mg/kg i. p. weekly from 21 to 70 days). Apoptosis was measured by TUNEL 16 h after cyclophosphamide (70 mg/kg) and 24 h after dexamethasone (0.2 mg/mouse). Real time quantitative RT-PCR was used to investigate changes in gene expression.¶Results. Thymocyte apoptosis levels after cyclophosphamide were restored by OK432 treatment to levels observed in C57BL/6 mice: in NOD males apoptosis increased from 8 ± 1 % to 18 ± 5 % (p 〈 0.05) compared with 20 ± 4 % in C57BL/6 males, and in NOD females from 6 ± 2 % to 11 ± 2 % (p 〈 0.05) compared with 12 ± 2 % in C57BL/6 females. The dexamethasone-induced thymocyte apoptosis rate was equally restored by OK432 treatment (58 ± 4 % vs 41 ± 3 % in control males (p 〈 0.0005) and 39 ± 5 % vs 26 ± 3 % in control females (p 〈 0.05)]. No change in apoptosis levels was on the contrary observed in splenocytes after OK432 treatment. By RT-PCR analysis of a panel of apoptosis-related genes in thymocytes we showed a down-regulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-xL and c-myc by OK432 treatment.¶Conclusions/interpretation. Our data suggest that OK432 prevents diabetes in NOD mice by better elimination of effector cells through increased sensitivity to apoptotic signals centrally in the thymus. [Diabetologia (2000) 43: 1302–1308]
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 65 (1983), S. 77-84 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Coffea ; Coffee-tree evolution ; Chloroplast DNA ; Mitochondrial DNA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Chloroplast and mitochondrial DNA from nine species or taxons of coffee-trees were compared as to their phylogenetic relationship by restriction endonuclease fragment analysis. Three types of chloroplast DNA (cp DNA) were detected indicating relationships as follows: (i) C. arabica, C. eugenioides; (ii) C. canephora, C. congensis, “nana” taxon; (iii) C. liberica. The mitochondrial DNA (mt DNA) separated into five types: (i) C. arabica, C. eugenioides, C. congensis; (ii) C. canephora, “nana” taxon; (iii) C. excelsa; (iv) C. liberica; (v) Paracoffea ebracteolata. The divergence in organelle DNAs agrees with the phylogenetic relationship deduced by conventional methods and is presented in some detail. Restriction patterns of the cp and mt DNAs isolated from a clone of C. arabusta have been compared to those of the parents and were found to be inherited from the mother. Cp and mt DNA analyses in the genus Coffea support the hypothesis that C. canephora diverged from C. congensis, whereafter the latter species differentiated into C. eugenioides and C. arabica
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 91 (1995), S. 505-509 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Chloroplast DNA ; Mitochondrial DNA ; rDNA ; RFLP ; Witloof chicory
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Restriction fragment length polymorphisms of cytoplasmic DNAs and nuclear rDNA were analyzed in several Cichorium intybus genotypes, comprising four white inbred lines, eight red witloof experimental lines, and a number of F1 hybrids derived from two white parents. Chloroplast and mitochondrial restriction patterns led to the distinction between two different cytoplasms, called I and II. Southern hybridization using a nuclear rDNA probe revealed that all the lines possessed two types of rDNA repeat units. The shortest unit was 10 kb and was common to all lines. The largest rDNA repeat unit was 10.5 kb in lines I and 10.4 kb in lines II. In addition, a sequence heterogeneity between the 10.5 and 10.4-kb rDNA repeat units was revealed by Sac I digestion. A 10-kb rDNA unit was successively cloned, mapped, and used as a probe to check the genetic purity of F1 hybrid seeds between line I and II white parents. We found a 30% average percentage of impurities, originating both from selfing and full-sib crossing, in different open-pollinated hybrid samples.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 69 (1985), S. 361-366 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Mitochondrial DNA ; Cytoplasmic male sterility ; Cybrids ; Brassica ; Mitochondrial plasmid-like DNA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The mitochondrial genomes of five rapeseed somatic hybrid plants, which combine in a first experimentBrassica napus chloroplasts and a cytoplasmic male sterility trait coming fromRaphanus sativus, and in a second experiment chloroplasts of a triazine resistantB. compestris and a cytoplasmic male sterility trait fromR. sativus, were analyzed by restriction endonucleases. Restriction fragment patterns indicate that these genomes differ from each other and from both parents. The presence of new bands in the somatic hybrid mitochondrial DNA restriction patterns is evidence of mitochondrial recombination in somatic hybrid cells. In both parental and somatic hybrid plants large quantitative variations in a mitochondrial plasmid-like DNA have been observed. Our results suggest that the cytoplasmic support for male sterility is located in the chromosomal mitochondrial DNA instead of the plasmid-like DNA.
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