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  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd  (785)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (93)
  • The American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)  (75)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In Vitro Toothbrush-Dentifrice Abrasion of Two Restorative Composites (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of esthetic and restorative dentistry 17 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1708-8240
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Surface wear can be a problem with directly placed composites.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉Purpose:: This study evaluated the in vitro wear and surface roughness of two composites at different cycle intervals after being subjected to toothbrush-dentifrice abrasion.〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉Materials and Methods: Twenty specimens of a microhybrid, Filtek Z250 (3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA), and a nanofill composite, Filtek Supreme (3M ESPE), were prepared according to the manufacturer's directions. Each specimen was subjected to toothbrush-dentifrice abrasion (250 g vertical load) using a deionized water-dentifrice slurry (Close-Up, Lever Ponds Ltd., La Lucia, ZA) and toothbrush heads (Oral-B 40, Oral-B Laboratories, Delmont, CA, USA). A brushing sequence of 10,000, 20,000, 50,000, and 100,000 strokes was performed for all samples at a rate of 1.5 Hz. At baseline and each cycle interval, a surface profilometer was used to determine average surface roughness, Ra. At the same intervals, vertical loss of material was measured with a precision micrometer. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance at p value .05. Analyses with atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were also performed.Results: After 20,000, 50,000, and 100,000 cycles, Filtek Supreme showed less significant wear than Z250. Filtek Supreme demonstrated higher surface roughness than Z250 after 50,000 and 100,000 cycles. However, AFM and SEM images indicated a more uniform surface topography for Filtek Supreme than for Z250. Abrasion wear and surface roughness increased with each cycle interval for both materials.Conclusions: Although the initial performance of both materials was similar, a greater number of brushing cycles revealed differences between the wear resistance and generated surface roughness of the materials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1708-8240.2005.tb00109.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cigarette Smoking, Polyunsaturated Fats, and Coronary Heart Disease (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 686 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb39167.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasminogen activator inhibitor-2 expression in inflamed appendix (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Histopathology 27 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Plasminogen activator inhibitors are thought to be responsible for the abolition of fibrinolytic activity in inflamed peritoneum. This reduction in the fibrin clearing capacity of the peritoneum promotes the formation of intraabdominal adhesions. High concentrations of plasminogen activator inhibitor-2 (PAI-2) have been previously found in inflamed peritoneal tissue using immunoassays, but it is undetectable in normal peritoneum. The aim of this study was to localize plasminogen activator inhibitor-2 production in tissue by in situ mRNA hybridisation. Sections of normal and inflamed human appendix were hybridised with a digoxigenin labelled cDNA probe. In normal appendix staining was confined to macrophages in the mucosa. Macrophage staining was also seen in inflamed tissue but with a wider distribution throughout the appendix wall. PAI-2 was also localized to mesothelial cells of inflamed but not normal appendix. Cell identities were confirmed using immunohistochemistry directed against cell specific markers. Staining was absent from control slides incubated with plasmid DNA or PAI-2 probe following ribonuclease digestion. The identification of the cells expressing the PAI-2 gene in peritoneum increases our understanding of the pathophysiological process leading to fibrin deposition within the abdomen during peritonitis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2559.1995.tb00295.x
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  • 4
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    An extensive reef system at the Amazon River mouth (2016)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-28
    Description: Large rivers create major gaps in reef distribution along tropical shelves. The Amazon River represents 20% of the global riverine discharge to the ocean, generating up to a 1.3 x 10 6 –km 2 plume, and extensive muddy bottoms in the equatorial margin of South America. As a result, a wide area of the tropical North Atlantic is heavily affected in terms of salinity, pH, light penetration, and sedimentation. Such unfavorable conditions were thought to imprint a major gap in Western Atlantic reefs. We present an extensive carbonate system off the Amazon mouth, underneath the river plume. Significant carbonate sedimentation occurred during lowstand sea level, and still occurs in the outer shelf, resulting in complex hard-bottom topography. A permanent near-bottom wedge of ocean water, together with the seasonal nature of the plume’s eastward retroflection, conditions the existence of this extensive (~9500 km 2 ) hard-bottom mosaic. The Amazon reefs transition from accretive to erosional structures and encompass extensive rhodolith beds. Carbonate structures function as a connectivity corridor for wide depth–ranging reef-associated species, being heavily colonized by large sponges and other structure-forming filter feeders that dwell under low light and high levels of particulates. The oxycline between the plume and subplume is associated with chemoautotrophic and anaerobic microbial metabolisms. The system described here provides several insights about the responses of tropical reefs to suboptimal and marginal reef-building conditions, which are accelerating worldwide due to global changes.
