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  • American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)  (12)
  • 1
    In: Clinical Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 28, No. 19 ( 2022-10-03), p. 4173-4177
    Abstract: On September 17, 2021, the FDA approved cabozantinib (Cabometyx; Exelixis, Inc.) for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients 12 years of age and older with locally advanced or metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) that has progressed following prior VEGFR-targeted therapy and who are radioactive iodine (RAI)-refractory or ineligible. This is the first approval for patients with RAI-refractory locally advanced or metastatic DTC who have progressed following prior therapy and the first approval in pediatric patients with DTC. The approval was based on data from COSMIC-311 (Study XL184-311, NCT03690388), an international, randomized, double-blind trial in which patients with locally advanced or metastatic RAI-refractory DTC that progressed during or following treatment with at least one VEGFR-targeting tyrosine kinase inhibitor were treated with either cabozantinib 60 mg orally once daily (N = 170) or placebo with best supportive care (N = 88). The primary efficacy outcome measures were progression-free survival (PFS) and overall response rate (ORR) by blinded independent central review per RECIST 1.1. The median PFS was 11.0 months [95% confidence interval (CI), 7.4–13.8] in the cabozantinib arm compared with 1.9 months (95% CI, 1.9–3.7) in the control arm, with an HR of 0.22 (95% CI, 0.15–0.31). The endpoint of ORR was not met. No new safety signals were identified with the exception of hypocalcemia, which was added as a warning in the product labeling.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1078-0432 , 1557-3265
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 2
    In: Clinical Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 28, No. 24 ( 2022-12-15), p. 5383-5395
    Abstract: Advanced-stage mucinous ovarian carcinoma (MOC) has poor chemotherapy response and prognosis and lacks biomarkers to aid stage I adjuvant treatment. Differentiating primary MOC from gastrointestinal (GI) metastases to the ovary is also challenging due to phenotypic similarities. Clinicopathologic and gene-expression data were analyzed to identify prognostic and diagnostic features. Experimental Design: Discovery analyses selected 19 genes with prognostic/diagnostic potential. Validation was performed through the Ovarian Tumor Tissue Analysis consortium and GI cancer biobanks comprising 604 patients with MOC (n = 333), mucinous borderline ovarian tumors (MBOT, n = 151), and upper GI (n = 65) and lower GI tumors (n = 55). Results: Infiltrative pattern of invasion was associated with decreased overall survival (OS) within 2 years from diagnosis, compared with expansile pattern in stage I MOC [hazard ratio (HR), 2.77; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.04–7.41, P = 0.042]. Increased expression of THBS2 and TAGLN was associated with shorter OS in MOC patients (HR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.04–1.51, P = 0.016) and (HR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.01–1.45, P = 0.043), respectively. ERBB2 (HER2) amplification or high mRNA expression was evident in 64 of 243 (26%) of MOCs, but only 8 of 243 (3%) were also infiltrative (4/39, 10%) or stage III/IV (4/31, 13%). Conclusions: An infiltrative growth pattern infers poor prognosis within 2 years from diagnosis and may help select stage I patients for adjuvant therapy. High expression of THBS2 and TAGLN in MOC confers an adverse prognosis and is upregulated in the infiltrative subtype, which warrants further investigation. Anti-HER2 therapy should be investigated in a subset of patients. MOC samples clustered with upper GI, yet markers to differentiate these entities remain elusive, suggesting similar underlying biology and shared treatment strategies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1078-0432 , 1557-3265
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1225457-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2036787-9
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  • 3
    In: Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 74, No. 12 ( 2014-06-15), p. 3228-3237
    Abstract: Prostate cancer remains the second leading cause of cancer death in American men and there is an unmet need for biomarkers to identify patients with aggressive disease. In an effort to identify biomarkers of recurrence, we performed global RNA sequencing on 106 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded prostatectomy samples from 100 patients at three independent sites, defining a 24-gene signature panel. The 24 genes in this panel function in cell-cycle progression, angiogenesis, hypoxia, apoptosis, PI3K signaling, steroid metabolism, translation, chromatin modification, and transcription. Sixteen genes have been associated with cancer, with five specifically associated with prostate cancer (BTG2, IGFBP3, SIRT1, MXI1, and FDPS). Validation was performed on an independent publicly available dataset of 140 patients, where the new signature panel outperformed markers published previously in terms of predicting biochemical recurrence. Our work also identified differences in gene expression between Gleason pattern 4 + 3 and 3 + 4 tumors, including several genes involved in the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and developmental pathways. Overall, this study defines a novel biomarker panel that has the potential to improve the clinical management of prostate cancer. Cancer Res; 74(12); 3228–37. ©2014 AACR.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-5472 , 1538-7445
