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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing AG,
    Keywords: Hydraulic engineering. ; Electronic books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (605 pages)
    Edition: 2nd ed.
    ISBN: 9783319526638
    Series Statement: Springer Series in Synergetics Series
    DDC: 530.417
    Language: English
    Note: Intro -- Preface of the Second Edition -- Preface of the First Edition -- Contents -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Interfacial Pattern Formation in Dendritic Growth and Hele-Shaw Flow -- 1.2 A Brief Review of the Theories of Free Dendritic Growth -- 1.2.1 Maximum Velocity Principle (1976) -- 1.2.2 Marginal Stability Hypothesis (1978) -- 1.2.3 Microscopic Solvability Condition (MSC) Theory (1986-1990s) -- 1.2.4 Interfacial Wave (IFW) Theory (1990) -- 1.3 Macroscopic Continuum Model -- 1.3.1 Macroscopic Transport Equations -- 1.3.2 The Interface Conditions -- 1.3.3 The Scaling and the Dimensionless System -- References -- 2 Unidirectional Solidification and Mullins-Sekerka Instability -- 2.1 Solidification with Planar Interface from a Pure Melt -- 2.1.1 Basic Steady-State Solution -- 2.1.2 Unsteady Perturbed Solutions and Mullins-Sekerka Instability -- 2.1.2.1 Zeroth-Order Approximation Solutions -- 2.1.2.2 First-Order Approximation Solutions -- 2.1.3 Asymptotic Solutions in the Long-Wave Regime, k=O() -- 2.1.3.1 O(0) -- 2.1.3.2 O(2) -- 2.1.4 Asymptotic Solutions in the Extremely Short-Wave Regime, k=O(1) -- 2.1.4.1 O(0) -- 2.1.4.2 O(2) -- 2.2 Unidirectional Solidification from a Binary Mixture -- 2.2.1 Mathematical Formulation of the Problem -- 2.2.2 Basic Steady State -- 2.2.3 Unsteady Perturbed Solutions -- 2.2.3.1 Zeroth-Order Approximation Solutions -- 2.2.3.2 First-Order Approximation Solutions -- 2.2.4 Asymptotic Solutions in the Long-Wave Regime, k=O() -- 2.2.5 Asymptotic Solutions in the Extremely Short-Wave Regime, k= O(1/E) -- g=O(1/E) -- 2.2.6 Some Remarks on Unidirectional Solidification -- References -- 3 Mathematical Formulation of Free Dendritic Growth from a Pure Melt -- 3.1 Three-Dimensional Free Dendritic Growth -- 3.2 Axisymmetric Free Dendrite Growth -- 3.3 Two-Dimensional Free Dendritic Growth -- Reference. , 4 Basic Steady State of Axisymmetric Dendritic Growth and Its Regular Perturbation Expansion -- 4.1 The Ivantsov Solution and Unsolved Fundamental Problems -- 4.2 Axially Symmetric Steady Needle Growth with Nonzero Surface Tension -- 4.2.1 Mathematical Formulation -- 4.2.2 Regular Perturbation Expansion Solutions (RPE) as E→0 -- 4.2.2.1 The Zeroth-Order Approximation O(0) -- 4.2.2.2 The First-Order Approximation O(2) -- 4.2.3 The Asymptotic Behavior of the Regular Perturbation Expansion Solution as ξ→∞ -- 4.2.4 Some Numerical Results of the Interface Shape -- 4.3 Summary and Discussion -- References -- 5 The Steady State for Dendritic Growth with Nonzero Surface Tension -- 5.1 The Nash-Glicksman Problem and the Classical Needle Crystal Solution -- 5.2 The Geometric Model and Solutions of NeedleCrystal Growth -- 5.2.1 Geometric Model of Dendritic Growth -- 5.2.2 The Segur-Kruskal Problem -- 5.2.3 Steady Nonclassical Needle Growth Problem -- 5.2.3.1 The Outer Expansion -- 5.2.3.2 The Composite Solution -- 5.2.3.3 The Properties of the Composite Solutions -- 5.2.4 Needle Crystal Formation Problem -- 5.3 The Nonclassical Steady State of Dendritic Growth with Nonzero Surface Tension -- 5.3.1 The Complete Mathematical Formulation for Free Dendrite Growth -- References -- 6 Global Interfacial Wave Instability of Dendritic Growth from a Pure Melt -- 6.1 Linear Perturbed System Around the Basic State of Axisymmetric Dendritic Growth -- 6.2 Outer Solution in the Outer Region Away from the Tip -- 6.2.1 Zeroth-Order Approximation -- 6.2.2 First-Order Approximation -- 6.2.3 Singular Point ζc of the Outer Solution -- 6.3 The Inner Solutions near the Singular Point ζc -- 6.4 Tip Inner Solution in the Tip Region -- 6.5 Global Trapped-Wave Modes and the Quantization Condition -- 6.6 Comparison of Theoretical Predictions with Experimental Data. , 6.6.1 The Dendrite Tip Velocity and Tip Radius -- 6.6.2 The Critical Number * -- 6.6.3 The Universal Scaling Parameter, * or σ*? -- 6.6.4 The Nature of the Dendrite-Tip: Steady or Oscillatory? -- 6.7 Three-Dimensional Nonaxisymmetric Spiral Dendritic Modes of Perturbed States -- 6.7.1 Mathematical Formulation of General Three-Dimensional Unsteady Dendritic Growth -- 6.7.2 The Basic State for