GLORIA

GEOMAR Library Ocean Research Information Access

X

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Early Childhood Antibiotic Treatment for Otitis Media and Other Respiratory Tract Infections Is Associated With Risk of Type 1 Diabetes: A Nationwide Register-Based Study With Sibling Analysis
    American Diabetes Association ; 2020
    In:  Diabetes Care Vol. 43, No. 5 ( 2020-05-01), p. 991-999
    Details
    In: Diabetes Care, American Diabetes Association, Vol. 43, No. 5 ( 2020-05-01), p. 991-999
    Abstract: The effect of early-life antibiotic treatment on the risk of type 1 diabetes is debated. This study assessed this question, applying a register-based design in children up to age 10 years including a large sibling-control analysis. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS All singleton children (n = 797,318) born in Sweden between 1 July 2005 and 30 September 2013 were included and monitored to 31 December 2014. Cox proportional hazards models, adjusted for parental and perinatal characteristics, were applied, and stratified models were used to account for unmeasured confounders shared by siblings. RESULTS Type 1 diabetes developed in 1,297 children during the follow-up (median 4.0 years [range 0–8.3]). Prescribed antibiotics in the 1st year of life (23.8%) were associated with an increased risk of type 1 diabetes (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.19 [95% CI 1.05–1.36]), with larger effect estimates among children delivered by cesarean section (P for interaction = 0.016). The association was driven by exposure to antibiotics primarily used for acute otitis media and respiratory tract infections. Further, we found an ass ociation of antibiotic prescriptions in pregnancy (22.5%) with type 1 diabetes (adjusted HR 1.15 [95% CI 1.00–1.32]). In general, sibling analysis supported these results, albeit often with statistically nonsignificant associations. CONCLUSIONS Dispensed prescription of antibiotics, mainly for acute otitis media and respiratory tract infections, in the 1st year of life is associated with an increased risk of type 1 diabetes before age 10 years, most prominently in children delivered by cesarean section.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0149-5992 , 1935-5548
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2337/dc19-1162
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Diabetes Association
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1490520-6
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Age- and Sex-Specific Causal Effects of Adiposity on Cardiovascular Risk Factors
    American Diabetes Association ; 2015
    In:  Diabetes Vol. 64, No. 5 ( 2015-05-01), p. 1841-1852
    Details
    In: Diabetes, American Diabetes Association, Vol. 64, No. 5 ( 2015-05-01), p. 1841-1852
    Abstract: Observational studies have reported different effects of adiposity on cardiovascular risk factors across age and sex. Since cardiovascular risk factors are enriched in obese individuals, it has not been easy to dissect the effects of adiposity from those of other risk factors. We used a Mendelian randomization approach, applying a set of 32 genetic markers to estimate the causal effect of adiposity on blood pressure, glycemic indices, circulating lipid levels, and markers of inflammation and liver disease in up to 67,553 individuals. All analyses were stratified by age (cutoff 55 years of age) and sex. The genetic score was associated with BMI in both nonstratified analysis (P = 2.8 × 10−107) and stratified analyses (all P & lt; 3.3 × 10−30). We found evidence of a causal effect of adiposity on blood pressure, fasting levels of insulin, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides in a nonstratified analysis and in the & lt;55-year stratum. Further, we found evidence of a smaller causal effect on total cholesterol (P for difference = 0.015) in the ≥55-year stratum than in the & lt;55-year stratum, a finding that could be explained by biology, survival bias, or differential medication. In conclusion, this study extends previous knowledge of the effects of adiposity by providing sex- and age-specific causal estimates on cardiovascular risk factors.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0012-1797 , 1939-327X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2337/db14-0988
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Diabetes Association
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1501252-9
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effect of General Adiposity and Central Body Fat Distribution on the Circulating Metabolome: A Multicohort Nontargeted Metabolomics Observational and Mendelian Randomization Study
    American Diabetes Association ; 2022
    In:  Diabetes Vol. 71, No. 2 ( 2022-02-01), p. 329-339
    Details
    In: Diabetes, American Diabetes Association, Vol. 71, No. 2 ( 2022-02-01), p. 329-339
