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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2001
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans Vol. 106, No. C7 ( 2001-07-15), p. 13903-13915
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 106, No. C7 ( 2001-07-15), p. 13903-13915
    Abstract: During austral summer 1997, satellite imagery revealed enhanced chlorophyll associated with the Antarctic Polar Front at 170°W. Phytoplankton growth conditions during the early stages of the spring increase were investigated on the Antarctic Environment and Southern Ocean Process Study Survey I cruise using flow cytometry (FCM) and microscopy to characterize community biomass, composition and biological stratification and dilution experiments to estimate growth and grazing rates. Physical and biological measures showed a general shoaling of mixed layer depth from ∼200 to 〈 100 m from late October to early November. Plankton assemblages on the southern side of the frontal jet (∼0°C waters) differed from those on the northern side (∼2°C) in enhanced relative importance of larger ( 〉 20 μm) cells, greater contributions of diatoms and ciliates, and a twofold higher ratio of protistan grazers to photoautotrophs. Phytoplankton community growth rates from incubations at 10 and 23% of surface incident light showed good agreement between high‐performance liquid chromatography estimates of chlorophyll a (Chl a ) (0.20 d −1 ) and FCM cell‐based (0.21 d −1 ) results. Fucoxanthin‐based estimates for diatoms were 0.24 d −1 . Mean estimates of microzooplankton grazing from the three phytoplankton measures were 0.16, 0.12, and 0.11 d −1 , respectively. Heterotrophs typically consumed 40–100% of their body carbon per day and thus presumably grew at rates similar to phytoplankton. The low net rates of Chl a increase in shipboard bottle incubations (0.04 d −1 ) were consistent with the slow downstream accumulation of phytoplankton biomass (0.03 d −1 ) as measured with instrumented Lagrangian drifters through the month of November. Both were slightly less than the net rate estimates from SeaSoar surveys (0.05 d −1 ) because of the effects of pigment photoadaptation (bleaching) during this time of increasing light level and water column stratification.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2001
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  • 2
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 106, No. C4 ( 2001-04-15), p. 7181-7182
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2001
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2000
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans Vol. 105, No. C12 ( 2000-12-15), p. 28723-28739
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 105, No. C12 ( 2000-12-15), p. 28723-28739
    Abstract: Continuous records of upper water column (0–150 m) temperature profiles, spectral distribution of down welling irradiance, and phytoplankton solar‐induced fluorescence at 25 m depth were obtained during the inaugural deployment of the Hawaii Air‐sea Logging Experiment, A Long‐term Oligotrophic Habitat Assessment (HALE ALOHA) mooring, near the Hawaii Ocean Time‐series (HOT) Station ALOHA (22°45′N; 158°00′W). The temperature record showed a strong upwelling event in March–April 1997, displacing the thermocline by 120 m. Remote sensing satellite (NSCAT and TOPEX/ERS 2) analyses suggest that the observed upwelling was a result of strong wind divergence and the passage of a cyclonic eddy through the HOT program study area. At the onset of the upwelling event increases in colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) and chlorophyll fluorescence efficiency in the upper water column were detected by changes in the spectral distribution of the down welling irradiance. The 0–25 m mean chlorophyll a (chl a ) concentration increased threefold toward the end of the upwelling period. Water column samples collected during the monthly HOT cruises also indicate that the relative contribution of diatoms to total chl a increased twofold inside the eddy. The long‐term temporal variability in frequency and intensity of these poorly resolved mesoscale events might be key factors determining the structure of the pelagic ecosystem in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. Integrating multi‐year remote sensing satellite, moored, and vessel‐based time series records permits a quantification of the spatial and temporal scale of upper water column perturbations and the characterization of the pelagic ecosystem response at various timescales.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2000
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 1990
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans Vol. 95, No. C6 ( 1990-06-15), p. 9393-9409
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 95, No. C6 ( 1990-06-15), p. 9393-9409
    Abstract: A Lagrangian drifter was deployed in a cold filament off northern California as part of the Coastal Transition Zone program. The drifter was equipped with an optical package (consisting of a spectroradiometer, a fluorometer, and a beam transmissometer) suspended at 8.5‐m depth and a water sampler suspended at 16.3‐m depth. The drifter was recovered after 8 days. Optical, chemical, and biological properties changed considerably as the drifter moved offshore in the cold filament. Concentrations of phytoplankton chlorophyll increased rapidly in the first 2 days, in parallel with the disappearance of nitrate and nitrite. After this initial period, chlorophyll decreased gradually over the next 6 days with prominent diurnal fluctuations present in the last 3 days. Water transparency also showed similar long‐term as well as diurnal fluctuations. The phytoplankton community became increasingly dominated by large centric diatoms throughout the deployment. Although total cell volume was higher towards the middle of the deployment, this increase occurred without a parallel increase in chlorophyll. In addition, total particulate concentrations were highest nearshore. Although the drifter slippage was approximately 1 cm/s, the biological, chemical, and physical characteristics of the water were affected by both in situ changes and vertical motions of the water. These results are generally consistent with results from other up welling studies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 1990
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2019
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface Vol. 124, No. 7 ( 2019-07), p. 1798-1816
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 124, No. 7 ( 2019-07), p. 1798-1816
