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  • 1
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    Relation of Steroid Hormones to Glucose Tolerance and Plasma Insulin Levels in Men: Importance of visceral adipose tissue
    American Diabetes Association ; 1995
    In:  Diabetes Care Vol. 18, No. 3 ( 1995-03-01), p. 292-299
    Details
    In: Diabetes Care, American Diabetes Association, Vol. 18, No. 3 ( 1995-03-01), p. 292-299
    Abstract: Low plasma testosterone levels are associated with hyperinsulinemia and glucose intolerance in men. However, it is unclear whether these abnormalities are related to the concomitant alteration in regional adipose tissue (AT) accumulation associated with reduced androgen levels. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We measured plasma steroid levels in a sample of 79 men, ranging from lean to obese (aged 29–42 years), for whom an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), anthropometrie and computed tomography (CT) measurements of body fatness, and AT distribution were performed. Sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and the following steroids were measured after extraction from plasma and chromatography: dehydro-epiandrosterone, androstenedione, androst–5–ene–3β,17β–diol, testosterone, estrone, and estradiol (E2). RESULTS Several significant negative correlations were found between adrenal C19 steroid precursors, testosterone, SHBG, and fasting insulin levels, as well as between plasma glucose and insulin concentrations measured during the OGTT (−0.25 ≤ r ≤ −0.35, 0.05 ≥ P ≥ 0.001). The best steroid correlate of plasma glucose and insulin homeostasis indexes was the E2: testosterone ratio (0.34 ≤ r ≤ 0.42,0.005 ≥ P ≥ 0.001). However, after correction of steroid levels for either fat mass, body mass index (BMI), or visceral AT area, as measured by CT, no significant residual associations were noted between testosterone, adrenal C19 steroid, SHBG, and estrogen levels and indexes of plasma glucose-insulin homeostasis, although the positive association between the E2:testosterone ratio and glucose area remained significant after adjustment for total body fat mass and BMI. Furthermore, 15 pairs of obese subjects, matched for visceral AT area, showing either low or high levels of the steroids studied, did not differ in fasting insulin and postglucose plasma insulin levels or in glucose tolerance. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the previously reported relationships between androgen levels and indexes of plasma glucose-insulin homeostasis are mediated, to a large extent, by concomitant alterations in levels of total body fat and visceral AT in men.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0149-5992 , 1935-5548
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2337/diacare.18.3.292
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Diabetes Association
    Publication Date: 1995
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  • 2
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    Bariatric Surgery Rapidly Decreases Cardiac Dietary Fatty Acid Partitioning and Hepatic Insulin Resistance Through Increased Intra-abdominal Adipose Tissue Storage and Reduced Spillover in Type 2 Diabetes
    American Diabetes Association ; 2020
    In:  Diabetes Vol. 69, No. 4 ( 2020-04-01), p. 567-577
    Details
    In: Diabetes, American Diabetes Association, Vol. 69, No. 4 ( 2020-04-01), p. 567-577
    Abstract: Reduced storage of dietary fatty acids (DFAs) in abdominal adipose tissues with enhanced cardiac partitioning has been shown in subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and prediabetes. We measured DFA metabolism and organ partitioning using positron emission tomography with oral and intravenous long-chain fatty acid and glucose tracers during a standard liquid meal in 12 obese subjects with T2D before and 8–12 days after bariatric surgery (sleeve gastrectomy or sleeve gastrectomy and biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch). Bariatric surgery reduced cardiac DFA uptake from a median (standard uptake value [SUV]) 1.75 (interquartile range 1.39–2.57) before to 1.09 (1.04–1.53) after surgery (P = 0.01) and systemic DFA spillover from 56.7 mmol before to 24.7 mmol over 6 h after meal intake after surgery (P = 0.01), with a significant increase in intra-abdominal adipose tissue DFA uptake from 0.15 (0.04–0.31] before to 0.49 (0.20–0.59) SUV after surgery (P = 0.008). Hepatic insulin resistance was significantly reduced in close association with increased DFA storage in intra-abdominal adipose tissues (r = −0.79, P = 0.05) and reduced DFA spillover (r = 0.76, P = 0.01). We conclude that bariatric surgery in subjects with T2D rapidly reduces cardiac DFA partitioning and hepatic insulin resistance at least in part through increased intra-abdominal DFA storage and reduced spillover.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0012-1797 , 1939-327X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2337/db19-0773
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Diabetes Association
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 3
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    Early Effects of Sleeve Gastrectomy (SG) on Systemic and Organ-Specific Dietary Fatty Acid Uptake, Postprandial Free Fatty Acids (FFA), and Glucose Metabolism in Type 2 Diabetes (T2D)
    American Diabetes Association ; 2018
    In:  Diabetes Vol. 67, No. Supplement_1 ( 2018-07-01)
    Details
    In: Diabetes, American Diabetes Association, Vol. 67, No. Supplement_1 ( 2018-07-01)
    Abstract: Postprandial dietary fatty acid (FA) biodistribution is impaired in subjects with glucose intolerance, with decreased FA storage in adipose tissues (AT) and increased FA uptake by the myocardium. These abnormalities are improved after 1 year of lifestyle-induced weight loss. Bariatric surgery leads to early metabolic improvements before weight loss, but the early effects on dietary FA metabolism and biodistribution have never been studied. 9 subjects with T2D underwent a 6-hour postprandial metabolic protocol before and 12 days after SG. A liquid meal containing [U-13C]-palmitate and [2H] -glucose was ingested at time 0, with an IV perfusion of [3H]-glucose and [7,7,8,8-2H] -palmitate, allowing quantification of glucose absorption, endogenous glucose production (EGP), lipolysis and dietary FA spillover. A capsule containing a positron-emitting long-chain FA analog (18FTHA) was taken with the meal for the quantification of organ-specific dietary FA uptake using PET/CT (n=6). Twelve days after SG, whole body and hepatic insulin sensitivity increased significantly whereas fasting and postprandial EGP decreased. Postprandial GLP-1, GIP, PYY and glucagon were higher after vs. before SG. Postprandial AUC of FFA (175 vs. 228 mmol/Lx min; p & lt; 0.05) and total FA oxidation were higher (p & lt; 0.02 from 180 min to 360 min), but dietary FA oxidation was reduced after SG (p & lt; 0.002 from 180 min to 360 min). After SG, uptake of dietary FA 6 hours after the meal was reduced in the myocardium (mean SUV 2.07± 0.66 vs. 1.36± 0.44; p=0.06) and was increased in visceral AT (mean SUV 0.24± 0.2 vs. 0.42± 0.2; p=0.03), without changes in other organs. In conclusion, there is reduced myocardial and increased visceral AT uptake of dietary FA associated with reduced dietary FA oxidation and increased FFA mobilization and oxidation, concomitant with reduced EGP and insulin sensitization in patients with T2D early after SG. Disclosure A. Carreau: None. C. Noll: None. B. Guerin: None. L. Biertho: Advisory Panel; Self; Novo Nordisk Inc.. Consultant; Self; Johnson & Johnson Services, Inc., Valeant Pharmaceuticals International, Inc.. E.E. Turcotte: None. A. Tchernof: Research Support; Self; Johnson & Johnson Services, Inc., Medtronic. A. Carpentier: Consultant; Self; UniQure, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Siemens. Research Support; Self; Caprion, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., GlaxoSmithKline plc., Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Sanofi-Aventis, Pfizer Inc., Novo Nordisk Inc., Exelixis, Amgen Inc..