    Abstract: Obesity is associated with adverse health outcomes, but the metabolic effects have not yet been fully elucidated. We aimed to investigate the association between adiposity and circulating metabolites and to address causality with Mendelian randomization (MR). Metabolomics data were generated with nontargeted ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry in plasma and serum from three population-based Swedish cohorts: ULSAM (N = 1,135), PIVUS (N = 970), and TwinGene (N = 2,059). We assessed associations of general adiposity measured as BMI and central body fat distribution measured as waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI (WHRadjBMI) with 210 annotated metabolites. We used MR analysis to assess causal effects. Lastly, we attempted to replicate the MR findings in the KORA and TwinsUK cohorts (N = 7,373), the CHARGE Consortium (N = 8,631), the Framingham Heart Study (N = 2,076), and the DIRECT Consortium (N = 3,029). BMI was associated with 77 metabolites, while WHRadjBMI was associated with 11 and 3 metabolites in women and men, respectively. The MR analyses in the Swedish cohorts suggested a causal association (P value & lt;0.05) of increased general adiposity and reduced levels of arachidonic acid, dodecanedioic acid, and lysophosphatidylcholine (P-16:0) as well as with increased creatine levels. The results of the replication effort provided support for a causal association of adiposity with reduced levels of arachidonic acid (P value = 0.03). Adiposity is associated with variation of large parts of the circulating metabolome; however, further investigation of causality is required in well-powered cohorts.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0012-1797
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2337/db20-1120
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Diabetes Association
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1501252-9
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Using Genetic Variants to Assess the Relationship Between Circulating Lipids and Type 2 Diabetes
    American Diabetes Association ; 2015
    In:  Diabetes Vol. 64, No. 7 ( 2015-07-01), p. 2676-2684
    Details
    In: Diabetes, American Diabetes Association, Vol. 64, No. 7 ( 2015-07-01), p. 2676-2684
    Abstract: The effects of dyslipidemia on the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and related traits are not clear. We used regression models and 140 lipid-associated genetic variants to estimate associations between circulating HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides and T2D and related traits. Each genetic test was corrected for effects of variants on the other two lipid types and surrogates of adiposity. We used the largest data sets available: 34,840 T2D case and 114,981 control subjects from the DIAGRAM (DIAbetes Genetics Replication And Meta-analysis) consortium and up to 133,010 individuals without diabetes for insulin secretion and sensitivity from the MAGIC (Meta-Analyses of Glucose and Insulin-related traits Consortium) and GENESIS (GENEticS of Insulin Sensitivity) studies. Eight of 21 associations between groups of variants and diabetes traits were significant at the nominal level, including those between genetically determined lower HDL-C (β = −0.12, P = 0.03) and T2D and genetically determined lower LDL-C (β = −0.21, P = 5 × 10−6) and T2D. Although some of these may represent causal associations, we discuss why caution must be used when using Mendelian randomization in the context of circulating lipid levels and diabetes traits. In conclusion, we found evidence of links between genetic variants associated with lipids and T2D, but deeper knowledge of the underlying genetic mechanisms of specific lipid variants is needed before drawing definite conclusions about causality based on Mendelian randomization methodology.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0012-1797 , 1939-327X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2337/db14-1710
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Diabetes Association
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1501252-9
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Protein Biomarkers for Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes Risk in Two Large Community Cohorts
    American Diabetes Association ; 2016
    In:  Diabetes Vol. 65, No. 1 ( 2016-01-01), p. 276-284
    Details
    In: Diabetes, American Diabetes Association, Vol. 65, No. 1 ( 2016-01-01), p. 276-284
    Abstract: Insulin resistance (IR) is a precursor of type 2 diabetes (T2D), and improved risk prediction and understanding of the pathogenesis are needed. We used a novel high-throughput 92-protein assay to identify circulating biomarkers for HOMA of IR in two cohorts of community residents without diabetes (n = 1,367) (mean age 73 ± 3.6 years). Adjusted linear regression identified cathepsin D and confirmed six proteins (leptin, renin, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist [IL-1ra] , hepatocyte growth factor, fatty acid–binding protein 4, and tissue plasminogen activator [t-PA]) as IR biomarkers. Mendelian randomization analysis indicated a positive causal effect of IR on t-PA concentrations. Two biomarkers, IL-1ra (hazard ratio [HR] 1.28, 95% CI 1.03–1.59) and t-PA (HR 1.30, 1.02–1.65) were associated with incident T2D, and t-PA predicted 5-year transition to hyperglycemia (odds ratio 1.30, 95% CI 1.02–1.65). Additional adjustment for fasting glucose rendered both coefficients insignificant and revealed an association between renin and T2D (HR 0.79, 0.62–0.99). LASSO regression suggested a risk model including IL-1ra, t-PA, and the Framingham Offspring Study T2D score, but prediction improvement was nonsignificant (difference in C-index 0.02, 95% CI −0.08 to 0.12) over the T2D score only. In conclusion, proteomic blood profiling indicated cathepsin D as a new IR biomarker and suggested a causal effect of IR on t-PA.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0012-1797 , 1939-327X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2337/db15-0881
