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  • American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)  (14)
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  • American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)  (14)
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  • 1
    In: Cancer Discovery, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 12, No. 7 ( 2022-07-06), p. 1690-1701
    Abstract: The efficacy and potential limitations of molecular residual disease (MRD) detection urgently need to be fully elucidated in a larger population of non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We enrolled 261 patients with stages I to III NSCLC who underwent definitive surgery, and 913 peripheral blood samples were successfully detected by MRD assay. Within the population, only six patients (3.2%) with longitudinal undetectable MRD recurred, resulting in a negative predictive value of 96.8%. Longitudinal undetectable MRD may define the patients who were cured. The peak risk of developing detectable MRD was approximately 18 months after landmark detection. Correspondingly, the positive predictive value of longitudinal detectable MRD was 89.1%, with a median lead time of 3.4 months. However, brain-only recurrence was less commonly detected by MRD (n = 1/5, 20%). Further subgroup analyses revealed that patients with undetectable MRD might not benefit from adjuvant therapy. Together, these results expound the value of MRD in NSCLC. Significance: This study confirms the prognostic value of MRD detection in patients with NSCLC after definitive surgery, especially in those with longitudinal undetectable MRD, which might represent the potentially cured population regardless of stage and adjuvant therapy. Moreover, the risk of developing detectable MRD decreased stepwise after 18 months since landmark detection. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1599
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2159-8274 , 2159-8290
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 2
    In: Clinical Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 20, No. 5 ( 2014-03-01), p. 1383-1392
    Abstract: Purpose: We investigated the incidence of concomitant epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangements in Chinese patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and assessed responses to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) and crizotinib in such tumors. Experimental Design: We screened 977 consecutive patients with NSCLC for the presence of concomitant EGFR mutations and ALK rearrangements by rapid amplification of cDNA ends-coupled PCR sequencing and FISH. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blotting were used to correlate the activation of EGFR, ALK, and downstream proteins with responses to EGFR-TKIs and crizotinib. Results: The overall frequency of concomitant EGFR mutations and ALK rearrangements was 1.3% (13/977). EGFR/ALK co-alterations were found in 3.9% (13/336) EGFR-mutant and 18.6% (13/70) ALK-rearranged patients. Ten tumors were treated with first-line EGFR-TKIs, with a response rate of 80% (8/10). Two tumors with high phospho-ALK levels and low phospho-EGFR levels achieved stable and progressive disease, respectively. Median progression-free survival was 11.2 months. Coexpression of mutant EGFR and ALK fusion proteins in the same tumor cell populations was detected by IHC. Two cases with high phospho-ALK levels treated with crizotinib achieved partial responses; two cases with low phospho-ALK levels had progressive or stable disease. Conclusion: ALK rearrangements and EGFR mutations could coexist in a small subgroup of NSCLC. Advanced pulmonary adenocarcinomas with such co-alterations could have diverse responses to EGFR-TKIs and crizotinib. Relative phospho-ALK and phospho-EGFR levels could predict the efficacy of EGFR-TKI and crizotinib. Clin Cancer Res; 20(5); 1383–92. ©2014 AACR.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1078-0432 , 1557-3265
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2014
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  • 3
    In: Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 80, No. 4 ( 2020-02-15), p. 675-688
    Abstract: Suppression of gluconeogenesis elevates glycolysis and is commonly observed in tumors derived from gluconeogenic tissues including liver and kidney, yet the definitive regulatory mechanism remains elusive. Here, we screened an array of transcription regulators and identified the enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) as a key factor that inhibits gluconeogenesis in cancer cells. Specifically, EZH2 repressed the expression of a rate-limiting gluconeogenic enzyme fructose-1, 6-bisphosphatase 1 (FBP1) and promoted tumor growth primarily through FBP1 suppression. Furthermore, EZH2 was upregulated by genotoxins that commonly induce hepatic and renal tumorigenesis. Genotoxin treatments augmented EZH2 acetylation, leading to reduced association between EZH2 and its E3 ubiquitin ligase SMURF2. Consequently, EZH2 became less ubiquitinated and more stabilized, promoting FBP1 attenuation and tumor formation. Intriguingly, FBP1 physically interacted with EZH2, competed for EZH2 binding, and dissembled the polycomb complex. Therefore, FBP1 suppresses polycomb-initiated transcriptional responses and constitutes a double-negative feedback loop indispensable for EZH2-promoted tumorigenesis. Finally, EZH2 and FBP1 levels were inversely correlated in tumor tissues and accurately predicted patient survival. This work reveals an unexpected cross-talk between epigenetic and metabolic events, and identifies a new feedback circuitry that highlights EZH2 inhibitors as liver and kidney cancer therapeutics. Significance: A novel feedback loop involving EZH2 and suppression of the gluconeogenesis enzyme FBP1 promotes hepatocellular cancer growth. See related commentary by Leithner, p. 657
