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  • 1
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    Tropical Atlantic climate response to low-latitude and extratropical sea-surface temperature : a Little Ice Age perspective (2010)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2009. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geophysical Research Letters 36 (2009): L11703, doi:10.1029/2009GL038677.
    Description: Proxy reconstructions and model simulations suggest that steeper interhemispheric sea surface temperature (SST) gradients lead to southerly Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) migrations during periods of North Atlantic cooling, the most recent of which was the Little Ice Age (LIA; ∼100–450 yBP). Evidence suggesting low-latitude Atlantic cooling during the LIA was relatively small (〈1°C) raises the possibility that the ITCZ may have responded to a hemispheric SST gradient originating in the extratropics. We use an atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) to investigate the relative influence of low-latitude and extratropical SSTs on the meridional position of the ITCZ. Our results suggest that the ITCZ responds primarily to local, low-latitude SST anomalies and that small cool anomalies (〈0.5°C) can reproduce the LIA precipitation pattern suggested by paleoclimate proxies. Conversely, even large extratropical cooling does not significantly impact low-latitude hydrology in the absence of ocean-atmosphere interaction.
    Description: This work was supported by NSF grants OCE 0623364 and ATM 033746 as well as the student research fund of MIT’s Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Science.
    Keywords: Climate ; ITCZ ; Little Ice Age
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and characterization of polycarbonates based on bisphenol S by melt transesterification (1997)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 35 (1997), S. 2453-2460 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: polycarbonate, bisphenol S ; melt transesterification ; diphenyl carbonate ; oxyethylene ; inherent viscosity ; solubility ; tensile strength ; contact angle ; DSC ; TGA ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Several sulfone-containing polycarbonates, having inherent viscosity 0.25-0.30 dL g-1 in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), were prepared by melt polycondensation of diphenyl carbonate (DPC) with various aromatic and aliphatic diols, in the presence of zinc acetate as transesterification catalyst. The polycarbonates were examined with IR spectra, inherent viscosity, solubility, tensile strength, contact angle, DSC and TGA. Almost all polymers were soluble in DMF, pyridine, N-methyl pyrrolidinone (NMP), THF, phenol and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), partially soluble in nitrobenzene, but insoluble in acetone. Polycarbonate with introduced ether linkages leads to enhanced flexibility and elongation strength. The contact angle of the polycarbonate based on bisphenol S was found in the range 42-80°, smaller than that of polycarbonates based on bisphenol AF and bisphenol A. The wettability of polycarbonate films based on bisphenol S remarkably increased with increasing oxyethylene unit in polymer chain. The smaller values of Td of PC-3-PC-7 than of PC-1 is attributed to the flexible ether linkage. The thermal stability of a brominated aromatic polycarbonate (PC-2) is less than that of the unbrominated one (PC-1). The brominated aromatic polycarbonate (PC-2) has good flame retardency, as indicated by the large limiting oxygen index 56. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 35: 2453-2460, 1997
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Light microscopy of the pineal organ of two primitive lizards, Platyurus platyurus and Hemidactylus frenatus (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 206 (1983), S. 283-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092060306
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  • 4
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    IJERPH, Vol. 11, Pages 4652-4663: Promoting Positive Psychology Using Social Networking Sites: A Study of New College Entrants on Facebook (2014)
    MDPI Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-04-30
    Description: This study explores the potential of promoting college students’ positive psychological development using popular online social networks. Online social networks have dramatically changed the ways college students manage their social relationships. Social network activities, such as checking Facebook posts dominates students’ Internet time and has the potential to assist students’ positive development. Positive psychology is a scientific study of how ordinary individuals can apply their strength effectively when facing objective difficulties and how this capability can be cultivated with certain approaches. A positive message delivery approach was designed for a group of new college entrants. A series of positive messages was edited by university counselors and delivered by students to their Facebook social groups. Responses from each posted positive messages were collected and analyzed by researchers. The responses indicated that: (1) relationships of individual engagement and social influence in this study can partially explain the observed student behavior; (2) using class-based social groups can promote a positive atmosphere to enhance strong-tie relationships in both the physical and virtual environments, and (3) promoting student’s positive attitudes can substantially impact adolescents’ future developments, and many positive attitudes can be cultivated by emotional events and social influence.
