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  • American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)  (4)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Gene Signatures Associated with Mouse Postnatal Hindbrain Neural Stem Cells and Medulloblastoma Cancer Stem Cells Identify Novel Molecular Mediators and Predict Human Medulloblastoma Molecular Classification
    American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) ; 2012
    In:  Cancer Discovery Vol. 2, No. 6 ( 2012-06-01), p. 554-568
    Details
    In: Cancer Discovery, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 2, No. 6 ( 2012-06-01), p. 554-568
    Abstract: Medulloblastoma arises from mutations occurring in stem/progenitor cells located in restricted hindbrain territories. Here we report that the mouse postnatal ventricular zone lining the IV ventricle also harbors bona fide stem cells that, remarkably, share the same molecular profile with cerebellar white matter–derived neural stem cells (NSC). To identify novel molecular mediators involved in medulloblastomagenesis, we compared these distinct postnatal hindbrain-derived NSC populations, which are potentially tumor initiating, with murine compound Ptch/p53 mutant medulloblastoma cancer stem cells (CSC) that faithfully phenocopy the different variants of human medulloblastoma in vivo. Transcriptome analysis of both hindbrain NSCs and medulloblastoma CSCs resulted in the generation of well-defined gene signatures, each reminiscent of a specific human medulloblastoma molecular subclass. Most interestingly, medulloblastoma CSCs upregulated developmentally related genes, such as Ebfs, that were shown to be highly expressed in human medulloblastomas and play a pivotal role in experimental medullo-blastomagenesis. These data indicate that gene expression analysis of medulloblastoma CSCs holds great promise not only for understanding functional differences between distinct CSC populations but also for identifying meaningful signatures that might stratify medulloblastoma patients beyond histopathologic staging. Significance: The functional and molecular comparison between the cell progenitor lineages from which medulloblastoma is thought to arise and medulloblastoma CSCs might lead to the identification of novel, potentially relevant mediators of medulloblastomagenesis. Our findings provide a rationale for the exploitation of mouse CSCs as a valuable preclinical model for human medulloblastoma, both for the definition of CSC-associated gene signatures with predictive mean and for the identification of therapeutically targetable genes. Cancer Discov; 2(6); 554–68. © 2012 AACR. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 473
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2159-8274 , 2159-8290
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-11-0199
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2607892-2
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Dispersal of Replication Proteins after Etoposide Treatment Requires the Cooperation of Nbs1 with the Ataxia Telangiectasia Rad3-Related/Chk1 Pathway
    American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) ; 2006
    In:  Cancer Research Vol. 66, No. 3 ( 2006-02-01), p. 1675-1683
    Details
    In: Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 66, No. 3 ( 2006-02-01), p. 1675-1683
    Abstract: In mammalian cells, DNA replication takes place in functional subnuclear compartments, called replication factories, where replicative factors accumulate. The distribution pattern of replication factories is diagnostic of the different moments (early, mid, and late) of the S phase. This dynamic organization is affected by different agents that induce cell cycle checkpoint activation via DNA damage or stalling of replication forks. Here, we explore the cell response to etoposide, an anticancer drug belonging to the topoisomerase II poisons. Etoposide does not induce an immediate block of DNA synthesis and progressively affects the distribution of replication proteins in S phase. First, it triggers the formation of large nuclear foci that contain the single-strand DNA binding protein replication protein A (RPA), suggesting that lesions produced by the drug are processed into extended single-stranded regions. These RPA foci colocalize with DNA replicated at the beginning of the treatment. Etoposide also triggers the dispersal of replicative proteins, proliferating cell nuclear antigen and DNA ligase I, from replication factories. This event requires the activity of the ataxia telangiectasia Rad3-related (ATR) checkpoint kinase. By comparing the effect of the drug in cell lines defective in different DNA repair and checkpoint pathways, we show that, along with the downstream kinase Chk1, the Nbs1 protein, mutated in the Nijmegen breakage syndrome, is also relevant for this response and for ATR-dependent phosphorylation. Finally, our analysis evidences a critical role of Nbs1 in the etoposide-induced inhibition of DNA replication in early S phase. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(3): 1675-83)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-5472 , 1538-7445