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0012-1797 , 1939-327X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2337/db18-150-OR
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Diabetes Association
    Publication Date: 2018
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  • 4
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    The ApoB-100 Gene Eco RI Polymorphism Influences the Relationship Between Features of the Insulin Resistance Syndrome and the Hyper-ApoB and Dense LDL Phenotype in Men
    American Diabetes Association ; 1996
    In:  Diabetes Vol. 45, No. 10 ( 1996-10-01), p. 1405-1411
    Details
    In: Diabetes, American Diabetes Association, Vol. 45, No. 10 ( 1996-10-01), p. 1405-1411
    Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate whether the EcoRI polymorphism of the apolipoprotein B (apoB) gene influences the relationships between features of the insulin resistance syndrome and the dense LDL phenotype and apoB concentrations. A sample of 65 men was divided into two groups on the basis of the EcoRI genotype. Forty-four subjects were (+/+) homozygotes for the presence of the EcoRI restriction site that is associated with a glutamic acid at codon 4154. Twenty-one men were (+/−) heterozygotes for the absence of the restriction site resulting from a glutamic acid to a lysine substitution at codon 4154. In the (+/−) group, fasting plasma FFA levels were positively correlated with plasma apoB, LDL-apoB, and the LDL particle score that was calculated from the migration distances of LDL subspecies and their relative band intensities, reflecting the proportion of small dense LDL particles. However, these associations were not found among (+/+) subjects. The two genotypic groups were further divided into two subgroups on the basis of fasting FFA concentrations, and the LDL particle score and the LDL-apoB levels were compared. High FFA levels were associated with a higher proportion of small dense LDL particles, as reflected by a higher mean LDL particle score, irrespective of the genotype. However, the apoB-EcoRI polymorphism appeared to influence the association between high FFA levels and LDL-apoB concentrations because (+/−) heterozygotes with high FFA levels had higher LDL-apoB concentrations than (+/−) heterozygotes with low FFA levels. In addition, the integrated area under the curve of plasma insulin concentrations, measured in response to a 75-g oral glucose challenge, and the amount of visceral adipose tissue, measured by computed tomography, were positively associated with the LDL particle score only in (+/−) heterozygotes. When subjects were divided on the basis of insulin area (low vs. high) or visceral adipose tissue (low vs. high), (+/−) heterozygotes with high insulin area or with high levels of visceral adipose tissue had a higher mean LDL particle score than (+/−) heterozygotes with low insulin area or low visceral adipose tissue. However, among (+/+) homozygotes, low or high levels of insulin or visceral adipose tissue could not discriminate between men with large or small LDL particles. Therefore, (+/−) heterozygotes may be more susceptible to develop the dense LDL phenotype in presence of hyperinsulinemia and visceral obesity. Results of the present study suggest that the apoB-EcoRI polymorphism may exacerbate the alterations in the LDL particle (size and concentration) found among visceral obese-hyperinsulinemic men.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0012-1797 , 1939-327X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2337/diab.45.10.1405
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Diabetes Association
    Publication Date: 1996
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  • 5
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    Fatty Acid Metabolic Remodeling During Type 2 Diabetes Remission After Bariatric Surgery
    American Diabetes Association ; 2017
    In:  Diabetes Vol. 66, No. 11 ( 2017-11-01), p. 2743-2755
    Details
    In: Diabetes, American Diabetes Association, Vol. 66, No. 11 ( 2017-11-01), p. 2743-2755
    Abstract: Hypertrophic remodeling of white adipose tissues is associated with overexposure of lean organs to circulating triglycerides (TGs) and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs), ultimately leading to insulin resistance. Bariatric surgery promotes type 2 diabetes (T2D) remission through a succession of weight loss–dependent and –independent mechanisms. However, the longitudinal contribution of adipocyte size reduction and fatty acid metabolic handling remain unknown. Here we show that severely obese participants with T2D display hypertriglyceridemia and excessive systemic lipolysis during intravenous lipid overload. Three days after biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch (DS), whole-body glycerol turnover was normalized and associated with lower HOMA–insulin resistance index. A mean excess weight loss of 84% was achieved 12 months after DS. The smaller subcutaneous adipocyte size predicted better glycemic control in T2D. TG disposal and acylcarnitine production during lipid overload, along with muscle insulin sensitivity, improved with weight loss. Nevertheless, systemic NEFA fluxes and NEFA spillover remained similar, suggesting that increased NEFA storage capacity per volume of adipose tissue exactly compensated for the decrease in fat mass during weight loss. In conclusion, T2D remission after DS is mainly associated with greater circulating TG disposal, lower systemic lipolysis, and better fatty acid handling by lean tissues.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0012-1797 , 1939-327X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2337/db17-0414
