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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (26)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Autophagy-Dependent Viral Recognition by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 2007
    In:  Science Vol. 315, No. 5817 ( 2007-03-09), p. 1398-1401
    Details
    In: Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 315, No. 5817 ( 2007-03-09), p. 1398-1401
    Abstract: Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) detect viruses in the acidified endosomes by means of Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Yet, pDC responses to certain single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) viruses occur only after live viral infection. We present evidence here that the recognition of such viruses by TLR7 requires transport of cytosolic viral replication intermediates into the lysosome by the process of autophagy. In addition, autophagy was found to be required for the production of interferon-α by pDCs. These results support a key role for autophagy in mediating ssRNA virus detection and interferon-α secretion by pDCs and suggest that cytosolic replication intermediates of viruses serve as pathogen signatures recognized by TLR7.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0036-8075 , 1095-9203
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1126/science.1136880
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 128410-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2066996-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2060783-0
    SSG: 11
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  • 2
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    Sex differences in immune responses
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 2021
    In:  Science Vol. 371, No. 6527 ( 2021-01-22), p. 347-348
    Details
    In: Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 371, No. 6527 ( 2021-01-22), p. 347-348
    Abstract: Evidence increasingly indicates that male sex is a risk factor for more severe disease and death from COVID-19. Male bias in COVID-19 mortality is observed in nearly all countries with available sex-disaggregated data, and the risk of death in males is ∼1.7 times higher than in females ( 1 ). Aging is strongly associated with higher risk of death in both sexes, but at all ages above 30 years, males have a significantly higher mortality risk, rendering older males the most vulnerable group ( 1 ). Sex differences are intertwined with differences in gender roles socially and with behavioral factors, which also influence COVID-19 incidence and outcomes. However, there are also possible biological mechanisms of male sex bias that affect the severity of COVID-19, particularly with respect to immune responses.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0036-8075 , 1095-9203
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1126/science.abe7199
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 128410-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2066996-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2060783-0
    SSG: 11
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  • 3
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    Aging impairs both primary and secondary RIG-I signaling for interferon induction in human monocytes
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 2017
    In:  Science Signaling Vol. 10, No. 509 ( 2017-12-12)
    Details
    In: Science Signaling, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 10, No. 509 ( 2017-12-12)
    Abstract: Adults older than 65 account for most of the deaths caused by respiratory influenza A virus (IAV) infections, but the underlying mechanisms for this susceptibility are poorly understood. IAV RNA is detected by the cytosolic sensor retinoic acid–inducible gene I (RIG-I), which induces the production of type I interferons (IFNs) that curtail the spread of the virus and promote the elimination of infected cells. We have previously identified a marked defect in the IAV-inducible secretion of type I IFNs, but not proinflammatory cytokines, in monocytes from older ( 〉 65 years) healthy human donors. We found that monocytes from older adults exhibited decreased abundance of the adaptor protein TRAF3 (tumor necrosis factor receptor–associated factor 3) because of its increased proteasomal degradation with age, thereby impairing the primary RIG-I signaling pathway for the induction of type I IFNs. We determined that monocytes from older adults also failed to effectively stimulate the production of the IFN regulatory transcription factor IRF8, which compromised IFN induction through secondary RIG-I signaling. IRF8 played a central role in IFN induction in monocytes, because knocking down IRF8 in monocytes from younger adults was sufficient to replicate the IFN defects observed in monocytes from older adults, whereas restoring IRF8 expression in older adult monocytes was sufficient to restore RIG-I–induced IFN responses. Aging thus compromises both the primary and secondary RIG-I signaling pathways that govern expression of type I IFN genes, thereby impairing antiviral resistance to IAV.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1945-0877 , 1937-9145
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aan2392
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2017
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  • 4
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    The interaction between IKKα and LC3 promotes type I interferon production through the TLR9-containing LAPosome
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 2018
    In:  Science Signaling Vol. 11, No. 528 ( 2018-05)