    Abstract: Seismic velocity trends reveal a clear seasonal cycle with short timescale changes highlighting the importance of infiltration events Velocity increases during the zero‐curtain time period provide a unique look into the freezing process and ice formation rates Passive seismic monitoring shows great potential for spatiotemporal monitoring of subsurface dynamics in permafrost environments
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2169-9003 , 2169-9011
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2019
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2017
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters Vol. 44, No. 9 ( 2017-05-16), p. 4018-4026
    In: Geophysical Research Letters, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 44, No. 9 ( 2017-05-16), p. 4018-4026
    Abstract: Cycle‐skipping prevents use of moving window cross‐spectral analysis to track large seismic velocity changes in the permafrost active‐layer Using a moving reference greatly reduces cycle‐skipping in moving window cross‐spectral analysis Seismic interferometry can potentially provide valuable spatiotemporal monitoring in permafrost
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0094-8276 , 1944-8007
    URL: Issue
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2017
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 1995
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans Vol. 100, No. C7 ( 1995-07-15), p. 13345-13367
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 100, No. C7 ( 1995-07-15), p. 13345-13367
    Abstract: A drifter equipped with bio‐optical sensors and an automated water sampler was deployed in the California Current as part of the coastal transition zone program to study the biological, chemical, and physical dynamics of the meandering filaments. During deployments in 1987 and 1988, measurements were made of fluorescence, downwelling irradiance, upwelling radiance, and beam attenuation using several bio‐optical sensors. Samples were collected by an automated sampler for later analysis of nutrients and phytoplankton species composition. Largescale spatial and temporal changes in the bio‐optical and biological properties of the region were driven by changes in phytoplankton species composition which, in turn, were associated with the meandering circulation. Variance spectra of the bio‐optical parameters revealed fluctuations on both diel and semidiurnal scales, perhaps associated with solar variations and internal tides, respectively. Offshore, inertial‐scale fluctuations were apparent in the variance spectra of temperature, fluorescence, and beam attenuation. Although calibration samples can help remove some of these variations, these results suggest that the use of bio‐optical data from unattended platforms such as moorings and drifters must be analyzed carefully. Characterization of the scales of phytoplankton variability must account for the scales of variability in the algorithms used to convert bio‐optical measurements into biological quantities.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 1995
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2007
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research Vol. 112, No. C4 ( 2007-04-26)
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 112, No. C4 ( 2007-04-26)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2007
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  • 9
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 96, No. C8 ( 1991-08-15), p. 14707-14730
    Abstract: Physical and biological fields in the coastal transition zone off northern California were measured during February, March, May and June 1987 in an extended alongshore region between 60 km and 150 km offshore. The spring transition, as seen in coastal sea level and winds, occurred in mid‐March. Surface variability during the two spring cruises was stronger and of larger scale than that seen during the two winter cruises. An equatorward‐tending current, flowing along the boundary between low steric sea level inshore and high steric sea level offshore, dominated both the directly‐measured (acoustic Doppler current profiler) and geostrophic current fields during spring. Current jets of comparable strength directed both offshore and onshore were seen off Cape Mendocino and Point Arena; these evolved significantly in the 3 weeks between cruises. Inshore of the current, properties associated with upwelled water were found near the surface, including low temperature and high salinity, nutrients and chlorophyll; offshore of the current, waters were warmer, less saline, lower in nutrients and more oligotrophic. Geostrophic and directly measured volume transports in the current were about 2–3 Sv. Isopycnals inshore of the spring upwelling front were displaced vertically by O (40–80 m) from their depths during the winter survey; these displacements extended deep into the water column and were largely independent of depth between 100 and 400 m. Surface mixed layers tended to be deep in winter and shallower inshore of the upwelling front in spring. A connection between the equatorward‐tending frontal jet off northern California and the more well‐studied California Current further south is suggested by the similarity of their transports and of their dynamic height values.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 1991
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 1991
    In:  Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union Vol. 72, No. 46 ( 1991-11-12), p. 505-510
    In: Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 72, No. 46 ( 1991-11-12), p. 505-510
    Abstract: Responding to directions from the EOS Engineering Review Committee [ Frieman , 1991] and Congress, the Payload Advisory Panel for NASA's Earth Observing System (EOS) has proposed a restructured EOS to address high‐priority science and environmental policy issues in Earth system science. The panel, which met at a workshop October 21–24 in Easton, Md., is comprised of the EOS interdisciplinary investigators and chaired by Berrien Moore of the University of New Hampshire. The panel's recommendations were submitted to NASA last week. Although the panel's recommended EOS program remains ambitious, it is reduced from the original plan proposed last year. While EOS will retain its emphasis on collecting observations over a 15‐year period, many important measurements are cancelled, deferred, or proposed for provision by international partners. For many measurements, EOS will now rely on international or domestic instruments that are less capable than those originally selected. Some risk is associated with such reliance, and continuity may be endangered.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0096-3941 , 2324-9250
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 1991
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