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  • American Heart Association (AHA)  (13)
  • The American Physiological Society (APS)  (9)
  • Institute of Physics (IOP)  (6)
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  • 1
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    Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies 8 Novel Loci Associated With Blood Pressure Responses to Interventions in Han Chinese [Original Articles] (2013)
    American Heart Association (AHA)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-12-18
    Description: Background— Blood pressure (BP) responses to dietary sodium and potassium intervention and cold pressor test vary considerably among individuals. We aimed to identify novel genetic variants influencing individuals’ BP responses to dietary intervention and cold pressor test. Methods and Results— We conducted a genome-wide association study of BP responses in 1881 Han Chinese and de novo genotyped top findings in 698 Han Chinese. Diet-feeding study included a 7-day low-sodium (51.3 mmol/d), a 7-day high-sodium (307.8 mmol/d), and a 7-day high-sodium plus potassium supplementation (60 mmol/d). Nine BP measurements were obtained during baseline observation and each intervention period. The meta-analyses identified 8 novel loci for BP phenotypes, which physically mapped in or near PRMT6 ( P =7.29 x 10 –9 ), CDCA7 ( P =3.57 x 10 –8 ), PIBF1 ( P =1.78 x 10 –9 ), ARL4C ( P =1.86 x 10 –8 ), IRAK1BP1 ( P =1.44 x 10 –10 ), SALL1 ( P =7.01 x 10 –13 ), TRPM8 ( P =2.68 x 10 –8 ), and FBXL13 ( P =3.74 x 10 –9 ). There was a strong dose–response relationship between the number of risk alleles of these independent single-nucleotide polymorphisms and the risk of developing hypertension during the 7.5-year follow-up in the study participants. Compared with those in the lowest quartile of risk alleles, odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for those in the second, third, and fourth quartiles were 1.39 (0.97, 1.99), 1.72 (1.19, 2.47), and 1.84 (1.29, 2.62), respectively ( P =0.0003 for trend). Conclusions— Our study identified 8 novel loci for BP responses to dietary sodium and potassium intervention and cold pressor test. The effect size of these novel loci on BP phenotypes is much larger than those reported by the previously published studies. Furthermore, these variants predict the risk of developing hypertension among individuals with normal BP at baseline.
    Keywords: Genomics
    Print ISSN: 1942-325X
    Electronic ISSN: 1942-3268
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by American Heart Association (AHA)
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  • 2
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    Loss of GSTM1, a NRF2 target, is associated with accelerated progression of hypertensive kidney disease in the African American Study of Kidney Disease (AASK) (2013)
    The American Physiological Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-02-16
    Description: Oxidative stress is acknowledged to play a role in kidney disease progression. Genetic variants that affect the capacity to handle oxidative stress may therefore influence the outcome of kidney disease. We examined whether genetic variants of the GSTM1 gene, a member of a superfamily of glutathione S -transferases, influence the course of kidney disease progression in participants of the African American Study of Kidney Disease (AASK) trial. Groups with and without the common GSTM1 null allele, GSTM1(0) , differed significantly in the time to a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) event or dialysis ( P = 0.04) and in the time to GFR event, dialysis, or death ( P = 0.02). The hazard ratios (HR) for the time to a GFR event or dialysis in those with two or one null allele relative to those possessing none were 1.88 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.07 to 3.30, P = 0.03] and 1.68 (95% CI, 1.00 to 2.84, P 〈 0.05), respectively. For the time to GFR event, dialysis, or death, the HR for two null alleles was 2.06 (95% CI, 1.20 to 3.55, P = 0.01) and for one null allele 1.70 (95% CI, 1.02 to 2.81, P = 0.04). We demonstrated that GSTM1 directly regulates intracellular levels of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) in vascular smooth muscle cells. Furthermore, we showed that renal 4-HNE levels and GSTM1 are both increased after reduction of renal mass (RRM) in the mouse. We conclude that GSTM1 is normally upregulated in chronic kidney disease (CKD) in a protective response to increased oxidative stress. A genetic variant that results in loss of GSTM1 activity may be deleterious in CKD.