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-5472 , 1538-7445
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    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 4
    In: Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 78, No. 11 ( 2018-06-01), p. 3041-3053
    Abstract: Potassium ion channels are emerging as promalignant factors involved in cancer progression. In this study, we found that invading human gastric cancer cells express high levels of inwardly rectifying potassium channel 2.1 (Kir2.1). Silencing Kir2.1 markedly reduced the invasive and metastatic capabilities as well as the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) of gastric cancer cells. The promalignant nature of Kir2.1 in gastric cancer cells was independent of potassium permeation but relied on its interaction with serine/threonine-protein kinase 38 (Stk38) to inhibit ubiquitination and degradation of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 2 (MEKK2). Degradation of MEKK2 was mediated by small mothers against decapentaplegic-specific E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 (Smurf1), which resulted in activation of the MEK1/2–ERK1/2–Snail pathway in gastric cancer cells. In human gastric cancer tissues, expression was high and positively correlated with invasion depth and metastatic status of the tumors as well as poor overall patient survival. Cox regression analysis identified Kir2.1 as an independent prognostic indicator for patients with gastric cancer. Our results suggest that Kir2.1 is an important regulator of gastric cancer malignancy and acts as a novel prognostic marker and a therapeutic target for gastric cancer. Significance: Kir2.1 contributes to invasion and metastasis by a noncanonical ion permeation–independent signaling pathway and may act as a novel prognostic marker and therapeutic target for gastric cancer. Cancer Res; 78(11); 3041–53. ©2018 AACR.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-5472 , 1538-7445
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    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2018
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  • 5
    In: Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 72, No. 8_Supplement ( 2012-04-15), p. 4573-4573
    Abstract: Purpose Patient selection is needed as target therapy had efficacy only to the subsets of patients with specific genetic alterations. We aimed to clarify the subgroups for enriching the patients with candidate driver genes. Patients and Methods The patients who performed clinical genetic tests at Guangdong General Hospital with primary lung cancer were enrolled. Driver genes were detected by sequencing, high-resolution melting analysis, qPCR, or multiple PCR and RACE methods. Results 524 patients were enrolled in this study and the differences of driver genes among subgroups on histology and smoking status were analyzed. In adenocarcinoma with non-smoker subgroup, EGFR mutation was the most frequently altered gene with 49·8%, followed by EML4-ALK (9·3%), PTEN (9·1%), PIK3CA (5·2%), c-Met (4·8%), KRAS (4·5%), and BRAF (1·9%). The three most frequently altered genes in adenocarcinoma with smoker subgroup were EGFR (22·0%), KRAS (12·0), and EML4-ALK (4·5%). We only found EGFR (8·0 %), c-Met (2·8%), and PIK3CA (2·6%) alterations in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) with non-smoker subgroup. PTEN (16·1%), PIK3CA (7·2%), and EML4-ALK (6·5%) were the three most frequently enriched genes in SCC with smoker subgroup. DDR2 and FGFR2 only presented in SCC with smoker subgroup (4·4% and 2·2%, respectively). Among these four subgroups, the differences of EGFR, KRAS, and PTEN mutations were statistically significant. Conclusion The distinct features of driver genes in different subgroups based on histology and smoking status were very helpful to enrich the patients for guiding the future clinical trials target these genes. The study also suggested that we can consider the patients with infrequently alteration rates of driver genes as an orphan disease and should provide special management model with special molecular targeted therapy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4573. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4573
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-5472 , 1538-7445
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2012
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  • 6