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Astronomy. ASASSN-15lh: A highly super-luminous supernova (2016)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-01-28
    Description: We report the discovery of ASASSN-15lh (SN 2015L), which we interpret as the most luminous supernova yet found. At redshift z = 0.2326, ASASSN-15lh reached an absolute magnitude of Mu ,AB = -23.5 +/- 0.1 and bolometric luminosity Lbol = (2.2 +/- 0.2) x 10(45) ergs s(-1), which is more than twice as luminous as any previously known supernova. It has several major features characteristic of the hydrogen-poor super-luminous supernovae (SLSNe-I), whose energy sources and progenitors are currently poorly understood. In contrast to most previously known SLSNe-I that reside in star-forming dwarf galaxies, ASASSN-15lh appears to be hosted by a luminous galaxy (MK approximately -25.5) with little star formation. In the 4 months since first detection, ASASSN-15lh radiated (1.1 +/- 0.2) x 10(52) ergs, challenging the magnetar model for its engine.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dong, Subo -- Shappee, B J -- Prieto, J L -- Jha, S W -- Stanek, K Z -- Holoien, T W-S -- Kochanek, C S -- Thompson, T A -- Morrell, N -- Thompson, I B -- Basu, U -- Beacom, J F -- Bersier, D -- Brimacombe, J -- Brown, J S -- Bufano, F -- Chen, Ping -- Conseil, E -- Danilet, A B -- Falco, E -- Grupe, D -- Kiyota, S -- Masi, G -- Nicholls, B -- Olivares E, F -- Pignata, G -- Pojmanski, G -- Simonian, G V -- Szczygiel, D M -- Wozniak, P R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Jan 15;351(6270):257-60. doi: 10.1126/science.aac9613.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University, Yi He Yuan Road 5, Hai Dian District, Beijing 100871, China. dongsubo@pku.edu.cn. ; Carnegie Observatories, 813 Santa Barbara Street, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA. ; Nucleo de Astronomia de la Facultad de Ingenieria, Universidad Diego Portales, Av. Ejercito 441, Santiago, Chile. Millennium Institute of Astrophysics, Santiago, Chile. ; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 136 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA. ; Department of Astronomy, The Ohio State University, 140 W. 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics (CCAPP), The Ohio State University, 191 W. Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. ; Las Campanas Observatory, Carnegie Observatories, Casilla 601, La Serena, Chile. ; Department of Astronomy, The Ohio State University, 140 W. 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. ; Department of Astronomy, The Ohio State University, 140 W. 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics (CCAPP), The Ohio State University, 191 W. Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, 191 W. Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. ; Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK. ; Coral Towers Observatory, Cairns, Queensland 4870, Australia. ; INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, Via S.Sofia 78, 95123, Catania, Italy. ; Department of Astronomy, Peking University, Yi He Yuan Road 5, Hai Dian District, 100871, P. R. China. ; Association Francaise des Observateurs d'Etoiles Variables (AFOEV), Observatoire de Strasbourg 11, rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France. ; Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. ; Department of Earth and Space Science, Morehead State University, 235 Martindale Drive, Morehead, KY 40351, USA. ; Variable Star Observers League in Japan (VSOLJ), 7-1 Kitahatsutomi, Kamagaya, Chiba 273-0126, Japan. ; The Virtual Telescope Project, Via Madonna de Loco 47, 03023 Ceccano, Italy. ; Mt Vernon Observatory, 6 Mt Vernon pl, Nelson, New Zealand. ; Millennium Institute of Astrophysics, Santiago, Chile. Departamento Ciencias Fisicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Av. Republica 252, Santiago, Chile. ; Warsaw University Astronomical Observatory, Al. Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland. ; Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop B244, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26816375" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Annually resolved ice core records of tropical climate variability over the past ~1800 years (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-04-06
    Description: Ice cores from low latitudes can provide a wealth of unique information about past climate in the tropics, but they are difficult to recover and few exist. Here, we report annually resolved ice core records from the Quelccaya ice cap (5670 meters above sea level) in Peru that extend back ~1800 years and provide a high-resolution record of climate variability there. Oxygen isotopic ratios (delta(18)O) are linked to sea surface temperatures in the tropical eastern Pacific, whereas concentrations of ammonium and nitrate document the dominant role played by the migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone in the region of the tropical Andes. Quelccaya continues to retreat and thin. Radiocarbon dates on wetland plants exposed along its retreating margins indicate that it has not been smaller for at least six millennia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thompson, L G -- Mosley-Thompson, E -- Davis, M E -- Zagorodnov, V S -- Howat, I M -- Mikhalenko, V N -- Lin, P-N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 May 24;340(6135):945-50. doi: 10.1126/science.1234210. Epub 2013 Apr 4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Byrd Polar Research Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. thompson.3@osu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23558172" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Climate Change ; *Ice Cover ; Nitrates/analysis ; Oxygen Isotopes/analysis ; Peru ; Plants ; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds/analysis ; *Tropical Climate ; Wetlands
