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  • 1
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    A New Scope and Aims for Perspectives of Earth and Space Scientists
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2023
    In:  Perspectives of Earth and Space Scientists Vol. 4, No. 1 ( 2023-12)
    Details
    In: Perspectives of Earth and Space Scientists, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 4, No. 1 ( 2023-12)
    Abstract: American Geophysical Union (AGU)'s journal Perspectives of Earth and Space Scientists has expanded its aims and scope to include, in addition to its articles, several new formats that include memorials, commentaries, debates, opinion pieces, and news updates Perspectives remains fully open access with publication costs borne by AGU, but is no longer by‐invitation‐only and encourages article submissions across the full range of diversity in nationality, ethnicity, culture, gender, and career stage of Earth and space scientists Perspectives is a premier choice for Earth and space scientists to record the stories of their science with an eye to both documenting the rich history of our fields and inspiring future generations of scientists
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2637-6989 , 2637-6989
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2022CN000202
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 2
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    MPI-DING reference glasses for in situ microanalysis: New reference values for element concentrations and isotope ratios : MPI-DING REFERENCE GLASSES
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2006
    In:  Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems Vol. 7, No. 2 ( 2006-02), p. n/a-n/a
    Details
    In: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 7, No. 2 ( 2006-02), p. n/a-n/a
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1525-2027
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2005GC001060
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2006
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  • 3
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    Validation of UARS Microwave Limb Sounder ozone measurements
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 1996
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Vol. 101, No. D6 ( 1996-04-30), p. 10017-10060
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 101, No. D6 ( 1996-04-30), p. 10017-10060
    Abstract: This paper describes the validation of ozone data from the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS). The MLS ozone retrievals are obtained from the calibrated microwave radiances (emission spectra) in two separate bands, at frequencies near 205 and 183 GHz. Analyses described here focus on the MLS Version 3 data (the first set of files made publicly available). We describe results of simulations performed to assess the quality of the retrieval algorithms, in terms of both mixing ratio and radiance closure. From actual MLS observations, the 205‐GHz ozone retrievals give better closure (smaller radiance residuals) than that from the 183‐GHz measurements and should be considered more accurate from the calibration aspects. However, the 183‐GHz data are less noise limited in the mesosphere and can provide the most useful scientific results in that region. We compare the retrieved 205‐GHz ozone profiles in the middle‐to lower stratosphere to ozonesonde measurements at a wide range of latitudes and seasons. Ground‐based lidar data from Table Mountain, California, provide a good reference for comparisons at higher altitudes. Based on these analyses, comparisons with balloon‐borne measurements and others, as well as a detailed budget of estimated uncertainties, MLS results appear to be generally of high quality, with some biases worth mentioning. Results for the lowermost stratosphere (∼50 to 100 hPa) are still in need of improvement. A set of estimated precision and accuracy values is derived for the MLS ozone data sets. We also comment on recent updates in the retrieval algorithms and their impact on ozone values.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/95JD02325
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 1996
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  • 4
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    New Ultraviolet Spectroradiometer measurements at Mauna Loa Observatory
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 1996
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters Vol. 23, No. 16 ( 1996-08), p. 2121-2124
    Details
    In: Geophysical Research Letters, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 23, No. 16 ( 1996-08), p. 2121-2124