Dendritic Growth with Nonzero Surface Tension -- 6.7.3 3D Linear Perturbed System -- 6.7.4 Multiple Variables Expansion Solution in the Outer Region -- 6.7.5 Zeroth-Order Approximation of Outer Solution -- 6.7.6 First-Order Approximation of the Outer Solution -- 6.7.7 The Inner Solution near the Singular Point ζc of the Outer Solution -- 6.7.8 Tip Inner Solution in the Tip Region -- 6.7.9 Global Trapped-Wave (GTW) Modes and Quantization Condition -- 6.8 A Brief Summary -- References -- 7 Free Dendritic Growth with Anisotropy -- 7.1 Mathematical Formulation for 2D Dendritic Growth with Anisotropy of Surface Tension -- 7.2 RPE for Basic Steady-State Solutions -- 7.2.1 The Zeroth-Order Approximation (=0) -- 7.2.2 The First-Order Approximation, O(2) -- 7.2.3 Asymptotic Behavior of the Regular Perturbation Expansion Solution as ξ→∞ -- 7.3 Global Interfacial Wave Instabilities of Two-Dimensional Dendritic Growth -- 7.3.1 Linear Perturbed System Around the Basic State -- 7.3.2 Multivariable Expansion Solution in the Outer Region -- 7.3.2.1 Zeroth-Order Approximation -- 7.3.2.2 First-Order Approximation -- 7.3.3 The Inner Equation near the Singular Point ζc -- 7.3.3.1 Case I: |σ0| = O(1) -- 7.3.3.2 Case II: |σ0| 1 -- 7.3.3.3 A Brief Summary -- 7.3.4 Matching Procedure and Connection Conditions -- 7.4 The Quantization Condition of Global Trapped-Wave Modes -- 7.5 The Quantization Condition of Global Low-FrequencyModes. , 7.6 The Selection Conditions for 2D Dendritic Growth -- 7.7 The Effect of Kinetic Attachment at the Interface on Dendritic Growth -- 7.7.1 Linear Perturbed System Around the Basic State -- 7.7.2 The Complex Spectrum of Eigenvalues with |σ0|=O(1) and GTW Instability -- 7.7.2.1 Zeroth-Order Approximation Solutions for GTW Instability -- 7.7.2.2 First-Order Approximation Solutions for GTW Instability -- 7.7.3 The Real Spectrum of Eigenvalues with |σ0|1 and LF Instability -- 7.8 Axially Symmetric Dendritic Growth with Anisotropy -- References -- 8 Three Dimensional Dendritic Growth from an Undercooled Binary Mixture -- 8.1 Mathematical Formulation of the Problem -- 8.2 Basic Steady-State Solution of the System -- 8.2.1 The Zeroth-Order Approximation Solution -- 8.3 Three-Dimensional Linear Perturbed States Around the Basic State -- 8.4 Multiple Variables Expansion Solution in the Outer Region -- 8.5 The MVE Solutions in the Outer Region -- 8.5.1 The Zeroth-Order Approximation -- 8.5.2 First-Order Approximation -- 8.6 The Inner Solutions near the Singular Point ζc -- 8.6.1 Leading-Order Approximation -- 8.7 Tip Inner Solution in the Tip Region -- 8.8 Global Trapped-Wave (GTW) Modes and QuantizationCondition -- 8.9 Axisymmetric Global Modes (m=0) -- 8.10 Comparisons of Theoretical Results with Experimental Data -- References -- 9 Viscous Fingering in a Hele-Shaw Cell -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Mathematical Formulation of the Problem -- 9.3 The Smooth Finger Solution with Zero Surface Tension -- 9.4 Mathematical Formulation of the Problem with Zero Surface Tension -- 9.4.1 The System of Curvilinear Coordinates (ξ, η) -- 9.4.2 Mathematical Formulation of the Problem in the (ξ,η) Coordinate System -- 9.4.3 The Regular Perturbation Expansion Solution for the Basic State as →0 -- 9.5 The Linear Perturbed System and the Outer Solutions. , 9.5.1 The Linear Perturbed System and the Multiple Variables Expansions -- 9.5.2 The Zeroth-Order Approximation Solutions -- 9.6 The Inner Equation near the Singular Point ζc -- 9.6.1 Case I: |σ0| = O(1) -- 9.6.2 Case II: |σ0| 1 -- 9.7 Eigenvalue Spectra and Instability Mechanisms -- 9.7.1 The Spectrum of Complex Eigenvalues and GTW Instability -- 9.7.1.1 Range 1: 12 ≤λ0 < -- 1 or 0 ≤a< -- 1 -- 9.7.1.2 Range 2: 0 < -- λ0 < -- 12 or a > -- 1 -- 9.7.2 The Spectrum of Real Eigenvalues and LF Instability -- 9.8 Fingering Flow with a Nose Bubble -- 9.8.1 The Basic State of Finger Formation with a Nose Bubble and Its Linear Perturbation -- 9.8.2 The Quantization Conditions for the System with a Nose Bubble -- 9.8.2.1 The GTW Mechanism -- 9.8.2.2 The LF Mechanism -- 9.9 The Selection Criteria of Finger Solutions -- Appendix: The Forms of Some Operators in the System of the Curvilinear Coordinate System (ξ,η) -- References -- 10 Spatially Periodic Deep-Cellular Growth -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Steady State of the System of Deep-Cellular Growth from a Binary Mixture -- 10.2.1 Mathematical Formulation of the Problem -- 10.2.2 Mathematical Formulation of the Problem in a Curvilinear