    Print ISSN: 1931-857X
    Electronic ISSN: 1522-1466
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by The American Physiological Society (APS)
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  • 3
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    Identification of a mammalian silicon transporter (2017)
    The American Physiological Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2017-05-02
    Description: Silicon (Si) has long been known to play a major physiological and structural role in certain organisms, including diatoms, sponges, and many higher plants, leading to the recent identification of multiple proteins responsible for Si transport in a range of algal and plant species. In mammals, despite several convincing studies suggesting that silicon is an important factor in bone development and connective tissue health, there is a critical lack of understanding about the biochemical pathways that enable Si homeostasis. Here we report the identification of a mammalian efflux Si transporter, namely Slc34a2 (also termed NaPiIIb), a known sodium-phosphate cotransporter, which was upregulated in rat kidney following chronic dietary Si deprivation. Normal rat renal epithelium demonstrated punctate expression of Slc34a2, and when the protein was heterologously expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes, Si efflux activity (i.e., movement of Si out of cells) was induced and was quantitatively similar to that induced by the known plant Si transporter Os Lsi2 in the same expression system. Interestingly, Si efflux appeared saturable over time, but it did not vary as a function of extracellular HPO42– or Na + concentration, suggesting that Slc34a2 harbors a functionally independent transport site for Si operating in the reverse direction to the site for phosphate. Indeed, in rats with dietary Si depletion-induced upregulation of transporter expression, there was increased urinary phosphate excretion. This is the first evidence of an active Si transport protein in mammals and points towards an important role for Si in vertebrates and explains interactions between dietary phosphate and silicon.
    Print ISSN: 0363-6143
    Electronic ISSN: 1522-1563
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by The American Physiological Society (APS)
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  • 4
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    Hypoxia inhibits expression and function of mitochondrial thioredoxin 2 to promote pulmonary hypertension (2017)
    The American Physiological Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-05-02
    Description: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is characterized by increased pulmonary vascular resistance, pulmonary vascular remodeling, and increased pulmonary vascular pressures that often result in right ventricular dysfunction, leading to right heart failure. Evidence suggests that reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to PH pathogenesis by altering pulmonary vascular cell proliferation and intracellular signaling pathways. However, the role of mitochondrial antioxidants and oxidant-derived stress signaling in the development of hypoxia-induced PH is largely unknown. Therefore, we examined the role of the major mitochondrial redox regulator thioredoxin 2 (Trx2). Levels of Trx2 mRNA and protein were examined in human pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (HPAECs) and smooth muscle cells (HPASMCs) exposed to hypoxia, a common stimulus for PH, for 72 h. Hypoxia decreased Trx2 mRNA and protein levels. In vitro overexpression of Trx2 reduced hypoxia-induced H 2 O 2 production. The effects of increased Trx2 protein level were examined in transgenic mice expressing human Trx2 (Tg hTrx2 ) that were exposed to hypoxia (10% O 2 ) for 3 wk. Tg hTrx2 mice exposed to hypoxia had exacerbated increases in right ventricular systolic pressures, right ventricular hypertrophy, and increased ROS in the lung tissue. Trx2 overexpression did not attenuate hypoxia-induced increases in Trx2 oxidation or Nox4 expression. Expression of a dominant negative C93S Trx2 mutant that mimics Trx2 oxidation exacerbated hypoxia-induced increases in HPASMC H 2 O 2 levels and cell proliferation. In conclusion, Trx2 overexpression failed to attenuate hypoxia-induced HPASMC proliferation in vitro or hypoxia-induced PH in vivo. These findings indicate that strategies to enhance Trx2 expression are unlikely to exert therapeutic effects in PH pathogenesis.
    Print ISSN: 1040-0605
    Electronic ISSN: 1522-1504
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by The American Physiological Society (APS)
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  • 5
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    Neurovascular cross talk in diabetic retinopathy: Pathophysiological roles and therapeutic implications (2016)
    The American Physiological Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-09-09
    Description: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of blindness in the working-age population in developed countries, and its prevalence will increase as the global incidence of diabetes grows exponentially. DR begins with an early nonproliferative stage in which retinal blood vessels and neurons degenerate as a consequence of chronic hyperglycemia, resulting in vasoregression and persistent retinal ischemia, metabolic disequilibrium, and inflammation. This is conducive to overcompensatory pathological neovascularization associated with advanced proliferative DR. Although DR is considered a microvascular complication, the retinal microvasculature is intimately associated with and governed by neurons and glia; neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation, and dysregulation of neurovascular cross talk are responsible in part for vascular abnormalities in both early nonproliferative DR and advanced proliferative DR. Neuronal activity directly regulates microvascular dilation and blood flow in the process of neurovascular coupling. Retinal neurons also secrete guidance cues in response to injury, ischemia, or metabolic stress that may either promote or suppress vascular outgrowth, either alleviating or exacerbating DR, contingent on the stage of disease and retinal microenvironment. Neurodegeneration, impaired neurovascular coupling, and dysregulation of neuronal guidance cues are key events in the pathogenesis of DR, and correcting these events may prevent or delay development of advanced DR. The review discusses the mechanisms of neurovascular cross talk and its dysregulation in DR, and their potential therapeutic implications.