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Diabetes Association
    Publication Date: 2017
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  • 6
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    2017-P: Gut Microbes after Bariatric Surgery in Humans Improve Glucose Control in Mice without Fat Loss
    American Diabetes Association ; 2019
    In:  Diabetes Vol. 68, No. Supplement_1 ( 2019-06-01)
    Details
    In: Diabetes, American Diabetes Association, Vol. 68, No. Supplement_1 ( 2019-06-01)
    Abstract: Bariatric surgery (BS) is the most efficacious treatment against severe obesity and T2D. Among bariatric procedures, biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch (BPD-DS) can produce superior metabolic benefits compared with other surgical options. The mechanisms by which BPD-DS improve metabolic health are not well-understood, but there is evidence implicating the gut microbiota (GM) as contributor to changes in adiposity and consequently blood glucose control. We aimed to determine how the GM before and after BPD-DS alter host metabolism. Fecal samples from female patients subjected to BPD-DS were collected before (pre-surgery) and 12 months after surgery (post-surgery) and used to colonize female C57BL6NTac mice housed either in germ-free (GF) or SPF conditions. Oral glucose tolerance (OGT) was assessed in mice 3 and 7 weeks post-colonization. Three weeks after fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), glucose tolerance was similar in GF mice receiving pre- and post-surgery fecal slurries. However, GF mice had lower glucose during OGT test 7 weeks after FMT derived from BPD-DS post-surgery compared to GF mice receiving pre-surgery fecal slurry. No changes in fat mass accretion were seen between pre- and post-surgery mice. SPF mice colonized with the fecal microbiota pre- and post-surgery showed no difference in glucose tolerance after 3 and 7 weeks of FMT. These data suggest that the GM after BPD-DS is an independent and transmissible contributor to improved host glucose control. Furthermore, while our data show that the mouse model (e.g., SPF vs. GF) dictates the glycemic response to FMT, exposure time (e.g., at least 7 weeks) is a key factor in microbe transmissible changes in glycemia. Disclosure F. Forato Anhê: None. K.P. Foley: None. N.G. Barra: None. B.M. Duggan: None. J.F. Cavallari: None. B.D. Henriksbo: None. P.D. Cani: Board Member; Self; A-Mansia Biotech. Consultant; Self; Biocodex, Pilèje, Valbiotis. Research Support; Self; Tate & Lyle. Stock/Shareholder; Self; A-Mansia Biotech, Enterosys. L. Biertho: None. A. Tchernof: Research Support; Self; Johnson & Johnson Medical Devices Companies, Medtronic, Pfizer Inc. A. Marette: Advisory Panel; Self; Plexus, Valbiotis. Consultant; Self; Danone Nutricia Research. J.D. Schertzer: None. Funding Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Diabetes Canada
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0012-1797 , 1939-327X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2337/db19-2017-P
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Diabetes Association
    Publication Date: 2019
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  • 7
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    The Dense LDL Phenotype: Association with plasma lipoprotein levels, visceral obesity, and hyperinsulinemia in men
    American Diabetes Association ; 1996
    In:  Diabetes Care Vol. 19, No. 6 ( 1996-06-01), p. 629-637
    Details
    In: Diabetes Care, American Diabetes Association, Vol. 19, No. 6 ( 1996-06-01), p. 629-637
    Abstract: To investigate the potential relationship between the cluster of metabolic abnormalities found in visceral obesity and the small dense LDL phenotype. