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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (4)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Size-dependent influence of NO x on the growth rates of organic aerosol particles
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 2020
    In:  Science Advances Vol. 6, No. 22 ( 2020-05-29)
    Details
    In: Science Advances, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 6, No. 22 ( 2020-05-29)
    Abstract: Atmospheric new-particle formation (NPF) affects climate by contributing to a large fraction of the cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). Highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs) drive the early particle growth and therefore substantially influence the survival of newly formed particles to CCN. Nitrogen oxide (NO x ) is known to suppress the NPF driven by HOMs, but the underlying mechanism remains largely unclear. Here, we examine the response of particle growth to the changes of HOM formation caused by NO x . We show that NO x suppresses particle growth in general, but the suppression is rather nonuniform and size dependent, which can be quantitatively explained by the shifted HOM volatility after adding NO x . By illustrating how NO x affects the early growth of new particles, a critical step of CCN formation, our results help provide a refined assessment of the potential climatic effects caused by the diverse changes of NO x level in forest regions around the globe.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2375-2548
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay4945
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2810933-8
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Global atmospheric particle formation from CERN CLOUD measurements
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 2016
    In:  Science Vol. 354, No. 6316 ( 2016-12-02), p. 1119-1124
    Details
    In: Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 354, No. 6316 ( 2016-12-02), p. 1119-1124
    Abstract: Fundamental questions remain about the origin of newly formed atmospheric aerosol particles because data from laboratory measurements have been insufficient to build global models. In contrast, gas-phase chemistry models have been based on laboratory kinetics measurements for decades. We built a global model of aerosol formation by using extensive laboratory measurements of rates of nucleation involving sulfuric acid, ammonia, ions, and organic compounds conducted in the CERN CLOUD (Cosmics Leaving Outdoor Droplets) chamber. The simulations and a comparison with atmospheric observations show that nearly all nucleation throughout the present-day atmosphere involves ammonia or biogenic organic compounds, in addition to sulfuric acid. A considerable fraction of nucleation involves ions, but the relatively weak dependence on ion concentrations indicates that for the processes studied, variations in cosmic ray intensity do not appreciably affect climate through nucleation in the present-day atmosphere.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0036-8075 , 1095-9203
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1126/science.aaf2649
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 128410-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2066996-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2060783-0
    SSG: 11
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ion-induced sulfuric acid–ammonia nucleation drives particle formation in coastal Antarctica
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 2018
    In:  Science Advances Vol. 4, No. 11 ( 2018-11-02)
    Details
    In: Science Advances, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 4, No. 11 ( 2018-11-02)
    Abstract: Formation of new aerosol particles from trace gases is a major source of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) in the global atmosphere, with potentially large effects on cloud optical properties and Earth’s radiative balance. Controlled laboratory experiments have resolved, in detail, the different nucleation pathways likely responsible for atmospheric new particle formation, yet very little is known from field studies about the molecular steps and compounds involved in different regions of the atmosphere. The scarcity of primary particle sources makes secondary aerosol formation particularly important in the Antarctic atmosphere. Here, we report on the observation of ion-induced nucleation of sulfuric acid and ammonia—a process experimentally investigated by the CERN CLOUD experiment—as a major source of secondary aerosol particles over coastal Antarctica. We further show that measured high sulfuric acid concentrations, exceeding 10 7 molecules cm −3 , are sufficient to explain the observed new particle growth rates. Our findings show that ion-induced nucleation is the dominant particle formation mechanism, implying that galactic cosmic radiation plays a key role in new particle formation in the pristine Antarctic atmosphere.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2375-2548
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aat9744
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2810933-8
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oil droplet self-transportation on oleophobic surfaces
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 2016
    In:  Science Advances Vol. 2, No. 6 ( 2016-06-03)
    Details
    In: Science Advances, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 2, No. 6 ( 2016-06-03)
    Abstract: Directional liquid transportation is important for a variety of biological processes and technical applications. Although surface engineering through asymmetric chemical modification or geometrical patterning facilitates effective liquid manipulation and enables water droplet self-transportation on synthetic surfaces, self-transportation of oil droplets poses a major challenge because of their low surface tension. We report oil droplet self-transportation on oleophobic surfaces that are microtextured with radial arrays of undercut stripes. More significantly, we observe three modes of oil motion on various sample surfaces, namely, inward transportation, pinned, and outward spreading, which can be switched by the structure parameters, including stripe intersection angle and width. Accompanying theoretical modeling provides an in-depth mechanistic understanding of the structure–droplet motion relationship. Finally, we reveal how to optimize the texture parameters to maximize oil droplet self-transportation capability and demonstrate spontaneous droplet movement for liquids down to a surface tension of 22.4 mN/m. The surfaces presented here open up new avenues for power-free liquid transportation and oil contamination self-removal applications in various analytical and fluidic devices.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2375-2548
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1600148
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2810933-8
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