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  • American Ceramics Society  (26)
  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 87 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Fracture toughness and fracture strength data are presented for the first time for monoclinic zirconia. An undoped nanocrystalline zirconia powder was sintered at 1100°C and yielded a theoretical density of more than 90% with a grain size of about 150 nm. The surface crack in flexure (SCF) technique was deemed most suitable for nanocrystalline materials. Measurements of Young's modulus and the determination of the fracture origin are also provided.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 86 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Crack–opening displacement (COD) measurements were performed on a commercial lead zirconate titanate (PZT). The intrinsic fracture toughness (or crack–tip toughness) of this material was determined using a new evaluation procedure, which takes into account the near–tip CODs and complete crack profile CODs. The crack–tip toughness KI0 was determined from an extrapolation of COD data obtained at various loading stages, thus avoiding the complications caused by subcritical crack growth in PZT. Results for plane strain and plane stress condition are presented.
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 85 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The single-edge V-notched-beam (SEVNB) testing geometry was used to measure the crack growth resistance (R-curve) behavior of multilayered alumina–zirconia composites. Fracture mechanics weight function analysis was applied to predict the R-curve behavior of multilayered composites having a stepwise change in composition. These results were then used to differentiate the influence of residual stresses from crack-bridging stresses on the measured R-curve behavior.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 84 (2001), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Laminates consisting of two different nanocrystalline zirconia materials (undoped and 3Y-TZP doped) were sintered, and their densification and curvature were quantified using optical dilatometry. The experimental results agreed well with a continuum-mechanical description for the cosintering of laminates with diffusion coefficients and activation energies determined using densification of the free-sintering materials. The comparison covered various relative layer thicknesses and heating rates, but was developed only for the intermediate and late stages of sintering. Sintering stresses and compatibility stresses also were determined from the model.
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 83 (2000), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A new process based on carbon as a precursor material has been applied successfully to the production of graded Al2O3/Al composites. For this purpose, distinct porosity gradients were introduced into carbon materials via anodic oxidation. The graded structure of the carbon preforms was replicated using two subsequent infiltration steps to yield fully dense Al2O3/Al functionally graded materials with an interpenetrating network microstructure and a continuous variation of metal content.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 81 (1998), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Fracture from artificial spherical pores, as well as natural defects, in alumina in a grain-size range of 0.8-9.2 µm has been studied experimentally and compared with a fracture-mechanics model. Results from fracture-strength measurements have been combined with detailed fractographic analysis to elucidate the ensuing crack instability. Two existing models of possible crack configurations have been extended and contrasted. The semicircular crack as well as the circumferential crack both are described as flaws in the stress-concentrating field of a spherical pore. Surface correction terms afforded by the presence of the pore have been incorporated. A comparative computation shows that fracture occurs more likely from the semicircular crack configuration than the circumferential crack configuration.
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 87 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Subcritical crack growth in terms of velocity–stress intensity factor (v–K) curves in lead zirconate titanate (PZT) were experimentally characterized on poled and unpoled compact tension specimens. The poled specimens were tested under open- and short-circuit electrical boundary conditions, which resulted in an increase in fracture toughness by 0.2 MPa·m1/2 for the accessible velocity range (v= 10−9 to 10−4 m/s) in the open-circuit case. Subcritical crack growth of unpoled specimens was obtained under ambient (relative humidity = 35%) and dry (relative humidity ∼ 0.02%) conditions over a regime in stress intensity factor of 0.5 MPa·m1/2.
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 85 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The atomic force microscope (AFM) was used to explore the nature of features formed on the surfaces of cracks in soda–lime–silicate glass that were held at stress intensity factors below the crack growth threshold. All studies were conducted in water. Cracks were first propagated at a stress intensity factor above the crack growth threshold and then arrested for 16 h at a stress intensity factor below the threshold. The stress intensity factor was then raised to reinitiate crack growth. The cycle was repeated multiple times, varying the hold stress intensity factor, the hold time, and the propagation stress intensity factor. Examination of the fracture surface by optical microscopy showed surface features that marked the points of crack arrest during the hold time. These features were identical to those reported earlier by Michalske in a similar study of crack arrest. A study with the AFM showed these features to be a consequence of a bifurcation of the crack surface. During the hold period, waviness developed along the crack front so that parts of the front propagated out of the original fracture plane, while other parts propagated into the plane. Crack growth changed from the original flat plane to a bifurcated surface with directions of as much as 3° to 5° to the original plane. This modification of crack growth behavior cannot be explained by a variation in the far-field stresses applied to the crack. Nor can the crack growth features be explained by chemical fluctuations within the glass. We speculate that changes in crack growth direction are a consequence of an enhancement in the corrosion rate on the flank of the crack at stresses below the apparent crack growth threshold in a manner described recently by Chuang and Fuller.
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 82 (1999), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Residual stress distributions in ceramics can be calculated for a coordinate system fixed by the specimen geometry as well as for the crystal system. Computations were performed using alumina as a model system with the residual stresses caused by thermal expansion anisotropy. Mean values and standard deviations of the stress distributions are calculated for a plane stress as well as a plane strain scenario in a laboratory coordinate system and compared to distributions of stresses occuring along the a-axis and c-axis of alumina. In addition, stress fluctuations in the whole assembly of grains are compared with stress fluctuations within and between individual grains.
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 81 (1998), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: This comparative study addresses the influence of microstructural evolution on mechanical properties of porous alumina prepared by partial densification with and without addition of a glassy phase. The composition used for liquid-phase sintering is heated above and, in order to freeze the starting defect distribution, below the glass transition point. The ensuing densification rate is compared with measurements of the temperature and time-dependent wetting angle. The strength of the alumina is correlated with microstructural characteristics, Young's modulus, fracture toughness, and crack tip toughness as a function of porosity. Linkage of the crack tip toughness to elastic modulus, in combination with fractography and a description of a linearly shrinking critical defect, yields a predictive capacity to determine strength of porous ceramics.
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