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2014
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  • 4
    In: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 23, No. 11_Supplement ( 2014-11-01), p. C68-C68
    Abstract: Prostate cancer remains the second leading cause of cancer death in American men, but biomarkers that can predict outcome following treatment are urgently needed to identify patients with aggressive disease. In an effort to identify biomarkers of recurrence, we have performed global RNA-sequencing on 106 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) prostatectomy samples from 100 patients at three independent sites, and identified a new set of biomarkers of biochemical recurrence composed of a 24-gene panel including 22 protein-coding genes and two non-coding genes. We observed excellent correlation between TaqMan and RNAseq values, as well as for RNAseq between replicate libraries. We validated this 24-gene panel on an independent publicly available dataset of 140 patients and this new panel outperformed previously published markers based on cell proliferation gene sets. In addition, we have identified genes that are differentially expressed between African-American and Caucasian prostate cancer patients, and mitochondrial SNPs that are associated with both race and outcome. We observed a number of genes relevant to prostate cancer biology including ETV5, ZEB1, ZEB2, B2M, FYN, and miR-183 that were differentially expressed between African-American and Caucasian patients. These genes may play a role in the disparities observed in African-American patients who have significantly worse outcomes relative to Caucasian patients with prostate cancer. Citation Format: Jianpeng Xu, Qi Long, Adeboye O. Osunkoya, Soma Sannigrahi, Brent A. Johnson, Wei Zhou, Theresa Gillespie, Jong Y. Park, Robert K. Nam, Linda Sugar, Aleksandra Stanimirovic, Arun K. Seth, John A. Petros, Carlos S. Moreno. Global transcriptome sequencing of ethnically diverse formalin-fixed patient samples identifies biomarkers of recurrence in prostate cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Sixth AACR Conference: The Science of Cancer Health Disparities; Dec 6–9, 2013; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014;23(11 Suppl):Abstract nr C68. doi:10.1158/1538-7755.DISP13-C68
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1055-9965 , 1538-7755
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2014
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  • 5
    In: Clinical Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 15, No. 5 ( 2009-03-01), p. 1787-1793
    Abstract: Purpose: Several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) have been associated with the risk of prostate cancer. The clinical utility of using SNPs in the early detection of prostate cancer has not been evaluated. Experimental Design: We examined a panel of 25 SNPs from candidate genes and chromosomal regions in 3,004 unselected men who were screened for prostate cancer using serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and digital rectal examination. All underwent a prostate biopsy. We evaluated the ability of these SNPs to help predict the presence of prostate cancer at biopsy. Results: Of the 3,004 patients, 1,389 (46.2%) were found to have prostate cancer. Fifteen of the 25 SNPs studied were significantly associated with prostate cancer (P = 0.02-7 × 10−8). We selected a combination of 4 SNPs with the best predictive value for further study. After adjusting for other predictive factors, the odds ratio for patients with all four of the variant genotypes compared with men with no variant genotype was 5.1 (95% confidence interval, 1.6-16.5; P = 0.006). When incorporated into a nomogram, genotype status contributed more significantly than PSA, family history, ethnicity, urinary symptoms, and digital rectal examination (area under the curve = 0.74). The positive predictive value of the PSA test ranged from 42% to 94% depending on the number of variant genotypes carried (P = 1 × 10−15). Conclusions: SNP genotyping can be used in a clinical setting for the early detection of prostate cancer in a nomogram approach and by improving the positive predictive value of the PSA test.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1078-0432 , 1557-3265
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1225457-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2036787-9
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) ; 2005
    In:  Clinical Cancer Research Vol. 11, No. 23 ( 2005-12-01), p. 8391-8397
