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  • 1
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    Rapid sea level rise and ice sheet response to 8,200-year climate event (2010)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2007. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geophysical Research Letters 34 (2007): L20603, doi:10.1029/2007GL031318.
    Description: The largest abrupt climatic reversal of the Holocene interglacial, the cooling event 8.6–8.2 thousand years ago (ka), was probably caused by catastrophic release of glacial Lake Agassiz-Ojibway, which slowed Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) and cooled global climate. Geophysical surveys and sediment cores from Chesapeake Bay reveal the pattern of sea level rise during this event. Sea level rose ~14 m between 9.5 to 7.5 ka, a pattern consistent with coral records and the ICE-5G glacio-isostatic adjustment model. There were two distinct periods at ~8.9–8.8 and ~8.2–7.6 ka when Chesapeake marshes were drown as sea level rose rapidly at least ~12 mm yr−1. The latter event occurred after the 8.6–8.2 ka cooling event, coincided with extreme warming and vigorous AMOC centered on 7.9 ka, and may have been due to Antarctic Ice Sheet decay.
    Description: Cronin, Willard, Thunell, Berke supported by USGS Earth Surface Dynamics Program; Vogt and Pohlman by Office of Naval Research; Halka by MGS.
    Keywords: Sea-level rise ; Holocene ; 8.2 ka event
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 2
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    The Medieval Climate Anomaly and Little Ice Age in Chesapeake Bay and the North Atlantic Ocean (2010)
    Elsevier B.V.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: This paper is not subject to U.S. copyright. The definitive version was published in Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 297 (2010): 299-310, doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.08.009.
    Description: A new 2400-year paleoclimate reconstruction from Chesapeake Bay (CB) (eastern US) was compared to other paleoclimate records in the North Atlantic region to evaluate climate variability during the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) and Little Ice Age (LIA). Using Mg/Ca ratios from ostracodes and oxygen isotopes from benthic foraminifera as proxies for temperature and precipitation-driven estuarine hydrography, results show that warmest temperatures in CB reached 16–17 °C between 600 and 950 CE (Common Era), centuries before the classic European Medieval Warm Period (950–1100 CE) and peak warming in the Nordic Seas (1000–1400 CE). A series of centennial warm/cool cycles began about 1000 CE with temperature minima of ~ 8 to 9 °C about 1150, 1350, and 1650–1800 CE, and intervening warm periods (14–15 °C) centered at 1200, 1400, 1500 and 1600 CE. Precipitation variability in the eastern US included multiple dry intervals from 600 to 1200 CE, which contrasts with wet medieval conditions in the Caribbean. The eastern US experienced a wet LIA between 1650 and 1800 CE when the Caribbean was relatively dry. Comparison of the CB record with other records shows that the MCA and LIA were characterized by regionally asynchronous warming and complex spatial patterns of precipitation, possibly related to ocean–atmosphere processes.
    Keywords: Medieval Climate Anomaly ; Little Ice Age ; Chesapeake Bay ; Holocene climate
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 3
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    Western Arctic Ocean temperature variability during the last 8000 years (2012)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2011. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geophysical Research Letters 38 (2011): L24602, doi:10.1029/2011GL049714.
    Description: We reconstructed subsurface (∼200–400 m) ocean temperature and sea-ice cover in the Canada Basin, western Arctic Ocean from foraminiferal δ18O, ostracode Mg/Ca ratios, and dinocyst assemblages from two sediment core records covering the last 8000 years. Results show mean temperature varied from −1 to 0.5°C and −0.5 to 1.5°C at 203 and 369 m water depths, respectively. Centennial-scale warm periods in subsurface temperature records correspond to reductions in summer sea-ice cover inferred from dinocyst assemblages around 6.5 ka, 3.5 ka, 1.8 ka and during the 15th century Common Era. These changes may reflect centennial changes in the temperature and/or strength of inflowing Atlantic Layer water originating in the eastern Arctic Ocean. By comparison, the 0.5 to 0.7°C warm temperature anomaly identified in oceanographic records from the Atlantic Layer of the Canada Basin exceeded reconstructed Atlantic Layer temperatures for the last 1200 years by about 0.5°C.
    Description: J.R.F., T.M.C., and R.C.T. thank support by USGS Global Change Program, G.S.D. thanks support from the USGS Global Change Program and the NSF Office of Polar Programs, A.d.V. thanks support by Fond québécois de la recherché sur la nature et les technologies (FQRNT) and the Ministere du Développement économique, innovation et exportation (MDEIE) of Quebec.
    Description: 2012-06-17
    Keywords: Arctic Ocean ; Atlantic Layer ; Temperature ; Variability
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Format: application/postscript
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  • 4
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    The mighty Susquehanna-extreme floods in Eastern North America during the past two millennia (2019)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-26
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2019. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geophysical Research Letters 46(6), (2019):3398-3407, doi:10.1029/2018GL080890.
    Description: The hazards posed by infrequent major floods to communities along the Susquehanna River and the ecological health of Chesapeake Bay remain largely unconstrained due to the short length of streamgage records. Here we develop a history of high‐flow events on the Susquehanna River during the late Holocene from flood deposits contained in MD99‐2209, a sediment core recovered in 26 m of water from Chesapeake Bay near Annapolis, Maryland, United States. We identify coarse‐grained deposits left by Hurricane Agnes (1972) and the Great Flood of 1936, as well as during three intervals that predate instrumental flood records (~1800–1500, 1300–1100, and 400–0 CE). Comparison to sedimentary proxy data (pollen and ostracode Mg/Ca ratios) from the same core site indicates that prehistoric flooding on the Susquehanna often accompanied cooler‐than‐usual winter/spring temperatures near Chesapeake Bay—typical of negative phases of the North Atlantic Oscillation and conditions thought to foster hurricane landfalls along the East Coast.
    Description: This work was supported by the USGS Land Change Science Program and Northeast Region. We appreciated the assistance of Brian Buczkowski, Andrew Zimmerman, and John Bratton in locating archived core materials and data sets. We thank John Jackson and Bryan Landacre for assistance with XRD and pollen analysis, respectively. We thank two anonymous reviewers, Lynn Wingard (USGS), and Rob Stamm (USGS) for their helpful feedback on earlier versions of this manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Data generated for this report can be found in the accompanying supporting information.
    Description: 2019-08-19
    Keywords: Hurricane ; Flood ; Holocene ; East coast ; River ; Chesapeake
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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