    Details
    In: Science Signaling, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 11, No. 528 ( 2018-05)
    Abstract: Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) recognizes DNA in endosomes and activates distinct signaling pathways to stimulate the production of proinflammatory cytokines and type I interferons (IFNs). The assembly of signaling platforms on microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B–light chain 3 (LC3)–decorated endosomal vesicles is required to transduce TLR9 signals that stimulate the production of IFN but not interleukin-12 p40 (IL-12p40). LC3-associated phagocytosis (LAP), a form of noncanonical autophagy, is critical for the activation of interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7) and for IFN synthesis. We showed that after the stimulation of TLR9 by CpG oligonucleotides, the autophagy protein LC3 and the kinase IKKα were recruited to endosomes that contained TLR9. The recruitment of IKKα and LC3 to such signaling endosomes was not stimulated by catalysts of classical autophagosome formation but involved LAP formation, which required ATG5 but not FIP200. In addition, we found that the LC3-IKKα complex further associated with both TRAF3 and IRF7. We identified three putative LC3-interacting regions (LIRs) in IKKα, and mutagenesis suggested that two of these were critical for direct binding to LC3. Moreover, mutation of the same LIR sequences failed to rescue type I IFN production in IKKα-deficient dendritic cells upon reconstitution. Together, these data suggest a direct link between LAP formation and IKKα recruitment downstream of TLR9 activation that is necessary to facilitate type I IFN production.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1945-0877 , 1937-9145
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aan4144
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2018
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Kynurenic acid may underlie sex-specific immune responses to COVID-19
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 2021
    In:  Science Signaling Vol. 14, No. 690 ( 2021-07-06)
    Details
    In: Science Signaling, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 14, No. 690 ( 2021-07-06)
    Abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has poorer clinical outcomes in males than in females, and immune responses underlie these sex-related differences. Because immune responses are, in part, regulated by metabolites, we examined the serum metabolomes of COVID-19 patients. In male patients, kynurenic acid (KA) and a high KA–to–kynurenine (K) ratio (KA:K) positively correlated with age and with inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and negatively correlated with T cell responses. Males that clinically deteriorated had a higher KA:K than those that stabilized. KA inhibits glutamate release, and glutamate abundance was lower in patients that clinically deteriorated and correlated with immune responses. Analysis of data from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project revealed that the expression of the gene encoding the enzyme that produces KA, kynurenine aminotransferase, correlated with cytokine abundance and activation of immune responses in older males. This study reveals that KA has a sex-specific link to immune responses and clinical outcomes in COVID-19, suggesting a positive feedback between metabolites and immune responses in males.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1945-0877 , 1937-9145
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abf8483
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 6
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    The immunology and immunopathology of COVID-19
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 2022
    In:  Science Vol. 375, No. 6585 ( 2022-03-11), p. 1122-1127
    Details
    In: Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 375, No. 6585 ( 2022-03-11), p. 1122-1127
    Abstract: Considerable research effort has been made worldwide to decipher the immune response triggered upon severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections, identify the drivers of severe and fatal COVID-19, and understand what leads to the prolongation of symptoms after disease resolution. We review the results of almost 2 years of COVID-19 immunology research and discuss definitive findings and remaining questions regarding our understanding of COVID-19 pathophysiology. We discuss emerging understanding of differences in immune responses seen in those with and without Long Covid syndrome, also known as post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2. We hope that the knowledge gained from this COVID-19 research will be applied in studies of inflammatory processes involved in critical and chronic illnesses, which remain a major unmet need.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0036-8075 , 1095-9203
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1126/science.abm8108
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 128410-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2066996-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2060783-0
    SSG: 11
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  • 7
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    Ketogenic diet activates protective γδ T cell responses against influenza virus infection
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 2019
    In:  Science Immunology Vol. 4, No. 41 ( 2019-11)
    Details
    In: Science Immunology, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 4, No. 41 ( 2019-11)