    In: Clinical Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 11, No. 23 ( 2005-12-01), p. 8391-8397
    Abstract: Purpose: We examined a panel of 13 polymorphisms in 13 different genes to determine whether specific genotypes can help predict prostate cancer at the time of biopsy among men prescreened with prostate-specific antigen and digital rectal exam. Experimental Design: We examined 2,088 consecutive men who were referred for prostate biopsy from 1997 to 2003. Thirteen genes were examined, including TNF308, GSTT1, KLK2, endostatin, MCRA, MCRV, tyrosinase, MSR1, CHK2, RNasel, HOGG1-326, HOGG1-11657, and HRAS1. Odds ratio for detection of prostate cancer were adjusted for age, race, prostate-specific antigen, digital rectal exam, family history of prostate cancer, and urinary symptoms. Results: Of the 2,088 men, 996 (47.7%) had cancer detected. Four genes (TNF308, GSTT1, KLK2, and HOGG1-326) were significantly associated with prostate cancer. The adjusted odds ratios (OR) for prostate cancer for patients with the AA genotype of the TNF308 gene was 1.92 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.0-1.5, P = 0.05], compared with those with the GG genotype, and for patients with the TT genotype of the KLK2 gene, the OR was 1.5 (95% confidence interval, 1.0-2.2, P = 0.04), compared with the CC genotype. The OR for patients with a homozygous deletion of the GSTT1 gene was 0.81 (95% CI, 0.6-1.0, P = 0.06) compared with those with the deletion, and the OR for patients with the GG genotype of the HOGG1-326 gene was 0.68 (95% CI, 0.5-1.0, P = 0.05) compared with the CC genotype. Patients who had all four alleles that were positively associated with prostate cancer had an OR of 9.33 (95% CI, 2.4-35.8, P = 0.0005) for prostate cancer compared with patients with alleles that were negatively associated with prostate cancer. Conclusions: Of the 13 polymorphisms, two were found to be positively associated with prostate cancer (TNF308 and KLK2) and two were negatively associated with prostate cancer (GSTT1 and HOGG1-326). Future studies are required to confirm these results.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1078-0432 , 1557-3265
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2005
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1225457-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2036787-9
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  • 7
    In: Molecular Cancer Therapeutics, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 20, No. 10 ( 2021-10-01), p. 1820-1835
    Abstract: Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), a serine/threonine phosphatase involved in the regulation of apoptosis, proliferation, and DNA-damage response, is overexpressed in many cancers, including small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Here we report that LB100, a small molecule inhibitor of PP2A, when combined with platinum-based chemotherapy, synergistically elicited an antitumor response both in vitro and in vivo with no apparent toxicity. Using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, we determined quantitatively that sensitization via LB100 was mediated by increased uptake of carboplatin in SCLC cells. Treatment with LB100 alone or in combination resulted in inhibition of cell viability in two-dimensional culture and three-dimensional spheroid models of SCLC, reduced glucose uptake, and attenuated mitochondrial and glycolytic ATP production. Combining LB100 with atezolizumab increased the capacity of T cells to infiltrate and kill tumor spheroids, and combining LB100 with carboplatin caused hyperphosphorylation of the DNA repair marker γH2AX and enhanced apoptosis while attenuating MET signaling and invasion through an endothelial cell monolayer. Taken together, these data highlight the translational potential of inhibiting PP2A with LB100 in combination with platinum-based chemotherapy and immunotherapy in SCLC.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1535-7163 , 1538-8514
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2062135-8
    SSG: 12
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  • 8
    In: Clinical Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 16, No. 9 ( 2010-05-01), p. 2562-2570
    Abstract: Purpose: EphA2 overexpression is frequently observed in endometrial cancers and is predictive of poor clinical outcome. Here, we use an antibody drug conjugate (MEDI-547) composed of a fully human monoclonal antibody against both human and murine EphA2 (1C1) and the tubulin polymerization inhibitor monomethylauristatin F. Experimental Design: EphA2 expression was examined in endometrial cancer cell lines by Western blot. Specificity of MEDI-547 was examined by antibody degradation and internalization assays. Viability and apoptosis were investigated in endometrial cancer cell lines and orthotopic tumor models. Results: EphA2 was expressed in the Hec-1A and Ishikawa cells but was absent in the SPEC-2 cells. Antibody degradation and internalization assays showed that the antibody drug conjugate decreased EphA2 protein levels and was internalized in EphA2-positive cells (Hec-1A and Ishikawa). Moreover, in vitro cytotoxicity and apoptosis assays showed that the antibody drug conjugate decreased viability and increased apoptosis of Hec-1A and Ishikawa cells. In vivo therapy experiments in mouse orthotopic models with this antibody drug conjugate resulted in 86% to 88% growth inhibition (P & lt; 0.001) in the orthotopic Hec-1A and Ishikawa models compared with controls. Moreover, the mice treated with this antibody drug conjugate had a lower incidence of distant metastasis compared with controls. The antitumor effects of the therapy were related to decreased proliferation and increased apoptosis of tumor and associated endothelial cells. Conclusions: The preclinical data for endometrial cancer treatment using MEDI-547 show substantial antitumor activity. Clin Cancer Res; 16(9); 2562–70. ©2010 AACR.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1078-0432 , 1557-3265
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1225457-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2036787-9
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  • 9
    In: Molecular Cancer Therapeutics, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 17, No. 7 ( 2018-07-01), p. 1585-1594
    Abstract: Human papillomavirus (HPV)–negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) represents a distinct classification of cancer with worse expected outcomes. Of the 11 genes recurrently mutated in HNSCC, we identify a singular and substantial survival advantage for mutations in the gene encoding Nuclear Set Domain Containing Protein 1 (NSD1), a histone methyltransferase altered in approximately 10% of patients. This effect, a 55% decrease in risk of death in NSD1-mutated versus non-mutated patients, can be validated in an independent cohort. NSD1 alterations are strongly associated with widespread genome hypomethylation in the same tumors, to a degree not observed for any other mutated gene. To address whether NSD1 plays a causal role in these associations, we use CRISPR-Cas9 to disrupt NSD1 in HNSCC cell lines and find that this leads to substantial CpG hypomethylation and sensitivity to cisplatin, a standard chemotherapy in head and neck cancer, with a 40% to 50% decrease in the IC50 value. Such results are reinforced by a survey of 1,001 cancer cell lines, in which loss-of-function NSD1 mutations have an average 23% decrease in cisplatin IC50 value compared with cell lines with wild-type NSD1. Significance: This study identifies a favorable subtype of HPV–negative HNSCC linked to NSD1 mutation, hypomethylation, and cisplatin sensitivity. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(7); 1585–94. ©2018 AACR.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1535-7163 , 1538-8514
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2062135-8
    SSG: 12
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  • 10
    In: Clinical Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 12, No. 21 ( 2006-11-01), p. 6452-6458
    Abstract: Purpose: Increased levels of serum human kallikrein-2 (hK2) and an hK2 gene (KLK2) variant are positively associated for prostate cancer, but the relationships between them remain unclear. We examined five variants of the KLK2 gene to further define its relevance to prostate cancer susceptibility and hK2 levels. Experimental Design: We genotyped 645 men with biopsy-proven prostate cancer (cases) and 606 males with biopsies negative for prostate cancer (controls) for five additional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) across the KLK2 gene and also tested for serum hK2 levels. These SNPs were identified from sequencing the KLK2 gene among 20 patients with aggressive prostate cancer. Odds ratios (OR) for prostate cancer detection and haplotype analysis were done. Results: Among the SNPs studied, the A allele of the KLK2-SNP1 (G & gt; A, rs2664155) and the T allele of the KLK2-SNP5 (C & gt; T, rs198977) polymorphisms showed positive associations with prostate cancer, adjusted ORs for KLK2-SNP1 AG and AA genotypes being 1.4 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.2-1.8; P = 0.002] and for KLK2-SNP5 TT or CT genotypes being 1.3 (95% CI, 1.1-1.6; P = 0.05). Haplotype analyses also revealed a significant association between prostate cancer and the haplotype containing both risk alleles (ACCTT), OR being 5.1 (95% CI, 1.6-6.5; P = 0.005). Analysis of serum hK2 revealed hK2 levels to be significantly increased in association with KLK2-SNP1 AA and AG risk genotypes compared with the GG genotype (P = 0.001) and also in association with the ACCTT risk haplotype compared with the most common non-risk haplotype (P = 0.05). Conclusions: These findings suggest a role for the KLK2 gene in prostate cancer susceptibility and imply that this role may be realized at least in part by the induction of increases in hK2 production.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1078-0432 , 1557-3265
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2006
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1225457-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2036787-9
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