Coordinate System (ξ, η) -- 10.2.3 The Basic Steady-State Solutions in the Far Field -- 10.2.4 The Mathematical Formulation of the Problem in the Near Field -- 10.2.5 Generalized Asymptotic Solution in the Outer Region -- 10.2.6 Regular Perturbation Expansion of the Solution in the Outer Region -- 10.2.6.1 Zeroth-Order Approximation O(ε0) -- 10.2.6.2 First-Order Approximation O(ε1) -- 10.2.6.3 The Second-Order Approximation O(ε2) -- 10.2.6.4 The Third-Order Approximation O(ε3) -- 10.2.7 Singular Perturbation Expansion Part of the Solution in the Outer Region -- 10.3 The Inner Steady-State Solution in the Root Region and Interface Closure of Deep Cellular Growth. , 10.3.1 Mathematical Formulation of the Problem in the Root Region.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Biochemistry 26 (1987), S. 7674-7679 
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of chemical & engineering data 37 (1992), S. 24-28 
    ISSN: 1520-5134
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Macromolecular Rapid Communications 19 (1998), S. 115-118 
    ISSN: 1022-1336
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Ultrahigh or high molecular weights of polyethylenes (PE) and their distributions are for the first time determined at 160° or 170°C by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The thermostability of PE at high temperatures is discussed. In order to calculate the real molecular weight of PE, a new calibration curve is established. For PE with high molecular weight more reliable and accurate results can be obtained by GPC measurements at these temperatures. The application of ultrahigh temperature GPC for polymer characterization is demonstrated in this paper.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Macromolecular Rapid Communications 18 (1997), S. 601-607 
    ISSN: 1022-1336
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A new theoretical formula, used for the determination of the chemical composition distribution of copolymers, is proposed in this paper. The composition distribution of styrene in chlorinated butyl rubber/polystyrene comb graft copolymer was obtained by gel permeation chromatography utilising a combination of refractive index and ultraviolet detection. It is a more convenient and time-saving method for the characterization of the molecular structure parameters of a copolymer compared to the conventional experimental method.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 35 (1997), S. 827-830 
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: conformation ; copolymer surfactant ; amphiphilic branch chain ; oxyethylene segment ; Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The conformation of amphiphilic branch chain in a new type of copolymer surfactants on interface was studied. The results of laser light scattering demonstrated that the branch chain can only lie on the air/water interface. By means of XPS measurement with variable angles, the molecular conformations in different thickness of the copolymer layer were obtained. Depending on the chemical nature of the copolymer surfactants, the oxyethylene segments of the branch chains will have loop-train, train, or loop molecule conformations on the surface. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 35: 827-830, 1997
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2017-04-27
    Description: Quantitative information regarding the long-term variability of precipitation and vegetation during the period covering both the Lateglacial and the Holocene on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau (QTP) is scarce. Herein, we provide new and numerical reconstructions for annual mean precipitation (PANN) and vegetation history over the last 18,000 years using high-resolution pollen data from Lakes Dalianhai and Qinghai on the northeastern QTP. Hitherto, five calibration techniques including weighted averaging (WA), weighted average-partial least squares regression (WA-PLS), modern analogue technique (MAT), locally weighted weighted averaging regression (LWWA) and maximum likelihood (ML), were firstly employed to construct robust inference models and to produce reliable PANN estimates on the QTP. The biomization method was applied for reconstructing the vegetation dynamics. The study area was dominated by steppe and characterized with a highly variable, relatively dry climate at ~18,000–11,000 cal a B.P. PANN increased since the early Holocene, obtained a maximum at ~8000–3000 cal a B.P. with