    Abstract: A research‐grade scanning UV spectroradiometer was installed at Mauna Loa Observatory (MLO), Hawaii, in July 1995. This instrument, built around a commercially available double monochromator, is interfaced with a PC to provide automatic control and data acquisition. The spectral range sampled by the instrument is 290–450 nm, and the bandpass is about 1 nm. A complete scan requires about 200 seconds and is performed every 5 degrees of solar zenith angle (SZA) during daylight hours. Calibration is performed on site at 6‐month intervals using a 1000‐W standard quartz‐halogen FEL lamp with calibration traceable to NIST. The UV irradiances measured at MLO are much more intense than at low altitude mid‐latitude locations. For observations at a SZA of 45°, the erythemally weighted UV can exceed 18 μW cm −2 , which is approximately 15‐20% greater than the maxima seen at Lauder, NeW Zealand, for similar ozone amounts. The difference is primarily due to the higher altitude at MLO. For overhead sun conditions at MLO, erythemal UV can exceed 45 μW cm −2 , which to our knowledge is the highest recorded anywhere at the Earth's surface. UV irradiance is strongly correlated (inversely) with Dobson spectrophotometer total ozone measurements at MLO, with higher correlations at shorter wavelengths. The radiative amplification factor (RAF) for erythema at MLO is about 1.44±0.46 at SZA 45°. Using ozone retrievals from the UV spectra themselves, the deduced RAF for erythema is 1.26±0.38. The RAFs for erythema at SZA 60° are similar, and in agreement with other determinations within the limits of experimental uncertainty.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0094-8276 , 1944-8007
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/96GL01954
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 1996
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  • 5
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    Modeling nutrient and plankton processes in the California coastal transition zone: 2. A three‐dimensional physical‐bio‐optical model
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 1996
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans Vol. 101, No. C10 ( 1996-10-15), p. 22677-22691
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 101, No. C10 ( 1996-10-15), p. 22677-22691
    Abstract: A three‐dimensional (3‐D) primitive equation model, developed to simulate the circulation features (filaments) observed in the California coastal transition zone (CTZ), was coupled to a nine‐component food web model and a bio‐optical model. The simulated flow fields from a 3‐D primitive equation model are used to advect the constituents of the food web model, which include silicate, nitrate, ammonium, two phytoplankton size fractions, copepods, doliolids, euphausiids, and a detritus pool. The bio‐optical model simulates the wavelength‐dependent attenuation of the subsurface irradiance field. The overall objective of this modeling study was to understand and quantify the processes that contribute to the spatial and temporal development of nutrient and plankton distributions in the CTZ. The resulting simulated 3‐D nutrient, plankton and submarine light fields agree well with those observed within the CTZ. Specifically, high nutrient and plankton biomass occur onshore and within the core of the simulated filament. Variations in the depth of the 1% light level, which result from the simulated plankton distributions, shallows to less than 30 m in regions of high phytoplankton biomass, and deepens to greater than 75 m in regions of low phytoplankton biomass. The onshore and offshore surface carbon flux patterns are similar in shape due to the meander‐like flow patterns of the filament; however, the net across‐shore area‐integrated carbon flux is predominantly offshore. The total 20‐day integrated carbon transport for the model domain varies with distance from shore and is highest (35 × 10 9 g C) in the region where the filament circulation pattern develops into an anticyclonic and cyclonic pair of eddies. The annual integrated carbon transport by filaments along the California coast is estimated to be 1.89 × 10 12 g C.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/96JC01719
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 1996
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  • 6
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    Climate change impacts on southern R oss S ea phytoplankton composition, productivity, and export
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2017
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans Vol. 122, No. 3 ( 2017-03), p. 2339-2359
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 122, No. 3 ( 2017-03), p. 2339-2359
    Abstract: Climate model scenarios for mid‐21st and late‐21st century indicate increases of primary productivity and carbon export flux Shallower mixed layer depths cause diatoms to increase and Phaeocystis antarctica to decrease by the mid‐21st century Earlier availability of low light from melting sea ice causes Phaeocystis antarctica to increase more than diatoms in the late‐21st century
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2169-9275 , 2169-9291
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/jgrc.v122.3
    DOI: 10.1002/2016JC012514
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2017
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  • 7
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    Iron supply and demand in an Antarctic shelf ecosystem
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2015
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters Vol. 42, No. 19 ( 2015-10-16), p. 8088-8097
    Details
    In: Geophysical Research Letters, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 42, No. 19 ( 2015-10-16), p. 8088-8097
    Abstract: Iron supply is estimated using observations and a 3‐D model of the Ross Sea The largest sources are winter mixing from the benthos and melting sea ice Inferred supply is sufficient to balance satellite‐based productivity estimates
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0094-8276 , 1944-8007
