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  • Springer  (24)
  • American Chemical Society (ACS)  (1)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Helgoland marine research 45 (1991), S. 513-515 
    ISSN: 1438-3888
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Astrophysics and space science 65 (1979), S. 215-240 
    ISSN: 1572-946X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Laboratory and theoretical studies have been made of the effects of ultraviolet photolysis of interstellar grain mantles which consist of combinations of hydrogen, oxygen, carbon and nitrogen — ‘dirty ice’. It is shown that processes involving photolysis (photoprocessing) of interstellar grains are important during most of their lifetime even including the time they spend in dense clouds. A laboratory designed to simulate the interstellar conditions is described. This is the first time such a laboratory has been able to provide results which may be directly scaled to the astrophysical situations involving interstellar grains and their environment. The evolution of grain analogs is followed by observing the infrared absorption spectra of photolyzed samples of ices deposited at 10 K. The creation and storage of radicals and the production of molecules occur as a result of reactions within the solid. A large number of molecules and radicals observed in the interstellar gas appear in the irradiated ices. Energy released during warm-up is seen from visible luminescence and inferred from vapor pressure enhancement which occurs during warming of photolyzed samples relative to unphotolyzed samples. The evolution of a grain and its role as a source as well as a sink of molecules is pictured as a statistical process within dense clouds. The gradual accretion on and photolysis of an individual grain provides the stored chemical energy the release of which is sporadically triggered by relatively mild events (such as low velocity grain-grain collisions) to produce the impulsive heating needed to eject or evaporate a portion of the grain mantle. An extremely complex and rather refractory substance possessing the infrared signatures of amino groups and carboxylic acid groups and having a maximum mass of 514 amu has been produced at a rate corresponding to a mass conversion rate of interstellar grains of between 2% and 20% in 107 yr. The shape and position of the astronomically observed 3.1 μm band is duplicated in the laboratory and is shown to be a natural consequence of the processing of grain mantles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European food research and technology 150 (1973), S. 267-273 
    ISSN: 1438-2385
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In 99 Weinen wurde der Gehalt anl(+)- undd(−)-Lactat enzymatisch bestimmt. Die in der Literatur vorgeschlagene alkalische Verseifung des Weins darf nicht durchgeführt werden, da dies zu stark fehlerhaften Ergebnissen durch die Bildung von Milchsäure aus dem Restzucker der Weine führt. Auf einen Aufschluß durch Säure oder durch Kochen kann verzichtet werden, da die gebundene Menge an Milchsäure im Wein nur zu maximal 100–200 mg/l festgestellt wurde. Wenn nur der Gesamtlactatgehalt interessiert, so kann dieser ebenfalls enzymatisch ohne Differenzierung in die stereoisomeren Formen direkt bestimmt werden. Die Fehlerbreite der Methode ist gering; es besteht eine gute Übereinstimmung mit der chemischen Methode von Rebelein. Bei den untersuchten Weinen variiert bei einem Gesamt-Milchsäuregehalt von 0,10–5,61 g/l der Gehalt an L-Lactat zwischen 0,00 und 4,82 g/l, der Gehalt an D-Lactat zwischen 0,05 und 0,84 g/l. Bei niedrigen Gesamt-Milchsäuregehalten von weniger als 0,6 g/1 kann sowohld-Lactat als auchl-Lactat überwiegen. Je höher die Gesamt-Milchsäuregehalte ansteigen, desto mehr überwiegt dasl-Lactat, dessen Anteil bei Gesamt-Milchsäuregehalten von über 2 g/1 mehr als 80 bzw. 90% des Gesamtlactats beträgt.
    Notes: Summary Contents ofl(+)- andd(−)-lactic acid in 99 wines have been determined enzymatically. Alkaline hydrolysis of the wines, as proposed in the literature, should not be carried out, because erronious results are hereby obtained, due to the formation of lactic acid from the residual sugars of the wines. Acidic hydrolysis or heating may be dropped because the amounts of esterified lactic acid in wines have been ascertained to be only 100–200 mg/l (max.). If just interested in total lactic acid, disregarding any differentiation of stereoisomeres, then total lactic acid can also be directly determined enzymatically. The method only has a slight marginal error and the results are in good agreement with the chemical method by Rebelein. The content of total lactic acid varies from 0,10–5,61 g/1; ofl-lactic acid from 0,00–4,82 g/l and ofd-lactic acid from 0,05–0,84 g/l. In wines with very low content of total lactic acid (〈 0,6 g/l),d-lactic acid as well as L-lactic acid may be the dominent isomere. However, the higher the content of total lactic acid the more pronounced the content Ofl-lactic acid is. In wines containing more than 2 g/l of total lactic acid, more than 80-90% are taken up byl-lactic acid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 7 (1928), S. 2259-2261 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 239 (1922), S. 504-556 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Mesozooplankton collected during five summer expeditions to the Arctic Ocean between 1987 and 1991 was analysed for regional patterns in biomass and species distribution, distinguishing between an epipelagic (0–100 m) and a deeper (0–500 m) layer. A total of 58 stations was sampled mainly in the Nansen, Amundsen and Makarov Basins of the central Arctic Ocean and in areas of the Greenland Sea, West Spitsbergen Current and Barents Sea. Results from the different expeditions were combined to create a transect extending from the Fram Strait across the Eurasian Basin into the Makarov Basin. Mesozooplankton dry mass in the upper 500 m decreased from 8.4 g m−2 in the West Spitsbergen Current to less than 2 g m−2 in the high-Arctic deep-sea basins. In the central Arctic Ocean, biomass was concentrated in the upper 100 m and