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  • American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)  (27)
  • 1
    In: Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 82, No. 14 ( 2022-07-18), p. 2520-2537
    Abstract: Evidence points toward the differentiation state of cells as a marker of cancer risk and progression. Measuring the differentiation state of single cells in a preneoplastic population could thus enable novel strategies for early detection and risk prediction. Recent maps of somatic mutagenesis in normal tissues from young healthy individuals have revealed cancer driver mutations, indicating that these do not correlate well with differentiation state and that other molecular events also contribute to cancer development. We hypothesized that the differentiation state of single cells can be measured by estimating the regulatory activity of the transcription factors (TF) that control differentiation within that cell lineage. To this end, we present a novel computational method called CancerStemID that estimates a stemness index of cells from single-cell RNA sequencing data. CancerStemID is validated in two human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cohorts, demonstrating how it can identify undifferentiated preneoplastic cells whose transcriptomic state is overrepresented in invasive cancer. Spatial transcriptomics and whole-genome bisulfite sequencing demonstrated that differentiation activity of tissue-specific TFs was decreased in cancer cells compared with the basal cell-of-origin layer and established that differentiation state correlated with differential DNA methylation at the promoters of these TFs, independently of underlying NOTCH1 and TP53 mutations. The findings were replicated in a mouse model of ESCC development, and the broad applicability of CancerStemID to other cancer-types was demonstrated. In summary, these data support an epigenetic stem-cell model of oncogenesis and highlight a novel computational strategy to identify stem-like preneoplastic cells that undergo positive selection. Significance: This study develops a computational strategy to dissect the heterogeneity of differentiation states within a preneoplastic cell population, allowing identification of stem-like cells that may drive cancer progression.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-5472 , 1538-7445
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    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 2
    In: Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 80, No. 2 ( 2020-01-15), p. 319-333
    Abstract: The tumorigenic role and underlying mechanisms of lipid accumulation, commonly observed in many cancers, remain insufficiently understood. In this study, we identified an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)–GATA-binding protein 3 (GATA3)–enoyl-CoA hydratase short-chain 1 (ECHS1) pathway that induces lipid accumulation and promotes cell proliferation in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Decreased expression of ECHS1, which is responsible for inactivation of fatty acid (FA) oxidation and activation of de novo FA synthesis, positively associated with ccRCC progression and predicted poor patient survival. Mechanistically, ECHS1 downregulation induced FA and branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) accumulation, which inhibited AMPK-promoted expression of GATA3, a transcriptional activator of ECHS1. BCAA accumulation induced activation of mTORC1 and de novo FA synthesis, and promoted cell proliferation. Furthermore, GATA3 expression phenocopied ECHS1 in predicting ccRCC progression and patient survival. The AMPK–GATA3–ECHS1 pathway may offer new therapeutic approaches and prognostic assessment for ccRCC in the clinic. Significance: These findings uncover molecular mechanisms underlying lipid accumulation in ccRCC, suggesting the AMPK–GATA3–ECHS1 pathway as a potential therapeutic target and prognostic biomarker.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-5472 , 1538-7445
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    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 3
    In: Clinical Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 26, No. 8 ( 2020-04-15), p. 1944-1952
    Abstract: With increasing incidence of renal mass, it is important to make a pretreatment differentiation between benign renal mass and malignant tumor. We aimed to develop a deep learning model that distinguishes benign renal tumors from renal cell carcinoma (RCC) by applying a residual convolutional neural network (ResNet) on routine MR imaging. Experimental Design: Preoperative MR images (T2-weighted and T1-postcontrast sequences) of 1,162 renal lesions definitely diagnosed on pathology or imaging in a multicenter cohort were divided into training, validation, and test sets (70:20:10 split). An ensemble model based on ResNet was built combining clinical variables and T1C and T2WI MR images using a bagging classifier to predict renal tumor pathology. Final model performance was compared with expert interpretation and the most optimized radiomics model. Results: Among the 1,162 renal lesions, 655 were malignant and 507 were benign. Compared with a baseline zero rule algorithm, the ensemble deep learning model had a statistically significant higher test accuracy (0.70 vs. 0.56, P = 0.004). Compared with all experts averaged, the ensemble deep learning model had higher test accuracy (0.70 vs. 0.60, P = 0.053), sensitivity (0.92 vs. 0.80, P = 0.017), and specificity (0.41 vs. 0.35, P = 0.450). Compared with the radiomics model, the ensemble deep learning model had higher test accuracy (0.70 vs. 0.62, P = 0.081), sensitivity (0.92 vs. 0.79, P = 0.012), and specificity (0.41 vs. 0.39, P = 0.770). Conclusions: Deep learning can noninvasively distinguish benign renal tumors from RCC using conventional MR imaging in a multi-institutional dataset with good accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity comparable with experts and radiomics.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1078-0432 , 1557-3265