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Diabetes Association
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1501252-9
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Common Genetic Variants Highlight the Role of Insulin Resistance and Body Fat Distribution in Type 2 Diabetes, Independent of Obesity
    American Diabetes Association ; 2014
    In:  Diabetes Vol. 63, No. 12 ( 2014-12-01), p. 4378-4387
    Details
    In: Diabetes, American Diabetes Association, Vol. 63, No. 12 ( 2014-12-01), p. 4378-4387
    Abstract: We aimed to validate genetic variants as instruments for insulin resistance and secretion, to characterize their association with intermediate phenotypes, and to investigate their role in type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk among normal-weight, overweight, and obese individuals. We investigated the association of genetic scores with euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp– and oral glucose tolerance test–based measures of insulin resistance and secretion and a range of metabolic measures in up to 18,565 individuals. We also studied their association with T2D risk among normal-weight, overweight, and obese individuals in up to 8,124 incident T2D cases. The insulin resistance score was associated with lower insulin sensitivity measured by M/I value (β in SDs per allele [95% CI], −0.03 [−0.04, −0.01] ; P = 0.004). This score was associated with lower BMI (−0.01 [−0.01, −0.0]; P = 0.02) and gluteofemoral fat mass (−0.03 [−0.05, −0.02; P = 1.4 × 10−6) and with higher alanine transaminase (0.02 [0.01, 0.03] ; P = 0.002) and γ-glutamyl transferase (0.02 [0.01, 0.03]; P = 0.001). While the secretion score had a stronger association with T2D in leaner individuals (Pinteraction = 0.001), we saw no difference in the association of the insulin resistance score with T2D among BMI or waist strata (Pinteraction & gt; 0.31). While insulin resistance is often considered secondary to obesity, the association of the insulin resistance score with lower BMI and adiposity and with incident T2D even among individuals of normal weight highlights the role of insulin resistance and ectopic fat distribution in T2D, independently of body size.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0012-1797 , 1939-327X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2337/db14-0319
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Diabetes Association
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1501252-9
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Evidence of a Causal Relationship Between Adiponectin Levels and Insulin Sensitivity
    American Diabetes Association ; 2013
    In:  Diabetes Vol. 62, No. 4 ( 2013-04-01), p. 1338-1344
    Details
    In: Diabetes, American Diabetes Association, Vol. 62, No. 4 ( 2013-04-01), p. 1338-1344
    Abstract: The adipocyte-secreted protein adiponectin is associated with insulin sensitivity in observational studies. We aimed to evaluate whether this relationship is causal using a Mendelian randomization approach. In a sample of Swedish men aged 71 years (n = 942) from the Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men (ULSAM), insulin sensitivity (M/I ratio) was measured by the euglycemic insulin clamp. We used three genetic variants in the ADIPOQ locus as instrumental variables (IVs) to estimate the potential causal effect of adiponectin on insulin sensitivity and compared these with results from conventional linear regression. The three ADIPOQ variants, rs17300539, rs3774261, and rs6444175, were strongly associated with serum adiponectin levels (all P ≤ 5.3 × 10−9) and were also significantly associated with M/I ratio in the expected direction (all P ≤ 0.022). IV analysis confirmed that genetically determined adiponectin increased insulin sensitivity (β = 0.47–0.81, all P ≤ 0.014) comparable with observational estimates (β = 0.50, all Pdifference ≥ 0.136). Adjustment for BMI and waist circumference partly explained the association of both genetically determined and observed adiponectin levels with insulin sensitivity. The observed association between higher adiponectin levels and increased insulin sensitivity is likely to represent a causal relationship partly mediated by reduced adiposity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0012-1797 , 1939-327X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2337/db12-0935
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Diabetes Association
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1501252-9
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...