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We have estimated LDL peak particle size by nondenaturing 2–16% gradient gel electrophoresis in a sample of 79 men. Glucose tolerance and fasting plasma insulin and lipoprotein levels were also measured. RESULTS The LDL particle score, calculated from migration, distances and relative band intensities and reflecting the proportion of small dense LDL particles, was positively correlated with plasma triglyceride (TG) (r = 0.60, P & lt; 0.0001) and negatively correlated with HDL cholesterol (r = −0.56, P & lt; 0.0001) levels. Although the LDL particle score was not associated with variations in plasma LDL cholesterol or LDL apolipoprotein (apo) B concentrations, it was significantly correlated with the LDL apo B–to–LDL cholesterol ratio (r = 0.60, P & lt; 0.0001). Fasting plasma insulin and visceral adipose tissue (AT) areas measured by computed tomography were weakly but significantly correlated with the LDL particle score (r = 0.23 and 0.29, respectively, P & lt; 0.05). LDL peak particle size showed similar but inverse correlations with anthropometric and metabolic variables. Subjects classified as having small dense LDL particles (by comparing subjects in the highest tertile versus those in the lowest tertile of the LDL particle score distribution) were characterized by increased plasma TG, reduced HDL cholesterol, higher fasting insulin levels, and elevated visceral AT accumulation. However, multiple regression analyses revealed that visceral AT accumulation was not an independent predictor of the dense LDL phenotype after inclusion of TG and HDL cholesterol levels and lipoprotein ratios in the model. CONCLUSIONS It thus appears that the high TG–low HDL cholesterol dyslipidemia frequently found in visceral obesity and in a hyperinsulinemic state is a strong correlate of the small dense LDL phenotype. Although associated with the dense LDL phenotype, visceral obesity and hyperinsulinemia were not independent predictors of an increased proportion of small dense LDL particles after controlling for TG and HDL cholesterol levels.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0149-5992 , 1935-5548
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2337/diacare.19.6.629
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Diabetes Association
    Publication Date: 1996
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  • 8
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    Identification of an Interactive Effect of β3- and α2b-Adrenoceptor Gene Polymorphisms on Fat Mass in Caucasian Women
    American Diabetes Association ; 2001
    In:  Diabetes Vol. 50, No. 1 ( 2001-01-01), p. 91-95
    Details
    In: Diabetes, American Diabetes Association, Vol. 50, No. 1 ( 2001-01-01), p. 91-95
    Abstract: Several adrenoceptor subtypes are expressed in adipocytes, which together exert their influence on adipocyte metabolism. Therefore, we specifically examined the interactive effect of Trp64Arg (β3) and Glu12/Glu9 (α2b) adrenoceptor (AR) polymorphisms on energy metabolism and body composition in healthy women with a wide range of body habitus. We genotyped 909 unrelated women (age 55 ± 12 [mean ± SD] years, range 19-87; body weight 88 ± 22 kg, range 40-167; and BMI 33 ± 8 kg/m2, range 16-64) for Trp64Arg β3AR and Glu12/Glu9 α2bAR variants. We examined the independent effect of the Glu12/Glu9 α2bAR variant on body composition and energy balance, in a large cohort of Caucasian women (n = 909). A second goal was to examine the interaction effect of Glu12/Glu9 α2bAR and Trp64Arg β3AR on the same phenotypes. The obesity-related phenotypes studied were as follows: body weight, BMI, fat mass, visceral fat, fat-free mass, resting metabolic rate (RMR), Vo2max, leisure time physical activity, and daily energy intake. Body composition and body fat distribution were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and radiographic imagery, Vo2max by a treadmill test to exhaustion, and RMR by indirect calorimetry. An analysis of covariance indicated that in the entire cohort, there was no significant difference between Glu12/Glu9 α2bAR carriers and control subjects for any of the obesity-related phenotypes that were examined. However, we observed a significant interaction effect of the Trp64Arg and Glu12/Glu9 variants on fat mass (P = 0.009) and percent fat (P = 0.016). Age, height, body weight, BMI, fat-free mass, visceral fat, energy expenditure, respiratory quotient, physical fitness, and energy intake were not different among groups. Collectively, these findings support an interaction effect of the two adrenoceptor variants on body fatness in Caucasian women, although the physiological mechanism by which they exert this effect remains to be determined.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0012-1797 , 1939-327X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.50.1.91
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Diabetes Association
    Publication Date: 2001
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  • 9
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    Visceral Adipocyte Hypertrophy is Associated With Dyslipidemia Independent of Body Composition and Fat Distribution in Women
    American Diabetes Association ; 2011
    In:  Diabetes Vol. 60, No. 5 ( 2011-05-01), p. 1504-1511
    Details
    In: Diabetes, American Diabetes Association, Vol. 60, No. 5 ( 2011-05-01), p. 1504-1511
