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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recovery of post-tetanic count and train-of-four responses at the great toe and thumb (1998)
    Oxford : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Anaesthesia 53 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We have studied the recovery of post-tetanic count and train-of-four responses at the great toe and thumb accelerographically after the administration of vecuronium 0.2 mgkg−1. Sixty adult patients scheduled for anaesthesia with nitrous oxide and isoflurane were studied. The times to the return of the first post-tetanic twitch were comparable at the great toe and thumb (mean (SD) times: 30.0 (6.5) min and 35.0 (8.5) min, respectively). Recovery of post-tetanic count followed similar time courses at the great toe and thumb. Also, time to the return of the first twitch of the train-of-four did not differ significantly at the great toe and thumb (47.5 (9.6) min vs. 49.7 (10.5) min). Similarly, time to the return of the second, third and fourth twitches of the train-of-four did not significantly differ at the great toe and the thumb. However, the value of the first twitch of the train-of-four, expressed as a proportion of control twitch, was significantly higher than that at the thumb between 50 min and 110 min after the vecuronium injection, and the train-of-four ratio at the great toe was significantly higher than that at the thumb between 60 min and 100 min after the vecuronium injection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2044.1998.00336.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prophylactic anti-emetic therapy with granisetron, droperidol and metoclopramide in female patients undergoing middle ear surgery (1998)
    Oxford : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Anaesthesia 53 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The efficacy of granisetron, droperidol and metoclopramide for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in female patients undergoing middle ear surgery was compared. In a randomised, double-blind study, 180 patients received granisetron 40 μg.kg−1, droperidol 20 μg.kg−1 or metoclopramide 0.2 mg.kg−1 given intravenously immediately before induction of anaesthesia (n = 60 for each). A standardised general anaesthetic technique was employed throughout. A complete response, defined as no postoperative nausea and vomiting and no need for another rescue anti-emetic, during the first 3 h after anaesthesia was achieved in 83%, 58% and 55% of patients who had received granisetron, droperidol and metoclopramide, respectively. The corresponding incidence during the next 21 h after anaesthesia was 85%, 54% and 47% (p 〈 0.05). No clinically important adverse effects were observed in any of the groups. We conclude that prophylactic therapy with granisetron is superior to droperidol or metoclopramide in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting after middle ear surgery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2044.1998.00633.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationship between stimulating current and accelographic train-of-four response at the great toe (1999)
    Oxford : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Anaesthesia 54 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We investigated the accelographic train-of-four response evaluated at the great toe at varying stimulating currents. Fifteen adult patients undergoing elective general anaesthesia were studied. The mean current at which a supramaximal T1 value could be elicited was 〉 49 (9) mA [mean (SD)]. Ratios of accelographic T1 values at 50, 40, 30, 20 and 10 mA to accelographic T1 value at 60 mA were 0.90 (0.18), 0.58 (0.37), 0.38 (0.37), 0.19 (0.26) and 0.00 (0.00), respectively [mean (SD), p 〈 0.05 for 50 mA vs. 30, 20 and 10 mA, p 〈 0.05 for 40 mA vs. 20 and 10 mA, and p 〈 0.05 for 30 vs. 10 mA]. Threshold currents for train-of-four (the lowest currents at which any train-of-four response could be elicited) before and after induction of anaesthesia were 30 (10) and 31 (10) mA, respectively. The train-of-four ratio (T4/T1) measured at varying currents did not differ significantly. However, in the patients in whom threshold currents for train-of-four were 40, 30 and 20 mA, the train-of-four ratio recorded at the threshold current was significantly less than at 50 mA. We conclude that at the great toe, the mean current at which a supramaximal response to train-of-four can be yielded is as high as 〉 49 mA. The mean threshold currents for TOF before and after induction of anaesthesia were 30 and 31 mA, respectively. Train-of-four ratio measured at the threshold current is less than that at 50 mA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2044.1999.01072.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glia maturation factor-β is produced by thymoma and may promote intratumoral T-cell differentiation (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Histopathology 47 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Aims : To investigate whether Glia maturation factor-β (GMFB) is expressed in thymomas and is associated with T-cell development.Methods and results : We investigated the expression of GMFB by immunohistochemistry in 86 cases of thymoma classified into five type A, 35 type AB, 11 type B1, 26 type B2, and nine type B3 thymomas according to the World Health Organization classification system. Immunoblotting and in situ hybridization (ISH) studies were also performed in selected cases. The results of the immunoblot analysis were in accordance with those of immunohistochemical scoring. The ISH study ascertained the tumour cells producing the protein. Immunohistochemically, GMFB expression was observed in one (20%) of type A, 32 (80%) of type AB, all (100%) of type B1 and B2, and eight (89%) of type B3 thymoma with statistically significant differences between type A and type AB, type B1, or type B2 thymoma, and between type B3 and type AB or type B2 thymoma. There was a significant correlation between GMFB expression and the amount of accompanying non-neoplastic T cells. GMFB promoted T-cell differentiation into CD4–/CD8+ cells when analysed by two-colour flow cytometry.Conclusions : The present study suggests that T-cell development in thymoma may be maintained partly by GMFB produced by the tumour cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2559.2005.02224.