    Print ISSN: 1661-7827
    Electronic ISSN: 1660-4601
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Published by MDPI Publishing
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  • 5
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    Sustainability, Vol. 10, Pages 2329: Evaluating Social Performance of Construction Projects: An Empirical Study (2018)
    MDPI Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-07-06
    Description: Sustainability, Vol. 10, Pages 2329: Evaluating Social Performance of Construction Projects: An Empirical Study Sustainability doi: 10.3390/su10072329 Authors: Xiaer Xiahou Yuchun Tang Jingfeng Yuan Tengyuan Chang Ping Liu Qiming Li The concept of sustainable development is gaining increasing popularity in construction industry. Previous studies have prioritized on the sustainable performance of construction projects from perspectives of economy and environment, social performance of construction projects has not drawn much attention. Social performance of construction projects refers to the extent which the projects meet the needs of current and future generations. Therefore, social performance of construction projects is critical for project success as well as social sustainability. However, a systematic framework for evaluating social performance of construction projects is absent. At the same time, existing methods are time-consuming and subject to certain degree of subjectivity. To overcome these limitations, the fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (FAHP) method is introduced in this paper to evaluate social performance of construction projects. A real-world hospital redevelopment project was employed as an empirical study to develop the systematic framework for social performance evaluation using FAHP method. By analyzing previous studies and the hospital redevelopment project, a systematic framework with 18 indicators of five dimensions (i.e., socio-economy development, socio-environment development, social flexibility, public service development, and environment and resource conservation) was developed. Social performance of two proposed schemes for hospital redevelopment project were evaluated using the FAHP approach. Results show Scheme 2 has a relative higher social performance sore than that of Scheme 1 and the hospital redevelopment project would improve socio-economy development, socio-environment development, social flexibility, and public service development, while it brings challenges to environment and resource conservation. More seriously, results indicate the hospital project may threaten healthcare and disease prevention of the local communities. Therefore, more measures should be taken to improve social performance of the hospital redevelopment project. The empirical study shows the proposed framework using FAHP method is viable for conducting social performance evaluation of construction projects, which could be helpful to improve social performance, reduce negative social impacts, and contribute to the social sustainability of construction projects.
    Electronic ISSN: 2071-1050
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by MDPI Publishing
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  • 6
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    Sensors, Vol. 11, Pages 7763-7772: A Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Network Gas Sensing Device (2011)
    MDPI Publishing
    In: Sensors
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-09
    Description: The goal of this research was to develop a chemical gas sensing device based on single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) networks. The SWCNT networks are synthesized on Al2O3-deposted SiO2/Si substrates with 10 nm-thick Fe as the catalyst precursor layer using microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD). The development of interconnected SWCNT networks can be exploited to recognize the identities of different chemical gases by the strength of their particular surface adsorptive and desorptive responses to various types of chemical vapors. The physical responses on the surface of the SWCNT networks cause superficial changes in the electric charge that can be converted into electronic signals for identification. In this study, we tested NO2 and NH3 vapors at ppm levels at room temperature with our self-made gas sensing device, which was able to obtain responses to sensitivity changes with a concentration of 10 ppm for NO2 and 24 ppm for NH3.
    Electronic ISSN: 1424-8220
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by MDPI Publishing
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  • 7
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    Preparation and magnetic properties of CoWO4 nanocrystals (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-07-05
    Description: Cobalt tungstate (CoWO 4 ) nanocrystals with an average size of 20–50 nm were synthesized via a template- or surfactant-free hydrothermal route. The crystal structure and morphology of the as-synthesized CoWO 4 sample were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Magnetic measurements on the as-synthesized CoWO 4 nanocrystals indicate a Néel temperature ( T N ) of ∼40 K. This lower T N may be a result of the nanostructured particles that reduce the exchange coupling. The new synthetic route presented in this paper has potential applications to fabricate other metal tungstates (MWO 4 ) materials.
    Print ISSN: 0232-1300
    Electronic ISSN: 1521-4079
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 8
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    Heteronemin is a novel c-Met/STAT3 inhibitor against advanced prostate cancer cells (2016)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    In: Prostate
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-07-16
    Description: BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers in men worldwide. Aberrant activation of c-Met/signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) signaling is involved in prostate carcinogenesis, underscoring the demand for developing c-Met/STAT3-targeting drugs. Thus, we first utilized virtual screening strategy to identify STAT3-inhibiting marine compound, heteronemin, and then validated the STAT3-inhibiting function of heteronemin in prostate cancer cells. METHODS Human prostate cancer LNCaP, DU145, and PC-3 cell lines were treated with heteronemin for 24 hr, then the cell viability was evaluated by MTT assay. Flow cytometry was performed to analyze the apoptosis in heteronemin-treated cells. Western blot and quantitative real-time PCR were executed to further confirm the c-Met/STAT3 signaling inhibition by heteronemin in DU145 and PC-3 cells. RESULTS In this study, we employed the virtual screening strategy to identify heteronemin, a spongean sesterterpene, as a potential STAT3 inhibitor from Taiwan marine drugs library. Application of heteronemin potently suppressed the viability and anchorage-independent growth of human prostate cancer cells. Besides, heteronemin induced apoptosis in prostate cancer cells by activation of both intrinsic (caspase-9) and extrinsic (caspase-8) apoptotic pathways. By luciferase assay and expression analysis, it was confirmed that heteronemin inhibited the phosphorylation of c-Met/src/STAT3 signaling axis, STAT3-driven luciferase activities and expression of STAT3-regulated genes including Bcl-xL, Bcl-2, and Cyclin D1. Finally, heteronemin effectively antagonized the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-stimulated c-Met/STAT3 activation as well as the proliferation and colonies formation in refractory prostate cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that heteronemin may constitute a novel c-Met/STAT3-targeting agent for prostate cancer. Prostate © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
    Print ISSN: 0270-4137
    Electronic ISSN: 1097-0045
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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