    Abstract: We assessed whether subcutaneous and omental adipocyte hypertrophy are related to metabolic alterations independent of body composition and fat distribution in women. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Mean adipocyte diameter of paired subcutaneous and omental adipose tissue samples was obtained in lean to obese women. Linear regression models predicting adipocyte size in both adipose tissue depots were computed using body composition and fat distribution measures (n = 150). In a given depot, women with larger adipocytes than predicted by the regression were considered as having adipocyte hypertrophy, whereas women with smaller adipocytes than predicted were considered as having adipocyte hyperplasia. RESULTS Women characterized by omental adipocyte hypertrophy had higher plasma and VLDL triglyceride levels as well as a higher total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio compared with women characterized by omental adipocyte hyperplasia (P & lt; 0.05). Conversely, women characterized by subcutaneous adipocyte hypertrophy or hyperplasia showed a similar lipid profile. In logistic regression analyses, a 10% enlargement of omental adipocytes increased the risk of hypertriglyceridemia (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 4.06, P & lt; 0.001) independent of body composition and fat distribution measures. A 10% increase in visceral adipocyte number also raised the risk of hypertriglyceridemia (adjusted OR 1.55, P & lt; 0.02). Associations between adipocyte size and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance were not significant once adjusted for adiposity and body fat distribution. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that omental, but not subcutaneous, adipocyte hypertrophy is associated with an altered lipid profile independent of body composition and fat distribution in women.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0012-1797 , 1939-327X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2337/db10-1039
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Diabetes Association
    Publication Date: 2011
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  • 10
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    Contribution of Abdominal Adiposity to Age-Related Differences in Insulin Sensitivity and Plasma Lipids in Healthy Nonobese Women
    American Diabetes Association ; 2001
    In:  Diabetes Care Vol. 24, No. 5 ( 2001-05-01), p. 925-932
    Details
    In: Diabetes Care, American Diabetes Association, Vol. 24, No. 5 ( 2001-05-01), p. 925-932
    Abstract: OBJECTIVE—We examined the hypothesis that an age-related increase in the compartments of visceral fat would account, in part, for the deleterious changes in insulin sensitivity and blood lipid profile in nonobese women. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We directly assessed visceral and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue areas (computed tomography), glucose disposal (hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp), body composition (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry), blood-lipid profile, and aerobic fitness (Vo2max) in 178 nonobese women categorized into four age groups: group 1, 28 ± 4 years, n = 88; group 2, 46 ± 2 years, n = 38; group 3, 53 ± 2 years, n = 31; and group 4, 67 ± 6 years, n = 21. RESULTS—Visceral abdominal adipose tissue area increased with age (2.36 cm2 per year, P & lt; 0.0001). We noted an age-related increase in total cholesterol (P & lt; 0.0003), triglycerides (P & lt; 0.0009), LDL cholesterol (P & lt; 0.027), and the ratio of total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol (P & lt; 0.042). However, age-related changes in insulin sensitivity exhibited a different age-related pattern. That is, insulin sensitivity, expressed on an absolute basis or indexed per kilogram of fat-free mass, was lowest in group 4 but was not significantly different among groups 1, 2, and 3. After statistical control for visceral fat, lower insulin sensitivity persisted in group 4, although differences were diminished relative to other groups. However, the effect of visceral fat on age-related changes in the blood-lipid profile was stronger. That is, differences in visceral and deep subcutaneous adipose tissue area abolished age-related differences in total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL cholesterol. No independent effects of Vo2max or leisure-time physical activity on age-related changes in insulin sensitivity or on the blood–lipid profile were noted. CONCLUSIONS—We conclude that 1) visceral fat shows an increase with advancing age, whereas a decrease in insulin sensitivity was noted only in older women; 2) age-related differences in visceral fat explain only a modest part of the decline in insulin sensitivity in nonobese women; and 3) unfavorable changes in plasma lipids were strongly associated with the age-related increase in visceral abdominal adipose tissue.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0149-5992 , 1935-5548
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2337/diacare.24.5.925
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Diabetes Association
    Publication Date: 2001
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