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    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) ; 2023
    In:  Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention Vol. 32, No. 4 ( 2023-04-03), p. 531-541
    In: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 32, No. 4 ( 2023-04-03), p. 531-541
    Abstract: Previous studies indicated that glucosamine supplements may have a general anticancer effect. This study aimed to assess whether the potential effect differs across different types of cancers in a large prospective cohort study. Methods: All participants from the UK Biobank who were free of cancers and had complete information on glucosamine use at baseline were included and followed up from 2006 until 2021. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the associations between regular glucosamine use and different site-specific cancers. Subgroup analyses were performed to explore potential interactions. Several sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the robustness of the main findings. Results: A total of 450,207 eligible participants (mean age: 56.2 years; females: 53.3%) were included, of whom 84,895 (18.9%) reported regular glucosamine use at baseline. During a median of 12.5 years follow-up, glucosamine use was significantly associated with an increased risk of overall cancer [HR, 1.04; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01–1.06], skin cancer (HR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.07–1.15), and prostate cancer (HR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.01–1.13), and with a reduced risk of lung cancer (HR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.79–0.97) after adjusting for potential confounders. Statistical interaction was observed for gender, age, and education for the association of glucosamine use with overall cancer risk (all Pinteraction  & lt; 0.027). These results remained unchanged in the sensitivity analyses. Conclusions: Regular glucosamine use was associated with lower risk of lung cancer but higher risk of skin cancer, prostate cancer, and overall cancer. Impact: The roles of glucosamine use potentially differ in the development of different site-specific cancers.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1055-9965 , 1538-7755
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) ; 2014
    In:  Molecular Cancer Research Vol. 12, No. 10 ( 2014-10-01), p. 1388-1397
    In: Molecular Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 12, No. 10 ( 2014-10-01), p. 1388-1397
    Abstract: Alterations of polycomb group (PcG) genes directly modulate the trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3) and may thus affect the epigenome of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which is crucial for controlling the HCC cell phenotype. However, the extent of downstream regulation by PcGs in HCC is not well defined. Using cDNA microarray analysis, we found that the target gene network of PcGs contains well-established genes, such as cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKN2A), and genes that were previously undescribed for their regulation by PcG, including E2F1, NOTCH2, and TP53. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, we demonstrated that EZH2 occupancy coincides with H3K27me3 at E2F1 and NOTCH2 promoters. Interestingly, PcG repress the expression of the typical tumor suppressor TP53 in human HCC cells, and an increased level of PcG was correlated with the downregulation of TP53 in certain HCC specimens. Unexpectedly, we did not find obvious H3K27me3 modification or an EZH2 binding signal at the TP53 promoters, suggesting that PcG regulates TP53 expression in an H3K27me3-independent manner. Finally, the reduced expression of PcGs effectively blocked the aggressive signature of liver cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Implications: Taken together, our results establish the functional and mechanistic significance of certain gene regulatory networks that are regulated by PcGs in HCC. Visual Overview: http://mcr.aacrjournals.org/content/12/10/1388/F1.large.jpg. Mol Cancer Res; 12(10); 1388–97. ©2014 AACR.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1541-7786 , 1557-3125
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2014
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) ; 2023
    In:  Molecular Cancer Research ( 2023-09-20), p. OF1-OF14
    In: Molecular Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), ( 2023-09-20), p. OF1-OF14
