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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2014-03-14
    Description: ABSTRACT The wing of a dragonfly is thin and light, but can bear high frequent alternating stress and present excellent antifatigue properties. The surface morphology and microstructure of the wings of dragonfly Pantala flavescens were observed using SEM in this study. Based on the biological analysis method, the configuration, morphology, and structure of the vein were studied, and the antifatigue properties of the wings were investigated. The analytical results indicated that the longitudinal veins, cross veins, and membrane of dragonfly wing form a optimized network morphology and spacially truss-like structure which can restrain the formation and propagation of the fatigue cracks. The veins with multilayer structure present high strength, flexibility, and toughness, which are beneficial to bear alternating load during the flight of dragonfly. Through tensile-tensile fatigue failure tests, the results were verified and indicate that the wings of dragonfly P. flavescens have excellent antifatigue properties which are the results of the biological coupling and synergistic effect of morphological and structural factors. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2014 . © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
    Print ISSN: 1059-910X
    Electronic ISSN: 1097-0029
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2015-08-08
    Description: Two new coordination polymers (CPs) formed from 5-iodobenzene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid (H 2 iip) in the presence of the flexible 1,4-bis(1 H -imidazol-1-yl)butane (bimb) auxiliary ligand, namely poly[[μ 2 -1,4-bis(1 H -imidazol-1-yl)butane-κ 2 N 3 : N 3′ ](μ 3 -5-iodobenzene-1,3-dicarboxylato-κ 4 O 1 , O 1′ : O 3 : O 3′ )cobalt(II)], [Co(C 8 H 3 IO 4 )(C 10 H 14 N 4 )] n or [Co(iip)(bimb)] n , (1), and poly[[[μ 2 -1,4-bis(1 H -imidazol-1-yl)butane-κ 2 N 3 : N 3′ ](μ 2 -5-iodobenzene-1,3-dicarboxylato-κ 2 O 1 : O 3 )zinc(II)] trihydrate], {[Zn(C 8 H 3 IO 4 )(C 10 H 14 N 4 )]·3H 2 O} n or {[Zn(iip)(bimb)]·3H 2 O} n , (2), were synthesized and characterized by FT–IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), solid-state UV–Vis spectroscopy, single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and powder X-ray diffraction analysis (PXRD). The iip 2− ligand in (1) adopts the (κ 1 ,κ 1 -μ 2 )(κ 1 , κ 1 -μ 1 )-μ 3 coordination mode, linking adjacent secondary building units into a ladder-like chain. These chains are further connected by the flexible bimb ligand in a trans – trans – trans conformation. As a result, a twofold three-dimensional interpenetrating α-Po network is formed. Complex (2) exhibits a two-dimensional (4,4) topological network architecture in which the iip 2− ligand shows the (κ 1 )(κ 1 )-μ 2 coordination mode. The solid-state UV–Vis spectra of (1) and (2) were investigated, together with the fluorescence properties of (2) in the solid state.
    Print ISSN: 0108-2701
    Electronic ISSN: 1600-5759
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2012-11-22
    Description: Analytical Chemistry DOI: 10.1021/ac302853y
    Print ISSN: 0003-2700
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-6882
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2017-12-02
    Description: Remote Sensing, Vol. 9, Pages 1247: Estimating Land Surface Temperature from Feng Yun-3C/MERSI Data Using a New Land Surface Emissivity Scheme Remote Sensing doi: 10.3390/rs9121247 Authors: Xiangchen Meng Jie Cheng Shunlin Liang Land surface temperature (LST) is a key parameter for a wide number of applications, including hydrology, meteorology and surface energy balance. In this study, we first proposed a new land surface emissivity (LSE) scheme, including a lookup table-based method to determine the vegetated surface emissivity and an empirical method to derive the bare soil emissivity from the Global LAnd Surface Satellite (GLASS) broadband emissivity (BBE) product. Then, the Modern Era Retrospective-Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) reanalysis data and the Feng Yun-3C/Medium Resolution Spectral Imager (FY-3C/MERSI) precipitable water vapor product were used to correct the atmospheric effects. After resolving the land surface emissivity and atmospheric effects, the LST was derived in a straightforward manner from the FY-3C/MERSI data by the radiative transfer equation algorithm and the generalized single-channel algorithm. The mean difference between the derived LSE and field-measured LSE over seven stations is approximately 0.002. Validation of the LST retrieved with the LSE determined by the new scheme can achieve an acceptable accuracy. The absolute biases are less than 1 K and the STDs (RMSEs) are less than 1.95 K (2.2 K) for both the 1000 m and 250 m spatial resolutions. The LST accuracy is superior to that retrieved with the LSE determined by the commonly used Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) threshold method. Thus, the new emissivity scheme can be used to improve the accuracy of the LSE and further the LST for sensors with broad spectral ranges such as FY-3C/MERSI.