    Print ISSN: 0363-6135
    Electronic ISSN: 1522-1539
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by The American Physiological Society (APS)
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  • 6
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    Study on energy-saving reconstruction plans for cold end system of direct air-cooling unit (2018)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-10-31
    Description: Taking several recent successful technological transformation cases as technical reference, technical transformation plans are purposefully reviewed, pointing at questions at high temperature, for example, high back-pressure and high coal consumption for power generation. The peak cooling system distributes part of steam turbine exhaust and the air-cooling condenser thermal load reduces with the fixed cooling capacity of air cooling system. Or the capacity-increasing improves the cooling capacity with the fixed heat load of cold end system. The chosen of technical plan of direct air-cooling unit should be made on the base of its real situation.
    Print ISSN: 1755-1307
    Electronic ISSN: 1755-1315
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 7
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    Metropolitan residents’ willingness to payment and factors affecting low-carbon agricultural products: an empirical analysis on low-carbon vegetables in Shanghai (2018)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-08-31
    Description: In this paper, we investigated the willingness of metropolitan residents to pay for low-carbon agricultural products. By developing low-carbon agricultural products, carbon emission would be reduced significantly. Using the contingent valuation method, this paper explored Shanghai residents’ willingness to pay for vegetables with carbon labeling. The results of multiple regression model and logistic regression model are as follows: while 91% of respondents were willing to buy vegetables with carbon labels, they were only willing to pay an additional fee of 6% for low-carbon vegetables. Secondly, gender, education level, awareness of carbon labeling, habits to buy vegetables in a traditional market, large supermarket chains, and community supermarket would significantly affect the respondent’s willingness to buy low-carbon vegetables. Thirdly, family structure, household disposable income, awareness of carbon labeling and habits to buy vegetable in large supermarket chains would ...
    Print ISSN: 1755-1307
    Electronic ISSN: 1755-1315
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 8
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    Compilation Standard of Specification for Construction and Quality Acceptance for Urban Utility Tunnel of Shaanxi Province (2018)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-03
    Description: In order to standardize the related procedures and quality control requirements for the construction and quality acceptance of utility tunnel in Shaanxi province. The relevant departments of Shaanxi province have compiled Specification for Construction and Quality Acceptance for Urban Utility Tunnel of Shaanxi Province (The following is referred as Specification). This paper first systematically summarizes the history and present situation of the construction of utility tunnel at home and abroad. Then it is pointed that the main problems in the construction of the utility tunnel in China are the lack of the basis for the construction. Introduced the establishment background, guidelines, framework, for 3 issues were discussed. These 3 problems are that processing and construction method of foundation is still using the housing construction is reasonable or not, whether the configuration of steel bar of top and bottom panels of utility tunnel can be optimized and it is possible fo...
    Print ISSN: 1755-1307
    Electronic ISSN: 1755-1315
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 9
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    The Analysis of the Abnormal Characteristics of GPS Data before the 2013 Minxian-Zhangxian M S 6.6 Earthquake (2018)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-03
    Description: To study the movement characteristics of crustal deformation around the epicenter before the M s 6.6 earthquake in Minxian-Zhangxian in 2013, the paper analyzes the GPS velocity field, the baseline time series between stations and the time series of the epicentral region strain, and then discusses the characteristics of the crustal deformation before the earthquake. It is shown from the results that the Lintan-Tanchang fault and the Northern Xiqinling fault are in the inner circle of the clockwise vortex, which have obvious stress accumulation. Among the two velocity fields in 2004-2007 and 2009-2011, there are significant differences in the direction and amplitude of the movement around the Lintan-Tanchang fault, which may cause the risk of earthquake events. The baseline time series reflect the strain accumulation in NE side of Lintan-Tanchang thrust fault with NE-trending was quite high before the earthquake, and the velocity of the SW side was accelerating, ...
    Print ISSN: 1755-1307
    Electronic ISSN: 1755-1315
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 10
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    Projecting onto any two-photon polarization state using linear optics (2018)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-08-24
    Description: Projectors are a simple but powerful tool for manipulating and probing quantum systems. For instance, projecting two-qubit systems onto maximally entangled states can enable quantum teleportation. While such projectors have been extensively studied, partially-entangling projectors have been largely overlooked, especially experimentally, despite their important role in quantum foundations and quantum information. Here, we propose a way to project two polarized photons onto any state with a single experimental setup. Our scheme does not require optical nonlinearities or additional photons. Instead, the entangling operation is provided by Hong–Ou–Mandel interference and post-selection. The efficiency of the scheme is between 50% and 100%, depending on the projector. We perform an experimental demonstration and reconstruct the operator describing our measurement using detector tomography. Finally, we flip the usual role of measurement and state in Hardy’s test by performing a partia...
    Electronic ISSN: 1367-2630
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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