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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The in vivo formation of p-chloro-β-phenylethylamine in young rats injected with p-chlorophenylalanine (1972)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 19 (1972), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1972.tb06232.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    QUALITY OF RUNOFF FROM PLOTS WITH SIMULATED GRAZING (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 36 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Grazed pastures represent a potential source of non-point pollution. In comparison to other nonpoint sources (e.g., row-cropped lands), relatively little information exists regarding possible magnitudes of nutrient losses from grazed pasture, how those losses are affected by management variables, and how the losses can be minimized. The objective of this study was to measure concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and solids in runoff from fescue plots and relate those measurements to simulated forage management strategy. The study was conducted at the University of Kentucky Maine Chance Agricultural Experiment Station north of Lexington. Plots (2.4 m wide by 6.1 m long) were constructed and established in Kentucky 31 fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) to represent pasture. The experimental treatments applied to the plots varied in terms of forage height and material applied (none, manure, or manure and urine). Runoff was sampled for six simulated rainfall events applied over the summer of 1997 and analyzed for nitrate N (NO3-N), ammonia N (NH3-N), total Kjeldahl N (TKN), ortho-P (PO4-P), total P (TP), and total suspended solids (TSS). All runoff constituents exhibited dependence on the date of simulated rainfall with generally higher concentrations measured when simulated rainfall followed relatively dry periods. The effects of forage height and manure addition were mixed. Highest runoff N concentrations were associated with the greatest forage heights, whereas highest P concentrations occurred for the least forage heights. Manure/urine addition increased runoff P concentrations relative to controls (no manure/urine) for both the greatest and least forage heights, but runoff N concentrations were increased only for the greatest forage heights. These findings indicate that runoff of N and P is at least as sensitive to amount and proximity of preceding rainfall and suggest that managing forage to stimulate growth and plant uptake can reduce runoff of N.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2000.tb05710.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    RUNOFF OF METALS FROM ALUM-TREATED HORSE MANURE AND MUNICIPAL SLUDGE (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 35 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Land application of organic soil amendments can increase runoff concentrations of metals such as Fe and Zn, metalbids such as B and As, and non-metals such as P and S that have the potential for causing adverse environmental impacts. Aluminum sulfate, or alum (Al2(SO4)3*(14H2O), can reduce concentrations of some materials in runoff from sites treated with organic amendments. The objectives of this study were to (a) quantify concentrations of selected constituents (Al, As, B, Ca, Cd, Co, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, P, Pb, 5, Se, Ti, and Zn) in runoff from plots treated with horse manure (mixed with stall bedding) and municipal sludge, (b) assess runoff quality effects of alum addition to those treatments, and (c) determine time variations in concentrations of the constituents. Horse manure and municipal sludge were applied to twelve 2.4 by 6.1 m fescue plots (six each for the manure and sludge). Alum was added to three of the manure-treated and three of the sludge-treated plots. Simulated rainfall (64 mm/h) was applied to the 12 treated plots and to three control (no treatment) plots. The first 0.5 h runoff was sampled and analyzed for the constituents described above. Addition of manure or sludge had no effect on runoff concentrations of the majority of constituents. In some cases (e.g., Al, As, Fe, Zn), however, concentrations were near or in excess of threshold values recommended for marine wildlife protection. Alum addition increased runoff of Al, Ca, K, and 5, due likely to its composition and by the addition of lime to counteract the acidity of alum. Concentration decreases of more than 50 percent were noted for P for the horse manure treatment. No alum effect was detected for P in runoff from the sludge-treated plots, possibly due to relatively stable P forms in the sludge. Runoff concentrations of Al, As, Fe, K, Mn, and P followed an approximately first-order decline with respect to time. Runoff concentrations of Ca and 5, however, peaked during the second runoff sample (four minutes following initiation of runoff), suggesting that differences in mobility and/or transport mechanisms exist among the materials investigated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1999.tb05460.