    Electronic ISSN: 2072-4292
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Published by MDPI Publishing
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2018-06-23
    Description: Energies, Vol. 11, Pages 1632: Interleaved High Step-Up DC-DC Converter Based on Voltage Multiplier Cell and Voltage-Stacking Techniques for Renewable Energy Applications † Energies doi: 10.3390/en11071632 Authors: Shin-Ju Chen Sung-Pei Yang Chao-Ming Huang Huann-Ming Chou Meng-Jie Shen A novel interleaved high step-up DC-DC converter based on voltage multiplier cell and voltage-stacking techniques is proposed for the power conversion in renewable energy power systems. The circuit configuration incorporates an input-parallel output-series boost converter with coupled inductors, clamp circuits and a voltage multiplier cell stacking on the output side to extend the voltage gain. The converter achieves high voltage conversion ratio without working at extreme large duty ratio. The voltage stresses on the power switches are significantly lower than the output voltage. As a result, the low-voltage-rated metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) can be employed to reduce the conduction losses and higher conversion efficiency can be expected. The interleaved operation reduces the input current ripple. The leakage inductances of the coupled inductors act on mitigating the diode reverse recovery problem. The operating principle, steady-state analysis and design guidelines of the proposed converter are presented in detail. Finally, a 1-kW prototype with 28-V input and 380-V output voltages was implemented and tested. The experimental results are presented to validate the performance of the proposed converter.
    Electronic ISSN: 1996-1073
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by MDPI Publishing
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2018-12-05
    Description: Organic Letters DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b03245
    Print ISSN: 1523-7060
    Electronic ISSN: 1523-7052
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2016-10-18
    Description: The Nd III coordination compounds [Nd(4-pytza) 3 (H 2 O) 2 ] · 2H 2 O ( 1 ) and [Nd(4-pytza) 2 (H 2 O) 4 ]Cl · 2H 2 O ( 2 ) [H4-pytza = 5-(4-pyridyl)tetrazole-2-acetic acid] were synthesized by reactions of K4-pytza and NdCl 3 · 6H 2 O at different pH values. Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that 4-pytza ligands in 1 in a μ 1,3 -COO syn - syn or μ 1,1,3 -COO bridging mode coordinate to two central Nd III atoms to display a dinuclear unit, which is connected by one of these 4-pytza ligands acting in end-to-end bridging mode to form a 1D ladder-like chain. Different from 1 , each 4-pytza in 2 with a μ 1,3 -COO syn - anti bridging mode coordinates to two Nd III atoms to display a 1D zigzag chain. Furthermore, the luminescence properties of 1 and 2 were investigated at room temperature in the solid state.
    Print ISSN: 0044-2313
    Electronic ISSN: 1521-3749
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2018-03-20
    Description: Remote Sensing, Vol. 10, Pages 474: Evaluating Eight Global Reanalysis Products for Atmospheric Correction of Thermal Infrared Sensor—Application to Landsat 8 TIRS10 Data Remote Sensing doi: 10.3390/rs10030474 Authors: Xiangchen Meng Jie Cheng Global reanalysis products have been widely used for correcting the atmospheric effects of thermal infrared data, but their performances have not been comprehensively evaluated. In this paper, we evaluate eight global reanalysis products (NCEP/FNL; NCEP/DOE Reanalysis2; MERRA-3; MERRA-6; MERRA2-3; MERRA2-6; JRA-55; and ERA-Interim) commonly used in the atmospheric correction of Landsat 8 TIRS10 data by referencing global radiosonde observations collected from 163 stations. The atmospheric parameters (atmospheric transmittance, upward radiance, and downward radiance) simulated with MERRA-6 and ERA-Interim were accurate than those simulated with other reanalysis products for different water vapor contents and surface elevations. When global reanalysis products were applied to retrieve land surface temperature (LST) from simulated Landsat 8 TIRS10 data, ERA-Interim and MERRA-6 were accurate than other reanalysis products. The overall LST biases and RMSEs between the retrieved LSTs and LSTs that were used to generate the top-of-atmosphere radiances were less than 0.2 K and 1.09 K, respectively. When eight reanalysis products were used to estimate LSTs from thirty-two Landsat 8 TIRS10 images covering the Heihe River basin in China, the various reanalysis products showed similar validation accuracies for LSTs with low water vapor contents. The biases ranged from 0.07 K to 0.24 K, and the STDs (RMSEs) ranged from 1.93 K (1.93 K) to 2.02 K (2.04 K). Considering the above evaluation results, MERRA-6 and ERA-Interim are recommended for thermal infrared data atmospheric corrections.
    Electronic ISSN: 2072-4292
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Published by MDPI Publishing
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2018-09-07
    Description: Organic Letters DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b02420
    Print ISSN: 1523-7060
    Electronic ISSN: 1523-7052
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2015-12-10
    Description: Different kinds of counterions (such as NO 3 – , ClO 4 – , and Cl – ) play a special role in controlling the framework of coordination compounds. Using this strategy, 5-aminotetrazole-1-propionic acid (Hatzp) was selected to react with praseodymium(III) nitrate or perchlorate in the same solvent system, producing two different coordination compounds, [Pr 2 (atzp) 4 (H 2 O) 8 ] · 2NO 3 · 2H 2 O ( 1 ) and [Pr 2 (atzp) 6 (H 2 O) 2 ] · H 2 O ( 2 ). These compounds were structurally characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that compound 1 displays a dinuclear structure, whereas 2 shows a one dimensional zigzag chain framework. Furthermore, the luminescence properties of compounds 1 and 2 were investigated at room temperature in the solid state.
    Print ISSN: 0044-2313
    Electronic ISSN: 1521-3749
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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