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The spectrum of micronodular thymic epithelial tumours with lymphoid B-cell hyperplasia (2001)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Histopathology 38 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The spectrum of micronodular thymic epithelial tumours with lymphoid B-cell hyperplasia Aims: A rare type of thymoma, micronodular thymoma with lymphoid B-cell hyperplasia, was recently reported by Suster and Moran. Thymic epithelial tumours with a similar pattern but with varied cytological features of the tumour cells are analysed. Methods and results: A total of 11 cases of thymic epithelial tumours characterized by micronodular proliferation of tumour cells separated by abundant lymphoid stroma with prominent germinal centres were reviewed clinicopathologically and examined immunohistochemically. The presence of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) genome was also examined by in-situ hybridization. Based on the morphology of tumour epithelial cells, cases were subdivided into four groups: group 1 (two cases) having spindle epithelial cells; group 2 (two cases) showing an admixture of spindle and polygonal epithelial cells; group 3 (five cases) having polygonal epithelial cells, with mild to moderate cytological atypia in four cases, and group 4 (two cases) representing lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma. The degree of cytological atypia and the number of tumour cells positive for MIB-1 and p53 gradually increased towards group 4. The abundant lymphoid stroma in all cases contained many CD20-positive B-cells and CD3 and CD45RO-positive T-cells. CD99-positive immature T-cells were present in all cases of groups 1 and 2 and in most cases of group 3, but not in both cases of group 4 tumours. IgG, IgM and IgD-positive plasma cells and lymphocytes were also present in all cases, more prominent in those of groups 3 and 4. The EBV genome was detected in only a few lymphocytes in five cases. Conclusions: The tumours in this series belong to a distinct category of thymic epithelial tumours and each of the above groups may constitute a spectrum in the continuum of cytological atypia. The aetiological relationship of EBV with these tumours could not be proved. The lymphoid B-cell hyperplasia may result from a host immune response and may suggest a favourable clinical course of this type of tumour.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2559.2001.01133.x
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  • 6
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    Adrenal Venous Sampling in Patients With Positive Screening but Negative Confirmatory Testing for Primary Aldosteronism [Primary Aldosteronism] (2016)
    American Heart Association (AHA)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-14
    Description: Adrenal venous sampling is considered to be the most reliable diagnostic procedure to lateralize aldosterone excess in primary aldosteronism (PA). However, normative criteria have not been established partially because of a lack of data in non-PA hypertensive patients. The aim of the study was to investigate aldosterone concentration and its gradient in the adrenal vein of non-PA hypertensive patients. We retrospectively studied the results of cosyntropin-stimulated adrenal venous sampling in 40 hypertensive patients who showed positive screening testing but negative results in 2 confirmatory tests/captopril challenge test and saline infusion test. Plasma aldosterone concentration, aldosterone/cortisol ratio, its higher/lower ratio (lateralization index) in the adrenal vein with cosyntropin stimulation were measured. Median plasma aldosterone concentration in the adrenal vein was 25 819 pg/mL (range, 5154–69 920) in the higher side and 12 953 (range, 1866–36 190) pg/mL in the lower side ( P 〈0.001). There was a significant gradient in aldosterone/cortisol ratio between the higher and the lower sides (27.2 [5.4–66.0] versus 17.3 [4.0–59.0] pg/mL per μg/dL; P 〈0.001) with lateralization index ranging from 1.01 to 3.87. The aldosterone lateralization gradient was between 1 to 2 in 32 patients and 2 to 4 in 8 patients. None of the patients showed lateralization index ≥4. The present study demonstrated that plasma aldosterone concentration in the adrenal veins showed significant variation and lateralization gradient even in non-PA hypertensive patients. Adrenal venous sampling aldosterone lateralization gradients between 2 and 4 should be interpreted with caution in patients with PA because these gradients can be found even in patients with negative confirmatory testing for PA.
    Keywords: ACE/Angiotensin Receptors/Renin Angiotensin System, Hypertension
    Print ISSN: 0194-911X
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by American Heart Association (AHA)
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  • 7
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    Intima-Media Thickness of Brachial Artery, Vascular Function, and Cardiovascular Risk Factors [Clinical and Population Studies] (2012)
    American Heart Association (AHA)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-08-16
    Description: Objective— Cardiovascular diseases are associated with impaired flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) and increase in carotid intima-media thickness (IMT). Both FMD and IMT are independent predictors for cardiovascular outcomes. When measuring FMD and nitroglycerine-induced vasodilation in the brachial artery, IMT can also be simultaneously assessed in the same brachial artery. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationships between IMT of the brachial artery, vascular function, and cardiovascular risk factors. Methods and Results— We measured brachial IMT, FMD, and nitroglycerine-induced vasodilation by ultrasound in 388 subjects who underwent health examination (mean age, 45±22 years; age range, 19–86), including patients with cardiovascular diseases. Univariate regression analysis revealed that brachial IMT significantly correlated with age ( r =0.71; P 〈0.001), body mass index ( r =0.27; P 〈0.001), systolic blood pressure ( r =0.40; P 〈0.001), diastolic blood pressure ( r =0.31; P 〈0.001), heart rate ( r =0.15; P =0.002), glucose level ( r =0.18; P =0.01), and smoking pack-years ( r =0.42; P 〈0.001), as well as Framingham risk score, a cumulative cardiovascular risk index for heart attack ( r =0.49; P 〈0.001). FMD and nitroglycerine-induced vasodilation were inversely associated with brachial IMT ( r =–0.39, P 〈0.001; r =–0.32, P 〈0.001, respectively). In addition, there was a significant relationship between brachial IMT and carotid IMT ( r =0.58; P 〈0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that age, sex, hypertension, and brachial artery diameter were independent predictors of brachial IMT. Conclusion— These findings suggest that brachial IMT may be a marker of the grade of atherosclerosis and may be used as a marker of vascular function, providing additive information for stratifying subjects with cardiovascular risk factors.
    Keywords: Risk Factors
    Print ISSN: 1079-5642
    Electronic ISSN: 1524-4636
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by American Heart Association (AHA)
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