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Durability of Resin Bonds to Pure Titanium (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of prosthodontics 4 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1532-849X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Purpose This study evaluated the bond strength and bond durability of new adhesive systems to pure titanium.Materials and Methods Plexiglass tubes filled with composite were bonded to titanium discs. Groups of 24 samples were bonded using six different bonding systems. Subgroups of eight bonded samples were stored in an isotonic artificial saliva solution (37°C) for 1, 30, or 150 days. In addition, the 30- and 150-day samples were thermal cycled for 7,500 or 37,500 cycles between 5°C and 55°C, respectively. After these storage conditions, all samples were debonded in tension.Results The bond strength of a conventional bisphenol-A glycidyl methacrylate composite to sandblasted titanium was significantly lower than using chemomechanical bonding systems and decreased slightly during the storage time of 150 days. The additional use of a silane on sandblasted titanium resulted in an insignificant increase in bond strength and decreased over storage time to the same level as on sandblasted-only titanium. Statistically significant higher bond strengths were achieved either with the combination of silica coating and use of a conventional bisphenol-A glycidyl methacrylate composite or with the combination of sandblasting and the use of composites modified with a phosphate monomer. In the latter systems, the bond strengths were only limited by the cohesive strength of the composite resins. A new phosphate monomer containing composite showed a tendency to lose cohesive strength over time (statistically not significant).Conclusions Using chemomechanical bonding systems, ie, silica-coating systems or modified composites with adhesive monomers, resulted in 2 to 2.5 times increased bond strength to titanium compared with the bond strength of a conventional bisphenol-A glycidyl methacrylate composite. With chemomechanical bonding systems, the resin bond to titanium was durable over 150 days, even after being stored in water and thermal cycled.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-849X.1995.tb00309.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Using Animated Probability Plots to Explore the Suitability of Mixture Models with Two Component Distributions (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Risk analysis 19 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1539-6924
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Risk assessors often use different probability plots as a way to assessthe fit of a particular distribution or model by comparing the plotted points to a straight line and to obtain estimates of the parameters in parametric distributions or models. When empirical data do not fall in a sufficiently straight line on a probability plot, and when no other single parametricdistribution provides an acceptable (graphical) fit to the data, the risk assessor may consider a mixture model with two component distributions. Animated probability plots are a way to visualize the possible behaviors of mixture models with two component distributions. When no single parametric distribution provides an adequate fit to an empirical dataset, animated probability plots can help an analyst pick some plausible mixture models for the data based on their qualitative fit. After using animations during exploratory data analysis, the analyst must then use other statistical tools, including but not limited to: Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) to find the optimal parameters, Goodness of Fit (GoF) tests, and a variety of diagnostic plots to check the adequacy of the fit. Using a specific example with two LogNormal components, we illustrate the use of animated probability plots asa tool for exploring the suitability of a mixture model with two component distributions. Animations work well with other types of probability plots, and they may be extended to analyze mixture models with three or more component distributions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.1999.tb01137.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Role of Performance Assessment in the Regulation of Underground Disposal of Radioactive Wastes: An International Perspective (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Risk analysis 19 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1539-6924
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Much has been written about the development and application of quantitative methods for estimating under uncertainty the long-term radiological performance of underground disposal of radioactive wastes. Until recently, interest has been focused almost entirely on the technical challenges regardless of the role of the organization responsible for these analyses. Now the dialogue between regulators, the repository developer or operator, and other interested parties in the decision-making process receives increasing attention, especially in view of some current difficulties in obtaining approvals to construct or operate deep facilities for intermediate or high-level wastes. Consequently, it is timely to consider the options for regulators’review and evaluation of safety submissions, at the various stages in the site selection to repository closure process, and to consider, especially, the role for performance assessment (PA) within the programs of a regulator both before and after delivery of such a submission. The origins and broad character of present regulations in the European Union (EU) and in the OECD countries are outlined and some regulatory PA reviewed. The issues raised are discussed, especially in regard to the interpretation of regulations, the dangers from the desire for simplicity in argument, the use of regulatory PA to review and challenge the PA in the safety case, and the effects of the relationship between proponent and regulator. Finally, a very limited analysis of the role of PA in public hearings is outlined and recommendations are made, together with proposals for improving the mechanisms for international collaboration on technical issues of regulatory concern.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.1999.tb00447.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition and Metastatic Progression in Carcinoma (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @breast journal 2 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1524-4741
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1524-4741.1996.tb00076.x
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