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-05-2741
    RVK:
    XA 36000
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2006
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2036785-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1432-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 410466-3
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Glycolytic Phenotype and AMP Kinase Modify the Pathologic Response of Tumor Xenografts to VEGF Neutralization
    American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) ; 2011
    In:  Cancer Research Vol. 71, No. 12 ( 2011-06-15), p. 4214-4225
    Details
    In: Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 71, No. 12 ( 2011-06-15), p. 4214-4225
    Abstract: VEGF antagonists are now widely used cancer therapeutics, but predictive biomarkers of response or toxicity remain unavailable. In this study, we analyzed the effects of anti-VEGF therapy on tumor metabolism and therapeutic response by using an integrated set of imaging techniques, including bioluminescence metabolic imaging, 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography, and MRI imaging and spectroscopy. Our results revealed that anti-VEGF therapy caused a dramatic depletion of glucose and an exhaustion of ATP levels in tumors, although glucose uptake was maintained. These metabolic changes selectively accompanied the presence of large necrotic areas and partial tumor regression in highly glycolytic tumors. In addition, we found that the central metabolic protein kinase AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)—a cellular sensor of ATP levels that supports cell viability in response to energy stress—was activated by anti-VEGF therapy in experimental tumors. AMPK-α2 attenuation increased glucose consumption, tumor cell sensitivity to glucose starvation, and tumor necrosis following anti-VEGF therapy. Taken together, our findings reveal functional links between the Warburg effect and the AMPK pathway with therapeutic responses to VEGF neutralization in tumor xenograft models. Cancer Res; 71(12); 4214–25. ©2011 AACR.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-5472 , 1538-7445
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-11-0242
    RVK:
    XA 36000
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2036785-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1432-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 410466-3
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Inactivation of the APC Gene Is Constant in Adrenocortical Tumors from Patients with Familial Adenomatous Polyposis but Not Frequent in Sporadic Adrenocortical Cancers
    American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) ; 2010
    In:  Clinical Cancer Research Vol. 16, No. 21 ( 2010-11-01), p. 5133-5141
    Details
    In: Clinical Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 16, No. 21 ( 2010-11-01), p. 5133-5141
    Abstract: Purpose: In adrenocortical tumors (ACT), Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation can be explained by β-catenin somatic mutations only in a subset of tumors. ACT is observed in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) with germline APC mutations, as well as in patients with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome with Wilms' tumors reported to have WTX somatic mutations. Both APC and WTX are involved in Wnt/β-catenin pathway regulation and may play a role in ACT tumorigenesis. The aim of this study was to report if APC and WTX may be associated with FAP-associated and sporadic ACT. Experimental Design: ACTs from patients with FAP and sporadic adrenocortical carcinomas (ACC) with abnormal β-catenin localization on immunohistochemistry but no somatic β-catenin mutations were studied. APC was analyzed by denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography followed by direct sequencing and by multiplex ligation–dependent probe amplification when allelic loss was suspected. WTX was studied by direct sequencing. Results: Four ACTs were observed in three patients with FAP and were ACC, adrenocortical adenoma, and bilateral macronodular adrenocortical hyperplasia, all with abnormal β-catenin localization. Biallelic inactivation of APC was strongly suggested by the simultaneous existence of somatic and germline alterations in all ACTs. In the 20 sporadic ACCs, a silent heterozygous somatic mutation as well as a rare heterozygous polymorphism in APC was found. No WTX mutations were observed. Conclusions: ACT should be considered a FAP tumor. Biallelic APC inactivation mediates activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in the ACTs of patients with FAP. In contrast, APC and WTX genetic alterations do not play a significant role in sporadic ACC. Clin Cancer Res; 16(21); 5133–41. ©2010 AACR.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1078-0432 , 1557-3265
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-10-1497
    RVK:
    XA 36791
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1225457-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2036787-9
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