    In: Clinical Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 23, No. 12 ( 2017-06-15), p. 3012-3024
    Abstract: Purpose: Although clinical studies have shown promise for targeting programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) and ligand (PD-L1) signaling in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the factors that predict which subtype patients will be responsive to checkpoint blockade are not fully understood. Experimental Design: We performed an integrated analysis on the multiple-dimensional data types including genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and clinical data from cohorts of lung adenocarcinoma public (discovery set) and internal (validation set) database and immunotherapeutic patients. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to determine potentially relevant gene expression signatures between specific subgroups. Results: We observed that TP53 mutation significantly increased expression of immune checkpoints and activated T-effector and interferon-γ signature. More importantly, the TP53/KRAS comutated subgroup manifested exclusive increased expression of PD-L1 and a highest proportion of PD-L1+/CD8A+. Meanwhile, TP53- or KRAS-mutated tumors showed prominently increased mutation burden and specifically enriched in the transversion-high (TH) cohort. Further analysis focused on the potential molecular mechanism revealed that TP53 or KRAS mutation altered a group of genes involved in cell-cycle regulating, DNA replication and damage repair. Finally, immunotherapeutic analysis from public clinical trial and prospective observation in our center were further confirmed that TP53 or KRAS mutation patients, especially those with co-occurring TP53/KRAS mutations, showed remarkable clinical benefit to PD-1 inhibitors. Conclusions: This work provides evidence that TP53 and KRAS mutation in lung adenocarcinoma may be served as a pair of potential predictive factors in guiding anti–PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy. Clin Cancer Res; 23(12); 3012–24. ©2016 AACR.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1078-0432 , 1557-3265
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2017
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  • 7
    In: Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 81, No. 4_Supplement ( 2021-02-15), p. PS8-29-PS8-29
    Abstract: Background: Pathogenic factors embedded in the germline genome are widely recognized as being crucial to breast cancer development. However, current knowledge is either concentrated on the pathogenic variants of a few individual genes or SNPs distributed sparsely across the genome in non-coding regions. Methods: We developed a multi-layered framework, DAGG, which converts somatic mutations or germline rare coding variants (gRCVs) into a functional spectrum of dozens of cellular functions and signaling pathways to identify potential pathogenic factors.Findings: We analyzed whole-exome sequencing (WES) data of 726 germline DNA samples and 169 breast tumor DNA samples from breast cancer patients with various pathological types and cancer-free female subjects, we found that germline pathogens of breast cancers were (1) mainly distributed in HER2-negative subtypes, and (2) involved Her2 signaling pathway activation and immune suppression. These computational discoveries were experimentally validated and can provide digital features to explain the germline differences between diseased and healthy genome (AUC = 0.76). Furthermore, an individual’s risk for breast cancer can be estimated by calculating the combined effects of these identified germline pathogens. Carriers of BRCA1/2 pathogenic variants were found to have a significantly higher average risk (p = 0.02). Interpretation: The results demonstrated that the identified pathogenic mechanisms by DAGG were compatible with our current understanding of the causes of breast cancer. Moreover, DAGG provides improved performance over currently used polygenic risk score method of measuring complex disease risks. Our framework promises possible future applications for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of breast cancer. Citation Format: Mei Yang, Yanhui Fan, Zhi-Yong Wu, Zhendong Feng, Qiangzu Zhang, Shunhua Han, Zhonghai Zhang, Xu Li, Yiqing Xue, Xiaoling Li, Meixia Hu, Jieqing Li, Weiping Li, Hongfei Gao, Ciqiu Yang, Chunming Zhang, Liulu Zhang, Teng Zhu, Minyi Cheng, Fei Ji, Juntao Xu, Hening Cui, Guangming Tan, Michael Q Zhang, Changhong Liang, Zaiyi Liu, You-Qiang Song, Gang Niu, Kun Wang. Rare variants in the germline genome holistically determine receptor-independent Her2 signaling pathway activation and immune suppression, shaping pathological type and risk of HER2-negative breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2020 San Antonio Breast Cancer Virtual Symposium; 2020 Dec 8-11; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(4 Suppl):Abstract nr PS8-29.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-5472 , 1538-7445
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    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 8
    In: Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 74, No. 20 ( 2014-10-15), p. 5746-5757