    Abstract: The pathologic significance of the circular RNA DDIT4 (circDDIT4), which is formed by backsplicing at the 3′-untranslated region (UTR) with a 5′ splice acceptor site in exon 2 of linear DDIT4 mRNA, has yet to be determined. Our study found that circDDIT4 is downregulated in prostate cancer and functions as a tumor suppressor during prostate cancer progression. By competitively binding to ELAV-like RNA binding protein 1 (ELAVL1/HuR) through its 3′-UTR, circDDIT4 acts as a protein sponge to decrease the expression of prostate cancer–overexpressed anoctamin 7 (ANO7). This promotes prostate cancer cell apoptosis while inhibiting cell proliferation and metastasis. Furthermore, we discovered that N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification facilitates the biogenesis of circDDIT4. The methyltransferase complex consisting of WTAP/METTL3/METTL14 increases the level of circDDIT4, while the RNA demethylase FTO decreases it. Implications: These findings suggest that abnormal cotranscriptional modification of m6A promotes prostate cancer initiation and progression via a circular RNA-protein-cell signaling network.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1541-7786 , 1557-3125
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2023
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    SSG: 12
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) ; 2013
    In:  Molecular Cancer Therapeutics Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2013-01-01), p. 83-93
    In: Molecular Cancer Therapeutics, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2013-01-01), p. 83-93
    Abstract: miRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that participate in a variety of biologic processes, and dysregulation of miRNA is always associated with cancer development and progression. Aberrant expression of miR-148b has been found in some types of cancer, but its expression and potential biologic role in pancreatic cancer are still largely unknown. In this study, our data showed that miR-148b was significantly downregulated in 48 pairs of human pancreatic cancer tissues and five cell lines. Furthermore, the deregulated miR-148b was correlated with increased tumor size, late tumor–node–metastasis stage, lymphatic invasion, distant metastasis, and worse prognosis in pancreatic cancer. Functional studies indicated overexpression of miR-148b dramatically suppressed the growth of cancer cells, attributable to induction of apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest at S-phase. Meanwhile, miR-148b remarkably inhibited invasion and enhanced chemosensitivity of pancreatic cancer cells. Moreover, ectopic expression of miR-148b was able to inhibit tumorigenicity in nude mice. Further studies revealed that AMPKα1 might be the direct target gene of miR-148b, and overexpressed AMPKα1 inversely correlated with miR-148b in pancreatic cancer. Silencing of AMPKα1 with RNA interference inhibited the growth of pancreatic cancer cells in vitro and in vivo and also induced apoptosis, cell-cycle arrest, and inhibited invasion of cancer cells, which is consistent with the effects of miR-148b overexpression. In conclusion, miR-148b can inhibit cell proliferation, invasion, and enhance chemosensitivity of pancreatic cancer by targeting AMPKα1. Our present results implicate the potential effects of miR-148b on prognosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer. Mol Cancer Ther; 12(1); 83–93. ©2012 AACR.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1535-7163 , 1538-8514
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2013
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    SSG: 12
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  • 8
    In: Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 75, No. 15_Supplement ( 2015-08-01), p. 1581-1581
    Abstract: Lung cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers world-wide. It is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage with low survival rates. Early detection and intervention can have a profound impact in improving survival. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs), or cells shed by the tumor into the blood circulation, offer a less invasive method of tumor biopsy. Surgical lobectomy for early stage lung cancers provides access to the pulmonary vein (PV) draining the affected lobe, and is presumably an enriched source of CTCs shed by the primary lung tumor. Analyzing peripheral (Pe) and pulmonary vein (PV) blood combined could potentially shed light onto optimal markers and disease progression. We hypothesize that blood from the pulmonary vein has a higher abundance of CTCs than peripheral blood, thereby providing a larger yield of CTCs from early lung cancer patients for downstream analysis. A cohort of greater than 30 lung cancer patients was enrolled in a pilot study. PV and Pe blood specimens from these patients were obtained at different time points in the perioperative time period, and were processed through a high-throughput microfluidic device, the OncoBean Chip that isolates CTCs by immuno-affinity based capture. A higher number of PV CTCs were detected than from Pe. In addition, rare CTC clusters were observed in the PV blood in some cases, which were further characterized for protein expression. Gene expression analysis was performed for comparison of CTCs obtained from these two different sources. Evaluating different CTC sources along the venous drainage of a tumor could potentially offer an insight into CTC biology and spread of the disease. Citation Format: Vasudha Murlidhar, Rishindra M. Reddy, Ebrahim Azizi, Lili Zhao, Svetlana Grabauskiene, Zhuo Zhang, Nithya Ramnath, Jules Lin, Andrew C. Chang, Philip W. Carrott, William R. Lynch, Mark B. Orringer, Max S. Wicha, Nallasivam Palanisamy, David G. Beer, Sunitha Nagrath. A study of pulmonary and peripheral vein blood as sources of circulating tumor cells in early lung cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 1581. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-1581