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/grl.v42.19
    DOI: 10.1002/2015GL065727
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2015
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  • 8
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    Modeling nutrient and plankton processes in the California coastal transition zone: 1. A time‐ and depth‐dependent model
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 1996
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans Vol. 101, No. C10 ( 1996-10-15), p. 22647-22676
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 101, No. C10 ( 1996-10-15), p. 22647-22676
    Abstract: A time‐ and depth‐dependent, physical‐bio‐optical model was developed for the California coastal transition zone (CTZ) with the overall objective of understanding and quantifying the processes that contribute to the vertical and temporal development of nutrient and plankton distributions in the CTZ. The model food web components included silicate, nitrate, ammonium, two phytoplankton size fractions, copepods, doliolids, euphausiids, and a detritus pool. The wavelength‐dependent subsurface irradiance field was attenuated by seawater and phytoplankton pigments. The one‐dimensional (1‐D) model adequately simulated the development and maintenance of a subsurface chlorophyll maximum in different regions within the CTZ. An analysis of the individual terms in the model governing equations revealed that phytoplankton in situ growth was primarily responsible for the creation and maintenance of the subsurface chlorophyll maximum at both coastal and oceanic regions in the CTZ. The depth to which the maximum in situ growth occurred was controlled by the combined effect of light and nutrient limitation. Also, the simulated bio‐optical fields demonstrated the effect of nonlinear couplings between food web components and the subsurface irradiance field on vertical biological distributions. In particular, the e ‐folding scale of the subsurface photosynthetically available radiation (PAR) was influenced by the level of zooplankton grazing.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/96JC01718
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 1996
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  • 9
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    Correction to “The large‐scale horizontal structure of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current from FGGE drifters” by E. E. Hofmann
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 1985
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans Vol. 90, No. C6 ( 1985-11-20), p. 12007-12009
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 90, No. C6 ( 1985-11-20), p. 12007-12009
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/JC090iC06p12007
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 1985
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  • 10
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    Modeling nutrient and plankton processes in the California coastal transition zone: 3. Lagrangian drifters
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 1996
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans Vol. 101, No. C10 ( 1996-10-15), p. 22693-22704
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 101, No. C10 ( 1996-10-15), p. 22693-22704
    Abstract: Two types of numerical Lagrangian drifter experiments were conducted, using a set of increasingly complex and sophisticated models, to investigate the processes associated with the plankton distributions in the California coastal transition zone (CTZ). The first experiment used a one‐dimensional (1‐D; vertical) time‐dependent physical‐bio‐optical model, which contained a nine‐component food web. Vertical velocities, along the track of simulated Lagrangian drifters, derived from a three‐dimensional (3‐D), primitive equation circulation model developed to simulate the flow observed within the CTZ, were used to parameterize the upwelling and downwelling processes. The second experiment used 880 simulated Lagrangian drifters from a 3‐D primitive equation circulation model which was coupled to the same food web and bio‐optical model used in the first experiment. Parameterization of the biological processes in both experiments were based upon data obtained during the CTZ field experiments. Comparison of simulations with data provided insight into the role of the biological and physical processes in determining the development of the subsurface chlorophyll maximum and other related features. In both studies, the vertical velocities experienced by a simulated Lagrangian drifter as it was advected offshore while entrained within a filament played a major role in determining the depth to which the euphotic zone and the chlorophyll maximum developed. Also, as the drifters moved offshore, the food web changed from a coastal, neritic food web to an offshore, oligotrophic food web due to the decrease in nutrient availability. The temporal development of the food web constituents following the simulated drifters was dependent upon the environment to which the drifter was exposed. For example, the amount of time upwelled or downwelled and the initial location in the CTZ region greatly affected the development of the food web.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/96JC01720
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 1996
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