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DETERMINATION OF BEST TIMING FOR POULTRY WASTE DISPOSAL: A MODELING APPROACH (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 28 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Confined production of poultry results in significant volumes of waste material which are typically disposed of by land application. Concerns over the potential environmental impacts of poultry waste disposal have resulted in ongoing efforts to develop management practices which maintain high quality of water downstream of disposal areas. The timing of application to minimize waste constituent losses is a management practice with the potential to ensure high quality of streams, rivers, and lakes downstream of receiving areas. This paper describes the development and application of a method to identify which time of year is best, from the standpoint of surface water quality, for land application of poultry waste. The procedure consists of using a mathematical simulation model to estimate average nitrogen and phosphorus losses resulting from different application timings, and then identifying the timings which minimize losses of these nutrients. The procedure was applied to three locations in Arkansas, and three different criteria for optimality of application timing were investigated. One criterion was oriented strictly to water quality, one was oriented only to crop production, and the last was a combination. The criteria resulted in different windows of time being identified as optimal. Optimal windows also varied with location of the receiving area. The results indicate that it is possible to land-apply poultry waste at times which both minimize nutrient losses and maximize crop yield.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1992.tb03170.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A COMPARISON OF RUNOFF QUALITY EFFECTS OF ORGANIC AND INORGANIC FERTILIZERS APPLIED TO FESCUEGRASS PLOTS (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 30 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Application of fertilizer can degrade quality of runoff, particularly during the first post-application, runoff-producing storm. This experiment assessed and compared runoff quality impacts of organic and inorganic fertilizer application for a single simulated storm occurring seven days following application. The organic fertilizers used were poultry (Gallus gallus domesticus) litter, poultry manure, and swine (Sus scrofa domesticus) manure. All fertilizers were applied at an application rate of 217.6 kg N/ha. Simulated rainfall was applied at 50 mm/h for an average duration of 0.8 h. Runoff samples were collected, composited, and analyzed for nitrate N (NO3-N), ammonia N (NH3-N), total Kjeldahl N (TKN), ortho-P (PO4-P), total P (TP), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), fecal coliforms (FC), and fecal streptococci (FS). Application of the fertilizers did not alter the hydrologic characteristics of the receiving plots relative to the control plots. Concentrations of fertilizer constituents were almost always greater from treated than from control plots and were usually much greater. Flow-weighted mean concentrations of NH3-N, PO4-P, and TP were highest for the inorganic fertilizer treatment (42.0, 26.6, and 27.9 mg/L, respectively). Runoff COD and TSS concentrations were greatest for the poultry litter treatment. Concentrations of FC and FS were greater for fertilized than for control plots with no differences among fertilized plots, but FC concentrations for all treatments were in excess of Arkansas' primary and secondary contact standards. Mass losses of fertilizer constituents were low (≤ 3 kg/ha) and were small proportions (≤ 3 percent) of amounts applied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1994.tb03271.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    RUNOFF NUTRIENT AND FECAL COLIFORM CONTENT FROM CATTLE MANURE APPLICATION TO FESCUE PLOTS (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 36 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Grazed pastures represent a potential source of non-point pollution. In comparison to other nonpoint sources (e.g., row-cropped lands), relatively little information exists regarding possible magnitudes of pollution from grazed pasture; how that pollution is affected by weather, soil, management and other variables; and how the pollution can be minimized. The objective of this study was to assess how the quality of runoff from fescue plots is influenced by duration of cattle manure application (4–12 weeks) and manure application strategy (none, weekly application of 1.4 kg/plot, and monthly application at 5.6 kg/plot). Additional analyses were performed to relate runoff quality to the timing of sample collection. The study was conducted at the University of Kentucky Maine Chance Agricultural Experiment Station north of Lexington. Plots (2.4 m wide by 6.1 m long) were constructed and established in Kentucky 31 fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) to represent pasture. Grazing was simulated by application of beef cattle manure to the plots. Runoff was generated by applying simulated rainfall approximately 4, S and 12 weeks following initiation of manure application. Runoff samples were collected and analyzed according to standard methods for nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and fecal coliforms (FC). Runoff concentrations of N and P from manure-treated plots were low and generally not consistently different from control plot concentrations or related to manure application strategy. Runoff FC concentrations from manure-treated plots were higher than from control plot concentrations. Runoff concentrations of ammonia N, total Kjeldahl N, ortho-P and FC decreased approximately exponentially in response to increasing time of sample collection. These findings suggest that manure deposition on well-managed pasture at the rates used in this study might have a negligible impact on nutrient content of runoff.