    Abstract: Influenza A virus (IAV) infection–associated morbidity and mortality are a key global health care concern, necessitating the identification of new therapies capable of reducing the severity of IAV infections. In this study, we show that the consumption of a low-carbohydrate, high-fat ketogenic diet (KD) protects mice from lethal IAV infection and disease. KD feeding resulted in an expansion of γδ T cells in the lung that improved barrier functions, thereby enhancing antiviral resistance. Expansion of these protective γδ T cells required metabolic adaptation to a ketogenic diet because neither feeding mice a high-fat, high-carbohydrate diet nor providing chemical ketone body substrate that bypasses hepatic ketogenesis protected against infection. Therefore, KD-mediated immune-metabolic integration represents a viable avenue toward preventing or alleviating influenza disease.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2470-9468
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aav2026
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2019
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  • 8
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    Adaptive immune determinants of viral clearance and protection in mouse models of SARS-CoV-2
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 2021
    In:  Science Immunology Vol. 6, No. 64 ( 2021-10-29)
    Details
    In: Science Immunology, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 6, No. 64 ( 2021-10-29)
    Abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused more than 160 million infections and more than 3 million deaths worldwide. Although effective vaccines are currently being deployed, the adaptive immune determinants that promote viral clearance and confer protection remain poorly defined. Using mouse models of SARS-CoV-2, we demonstrate that both humoral and cellular adaptive immunity contribute to viral clearance in the setting of primary infection. Furthermore, we find that either convalescent mice or mice that receive mRNA vaccination are protected from both homologous infection and infection with a variant of concern, B.1.351. In addition, we find that this protection is largely mediated by antibody response and not cellular immunity. These results highlight the in vivo protective capacity of antibodies generated to both vaccine and natural infection.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2470-9468
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abl4509
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 9
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    Type I interferons instigate fetal demise after Zika virus infection
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 2018
    In:  Science Immunology Vol. 3, No. 19 ( 2018-01-26)
    Details
    In: Science Immunology, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 3, No. 19 ( 2018-01-26)
    Abstract: Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy is associated with adverse fetal outcomes, including microcephaly, growth restriction, and fetal demise. Type I interferons (IFNs) are essential for host resistance against ZIKV, and IFN-α/β receptor (IFNAR)–deficient mice are highly susceptible to ZIKV infection. Severe fetal growth restriction with placental damage and fetal resorption is observed after ZIKV infection of type I IFN receptor knockout ( Ifnar1 −/− ) dams mated with wild-type sires, resulting in fetuses with functional type I IFN signaling. The role of type I IFNs in limiting or mediating ZIKV disease within this congenital infection model remains unknown. In this study, we challenged Ifnar1 −/− dams mated with Ifnar1 +/− sires with ZIKV. This breeding scheme enabled us to examine pregnant dams that carry a mixture of fetuses that express ( Ifnar1 +/− ) or do not express IFNAR ( Ifnar1 −/− ) within the same uterus. Virus replicated to a higher titer in the placenta of Ifnar1 −/− than within the Ifnar1 +/− concepti. Yet, rather unexpectedly, we found that only Ifnar1 +/− fetuses were resorbed after ZIKV infection during early pregnancy, whereas their Ifnar1 −/− littermates continue to develop. Analyses of the fetus and placenta revealed that, after ZIKV infection, IFNAR signaling in the conceptus inhibits development of the placental labyrinth, resulting in abnormal architecture of the maternal-fetal barrier. Exposure of midgestation human chorionic villous explants to type I IFN, but not type III IFNs, altered placental morphology and induced cytoskeletal rearrangements within the villous core. Our results implicate type I IFNs as a possible mediator of pregnancy complications, including spontaneous abortions and growth restriction, in the context of congenital viral infections.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2470-9468
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aao1680
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2018
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  • 10
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    High-affinity, neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 can be made without T follicular helper cells
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 2022
    In:  Science Immunology Vol. 7, No. 68 ( 2022-02-04)
    Details
    In: Science Immunology, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 7, No. 68 ( 2022-02-04)
    Abstract: Complementary T FH cell–dependent and –independent pathways of antibody production mediate neutralizing responses to SARS-CoV-2.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2470-9468
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abl5652
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2022
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