coniferous–temperate mixed forest as the dominant biome, and thereafter declined to present. The PANN reconstructions are broadly consistent with other proxy-based paleoclimatic records from the northeastern QTP and the northern region of monsoonal China. The possible mechanisms behind the precipitation changes may be tentatively attributed to the internal feedback processes of higher-latitude (e.g., North Atlantic) and lower-latitude (e.g., subtropical monsoon) competing climatic regimes, which are primarily modulated by solar energy output as the external driving force. These findings may provide important insights into understanding the future Asian precipitation dynamics under the projected global warming.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2018-03-13
    Description: Foraminiferal taphocoenose characteristics, notably allochthonous tests in surface sediment samples from the Yangtze River Estuary and adjacent areas in the East China Sea, were examined during (July, 2016) and after typhoon Nepartak (February, 2017) crossed this region. A comparison of transport indices from five sample stations reveals that this typhoon significantly strengthened sediment transport, although the transport in predominate direction (TWC north branch) occurs all year. Moreover, findings from a comprehensive impact of currents, topography, test size and shape, as well as other abiotic factors, show that transport occurs in the order (from stronger to weaker): south-north path ≫ southeast-northwest path 〉 nearshore-northeast path. Along the south-north path, the TWC north branch transports larger tests of taxa Ammonia compressiuscula and Cavarotalia annectens as bed load along the gentle seabed in a rolling or saltating process. Results from the southeast-northwest path show smaller and bulging tests of the dominant species Epistominella naraensis and Bolivina robusta may be transported as suspension load along the steep submarine valley by the TWC northwest branch. On the nearshore-northeast path, only part of allochthonous tests Ammonia beccarii vars. was transported, probably due to distance travelled and weakening of the typhoon. Furthermore, we also infer the northeastern area as a sink zone that accumulates grains of allochthonous tests predominantly from the southern source zone, and a selection of tests from littoral species originating from the nearshore source zone. It is important to identify and independently count allochthonous test samples if a large number of these tests are recorded. Findings from this study provide a reference to identify and investigate typhoon modern effects in areas with complex currents and frequent strong physical dynamic events, as well as their geological records.
    Electronic ISSN: 1525-2027
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2014-07-13
    Description: BRCA2 mutations are significantly associated with early onset breast cancer, and the tumour suppressing function of BRCA2 has been attributed to its involvement in homologous recombination (HR)-mediated DNA repair. In order to identify additional functions of BRCA2, we generated BRCA2 -knockout HCT116 human colorectal carcinoma cells. Using genome-wide microarray analyses, we have discovered a link between the loss of BRCA2 and the up-regulation of a subset of interferon (IFN)-related genes, including APOBEC3F and APOBEC3G . The over-expression of IFN-related genes was confirmed in different human BRCA2 −/− and mouse Brca2 −/− tumour cell lines, and was independent of senescence and apoptosis. In isogenic wild type BRCA2 cells, we observed over-expression of IFN-related genes after treatment with DNA-damaging agents, and following ionizing radiation. Cells with endogenous DNA damage because of defective BRCA1 or RAD51 also exhibited over-expression of IFN-related genes. Transcriptional activity of the IFN-stimulated response element (ISRE) was increased in BRCA2 knockout cells, and the expression of BRCA2 greatly decreased IFN-α stimulated ISRE reporter activity, suggesting that BRCA2 directly represses the expression of IFN-related genes through the ISRE. Finally, the colony forming capacity of BRCA2 knockout cells was significantly reduced in the presence of either IFN-β or IFN-γ, suggesting that IFNs may have potential as therapeutic agents in cancer cells with BRCA2 mutations.
    Print ISSN: 0022-3417
    Electronic ISSN: 1096-9896
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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