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2000.tb04300.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    FECAL COLIFORM AND STREPTOCOCCUS CONCENTRATIONS IN RUNOFF FROM GRAZED PASTURES IN NORTHWEST ARKANSAS (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 33 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Agricultural practices such as cattle grazing and animal manure application can contribute to relatively high runoff concentrations of fecal coliform (FC) and fecal streptococcus (FS). Available information, however, is inconsistent with respect to the effects of such practices as well as to measures that can discriminate among candidate sources of FC and FS. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of grazing, time of year, and runoff amounts on FC and FS concentrations and to evaluate whether FCIFS concentration ratios are consistent with earlier values reported as characteristic of animal sources. Runoff from four Northwest Arkansas fields was sampled and analyzed for fecal coliform (FC) and fecal streptococcus (FS) for nearly three years (1991–1994). Each field was grazed and fertilized, with two fields receiving inorganic fertilizer and two receiving animal manure. Runoff amount had no effect on runoff concentrations of FC or FS. There were no consistent relationships between the presence of cattle and FC and FS runoff concentrations. Both FC and FS concentrations were affected by the season during which the runoff occurred. Higher concentrations were observed during warmer months. Runoff FC concentrations exceeded the primary contact standard of 200 cfu/100 mL during at least 89 percent of all runoff events and the secondary contact standard of 1000 cfu/100 mL during at least 70 percent of the events. Ratios of FC to FS concentrations varied widely (from near zero to more than 100), confirming earlier findings that FC/FS ratios are not a reliable indicator of the source of FC and FS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1997.tb03520.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Atracurium overdose in a small infant (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 44 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: An error in setting a syringe driver caused a 2.75 kg infant to receive 37 mg atracurium over 75 minutes. Clinically full recovery of muscle power had returned spontaneously 135 minutes after the infusion was stopped. The child suffered no ill effects. Assay of blood and urine for atracurium and laudanosine conjirmed rapid clearance of the drug.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1989.tb11375.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The pathology of a cricopharyngeal dysphagia (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Histopathology 3 (1979), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The paper describes the changes in the cricopharyngeal muscle in seven cases of dysphagia resulting from obstruction at this level which was relieved by myotomy. Histological features included degeneration and regeneration in the muscle fibres with interstitial fibrosis which was severe in some of the cases. It is considered that this restrictive fibrosis is the cause of the dysphagia and that it is secondary to muscle fibre damage, the cause of which is at present obscure. Minor degrees of muscle damage and regeneration were seen rarely in controls and fibrosis was never present. There was no evidence of underlying vascular or neurological disease in six cases; the seventh had a previous history of scleroderma but this was not thought to be the cause of the cricopharyngeal lesion. The age incidence ranged from 1 to 5 years at the onset of dysphagia; in six of the seven it was 50 years or more.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2559.1979.tb02999.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Light interception by grain legume row crops (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 7 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. Four contrasting grain legume species (Glycine max, Vigna radiata. Vigna mungo and Vigna angularis) were grown as row crops with both 0.5 m and 1.0 m spacings between row centres. Light transmission profiles, at ground level, across rows of plants, were obtained for each crop on a number of occasions during growth. The proportion of the incident downward light flux density intercepted by each crop at solar noon was found to be simply and directly related to the product of the proportion of the ground area covered by the crop's leaf canopy and the proportion of the downward light flux density incident at the row centre that was intercepted by the crop. The average proportion of the incident light energy intercepted over the whole day could be related to the proportion intercepted at solar noon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-3040.ep11589442
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