    Abstract: Breast cancer stem-like cells (BCSC) are crucial for metastasis but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we report that tumor-infiltrating natural killer (NK) cells failed to limit metastasis and were not associated with improved therapeutic outcome of BCSC-rich breast cancer. Primary BCSCs were resistant to cytotoxicity mediated by autologous/allogeneic NK cells due to reduced expression of MICA and MICB, two ligands for the stimulatory NK cell receptor NKG2D. Furthermore, the downregulation of MICA/MICB in BCSCs was mediated by aberrantly expressed oncogenic miR20a, which promoted the resistance of BCSC to NK cell cytotoxicity and resultant lung metastasis. The breast cancer cell differentiation–inducing agent, all-trans retinoic acid, restored the miR20a–MICA/MICB axis and sensitized BCSC to NK cell–mediated killing, thereby reducing immune escape–associated BCSC metastasis. Together, our findings reveal a novel mechanism for immune escape of human BCSC and identify the miR20a–MICA/MICB signaling axis as a therapeutic target to limit metastatic breast cancer. Cancer Res; 74(20); 5746–57. ©2014 AACR.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-5472 , 1538-7445
    RVK:
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    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2036785-5
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  • 9
    In: Clinical Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 28, No. 15 ( 2022-08-02), p. 3308-3317
    Abstract: We assessed whether perioperative circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) could be a biomarker for early detection of molecular residual disease (MRD) and prediction of postoperative relapse in resected non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Experimental Design: Based on our prospective, multicenter cohort on dynamic monitoring of ctDNA in lung cancer surgery patients (LUNGCA), we enrolled 950 plasma samples obtained at three perioperative time points (before surgery, 3 days and 1 month after surgery) of 330 stage I–III NSCLC patients (LUNGCA-1), as a part of the LUNGCA cohort. Using a customized 769-gene panel, somatic mutations in tumor tissues and plasma samples were identified with next-generation sequencing and utilized for ctDNA-based MRD analysis. Results: Preoperative ctDNA positivity was associated with lower recurrence-free survival (RFS; HR = 4.2; P & lt; 0.001). The presence of MRD (ctDNA positivity at postoperative 3 days and/or 1 month) was a strong predictor for disease relapse (HR = 11.1; P & lt; 0.001). ctDNA-based MRD had a higher relative contribution to RFS prediction than all clinicopathologic variables such as the TNM stage. Furthermore, MRD-positive patients who received adjuvant therapies had improved RFS over those not receiving adjuvant therapy (HR = 0.3; P = 0.008), whereas MRD-negative patients receiving adjuvant therapies had lower RFS than their counterparts without adjuvant therapy (HR = 3.1; P & lt; 0.001). After adjusting for clinicopathologic variables, whether receiving adjuvant therapies remained an independent factor for RFS in the MRD-positive population (P = 0.002) but not in the MRD-negative population (P = 0.283). Conclusions: Perioperative ctDNA analysis is effective in early detection of MRD and relapse risk stratification of NSCLC, and hence could benefit NSCLC patient management.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1078-0432 , 1557-3265
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1225457-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2036787-9
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) ; 2017
    In:  Cancer Research Vol. 77, No. 9 ( 2017-05-01), p. 2534-2547
    In: Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 77, No. 9 ( 2017-05-01), p. 2534-2547
    Abstract: Cancer stem-like cells (CSC) drive cancer progression and recurrence. Self-renewal expansion of CSC is achieved through symmetric cell division, yet how external stimuli affect intracellular regulatory programs of CSC division modes and stemness remains obscure. Here, we report that the hTERThigh prostate cancer cells exhibit CSC properties, including a stem cell–associated gene expression signature, long-term tumor-propagating capacity and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. In promoting the self-renewal symmetric division of hTERThigh prostate cancer cells, WNT3a dramatically decreased the ratio of hTERThigh prostate cancer cells undergoing asymmetric division. Increased WNT/β-catenin signal activation was also detected in hTERThigh prostate cancer cells. hTERT-mediated CSC properties were at least partially dependent on β-catenin. These findings provide novel cellular and molecular mechanisms for the self-renewal of CSC orchestrated by tumor microenvironmental stimuli and intracellular signals. Cancer Res; 77(9); 2534–47. ©2017 AACR.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-5472 , 1538-7445
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    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2017
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1432-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 410466-3
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