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-5472 , 1538-7445
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    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2015
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  • 9
    In: Clinical Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 24, No. 1 ( 2018-01-01), p. 130-144
    Abstract: Purpose: Agents extracted from natural sources with antitumor property have attracted considerable attention from researchers and clinicians because of their safety, efficacy, and immediate availability. Degalactotigonin (DGT), extracted from Solanum nigrum L., has anticancer properties without serious side effects. Here, we explored whether DGT can inhibit the growth and metastasis of osteosarcoma. Experimental Design: MTT, colony formation, and apoptosis assays were performed to analyze the effects of DGT on osteosarcoma cell viability in vitro. The migration and invasion abilities were measured using a Transwell assay. Animal models were used to assess the roles of DGT in both tumor growth and metastasis of osteosarcoma. Gli1 expression and function were measured in osteosarcoma cells and clinical samples. After DGT treatment, Gli1 activation and the phosphorylation status of multiple cellular kinases were measured with a luciferase reporter and phospho-kinase antibody array. Results: DGT inhibited proliferation, induced apoptosis, and suppressed migration and invasion in osteosarcoma cells. DGT, injected intraperitoneally after tumor inoculation, significantly decreased the volume of osteosarcoma xenografts and dramatically diminished the occurrence of osteosarcoma xenograft metastasis to the lungs. Mechanistically, DGT inhibited osteosarcoma growth and metastasis through repression of the Hedgehog/Gli1 pathway, which maintains malignant phenotypes and is involved in the prognosis of osteosarcoma patients. DGT decreased the activity of multiple intracellular kinases that affect the survival of osteosarcoma patients, including GSK3β. In addition, DGT represses the Hedgehog/Gli1 pathway mainly through GSK3β inactivation. Conclusions: Our studies provide evidence that DGT can suppress the growth and metastasis of human osteosarcoma through modulation of GSK3β inactivation–mediated repression of the Hedgehog/Gli1 pathway. Clin Cancer Res; 24(1); 130–44. ©2017 AACR.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1078-0432 , 1557-3265
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    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2018
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  • 10
    In: Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 77, No. 18 ( 2017-09-15), p. 5194-5206
    Abstract: Early detection of metastasis can be aided by circulating tumor cells (CTC), which also show potential to predict early relapse. Because of the limited CTC numbers in peripheral blood in early stages, we investigated CTCs in pulmonary vein blood accessed during surgical resection of tumors. Pulmonary vein (PV) and peripheral vein (Pe) blood specimens from patients with lung cancer were drawn during the perioperative period and assessed for CTC burden using a microfluidic device. From 108 blood samples analyzed from 36 patients, PV had significantly higher number of CTCs compared with preoperative Pe (P & lt; 0.0001) and intraoperative Pe (P & lt; 0.001) blood. CTC clusters with large number of CTCs were observed in 50% of patients, with PV often revealing larger clusters. Long-term surveillance indicated that presence of clusters in preoperative Pe blood predicted a trend toward poor prognosis. Gene expression analysis by RT-qPCR revealed enrichment of p53 signaling and extracellular matrix involvement in PV and Pe samples. Ki67 expression was detected in 62.5% of PV samples and 59.2% of Pe samples, with the majority (72.7%) of patients positive for Ki67 expression in PV having single CTCs as opposed to clusters. Gene ontology analysis revealed enrichment of cell migration and immune-related pathways in CTC clusters, suggesting survival advantage of clusters in circulation. Clusters display characteristics of therapeutic resistance, indicating the aggressive nature of these cells. Thus, CTCs isolated from early stages of lung cancer are predictive of poor prognosis and can be interrogated to determine biomarkers predictive of recurrence. Cancer Res; 77(18); 5194–206. ©2017 AACR.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-5472 , 1538-7445
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    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2017
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1432-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 410466-3
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