was dominated by the large copepods Calanus hyperboreus and C. glacialis. In contrast, the mesozooplankton in the West Spitsbergen Current was more evenly distributed throughout the upper 500 m, with C. finmarchicus as the prevailing species. The distribution of abundant mesopelagic species reflected the hydrographic regime: the calanoid copepod Gaetanus tenuispinus and the hyperiid amphipod Themisto abyssorum were most abundant in the Atlantic inflow, while Scaphocalanus magnus was a typical component of the high-Arctic fauna. The relatively high mesozooplankton biomass and the occurrence of boreal-Atlantic species in the central Arctic Ocean are indicators for the import of organic material from allochthonous sources, especially from the northern North Atlantic. Hence, in spite of its enclosure by land masses, the Arctic Ocean is characterized by an exchange of water masses and organisms with the North Atlantic, and advection processes strongly influence the distribution of plankton species in this high-latitude ecosystem.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Keywords Mastocytosis ; Progenitor cells ; Interferon-α ; Tryptase ; Histamine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Interferon (IFN)-α, a known inhibitor of myelopoiesis, is increasingly used to treat patients with systemic mastocytosis (SM). However, the mechanisms of IFN-α effects on mast cell (MC) growth remain unknown, and the treatment responses may be variable. In the present study, factor-dependent ex vivo differentiation of MCs from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) was analyzed in a patient with SM treated with IFN-α2b (3 million U/day). The patient exhibited an extensive MC infiltration in his bone marrow (BM) and increasing serum total tryptase levels (spiking to 〉1400 ng/ml). PBMNCs were collected before and during IFN-α2b treatment and cultured in the presence or absence of stem cell factor (SCF, 100 ng/ml) for 42 days. In the absence of SCF, no MC growth was detectable. However, in the presence of SCF, MC containing tryptase appeared in the cultures. Treatment with IFN-α2b resulted in a time-dependent decrease in SCF-inducible formation of MCs from PB progenitor cells in vitro. Also, during IFN-α2b treatment, blood histamine concentrations decreased. Serum total tryptase levels initially increased despite IFN-α2b treatment. However, after a latency period of a few months, tryptase concentrations declined and then reached a plateau. In healthy individuals, the SCF-induced in vitro growth of MCs from their progenitor cells was also inhibitable by the addition of IFN-α2b. In summary, our data show that IFN-α2b can exhibit inhibitory effects on factor-dependent growth of MC progenitor cells. However, it still remains open which of the patients with mastocytosis can benefit from long-term IFN-α treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied physics 17 (1978), S. 85-87 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 61.70Jc ; 68.55.+b
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A new type of misfit dislocation multiplication is deduced from high-voltage electron micrographs of thin Ge layers on GaAs substrates. Two misfit dislocations with the same Burgers vectors on different glide planes cross and annihilate at the intersection point resulting in the formation of two angular dislocations. The tip of one of these dislocations may reach the growth surface by glide breaking into two separate dislocation segments. These segments may glide to form additional misfit dislocations, which may undergo the same multiplication process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 68.55 ; 61.70
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract High-voltage electron microscopy in combination with a large-area thinning technique has been applied to thin epitaxial Ge layers on GaAs substrates. These layers exhibit 60° misfit dislocations along the 〈110〉 directions parallel to the interface. Various dislocation reactions are evaluated from the electron micrographs, e.g. the formation of non-glissile 90° dislocations from two nearly parallel 60° dislocations and the annihilation reaction of two crossing 60° dislocations with identical Burgers vectors. The latter reaction occasionally leads to a dislocation multiplication. The misfit dislocations in very thin layers (∼0.5 μm thickness and a linear dislocation density of less than 100 dislocation lines/cm) tend to be arranged in groups rather than being equidistant. Consequences for the interpretation of x-ray topograms are discussed.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Key words Mastocytosis ; Multiple myeloma ; Mast cells ; Tryptase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Mastocytosis is a term used for a spectrum of disorders characterized by abnormal growth and accumulation of mast cells. The cutaneous variants of the disease have to be distinguished from systemic mastocytosis (SM), in which at least one extracutaneous organ is involved. In contrast to cutaneous mastocytosis, SM is often associated with another hematologic neoplasm. In most cases clonal myeloid malignancies such as a myeloproliferative or myelodysplastic syndrome occur. In a few cases of SM, however, clonal lymphoid disorders have been described. We here report on a case of SM associated with multiple myeloma. At first presentation, the 48-year old female patient showed monoclonal IgGλ gammopathy and bone marrow (BM) mastocytosis, but no BM plasma cell infiltrates. Eight years later, the patient presented with BM mastocytosis and overt multiple myeloma. The co-existence of myeloma and mastocytosis was demonstrable by staining serial BM sections with antibodies against mast cell tryptase, CD68R, and the plasma cell marker VS38c. Interphase FISH analysis of BM sections revealed a numeric gain of chromosome 5 and chromosome 7 in the plasma cells but not in the mast cell infiltrates, thereby confirming the presence of two different neoplastic cell populations. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the co-existence of multiple myeloma and mastocytosis.
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