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  • American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)  (188)
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  • American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)  (188)
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  • 1
    In: Cancer Discovery, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 9, No. 10 ( 2019-10-01), p. 1388-1405
    Abstract: The VIKTORY (targeted agent eValuation In gastric cancer basket KORea) trial was designed to classify patients with metastatic gastric cancer based on clinical sequencing and focused on eight different biomarker groups (RAS aberration, TP53 mutation, PIK3CA mutation/amplification, MET amplification, MET overexpression, all negative, TSC2 deficient, or RICTOR amplification) to assign patients to one of the 10 associated clinical trials in second-line (2L) treatment. Capivasertib (AKT inhibitor), savolitinib (MET inhibitor), selumetinib (MEK inhibitor), adavosertib (WEE1 inhibitor), and vistusertib (TORC inhibitor) were tested with or without chemotherapy. Seven hundred seventy-two patients with gastric cancer were enrolled, and sequencing was successfully achieved in 715 patients (92.6%). When molecular screening was linked to seamless immediate access to parallel matched trials, 14.7% of patients received biomarker-assigned drug treatment. The biomarker-assigned treatment cohort had encouraging response rates and survival when compared with conventional 2L chemotherapy. Circulating tumor (ctDNA) analysis demonstrated good correlation between high MET copy number by ctDNA and response to savolitinib. Significance: Prospective clinical sequencing revealed that baseline heterogeneity between tumor samples from different patients affected response to biomarker-selected therapies. VIKTORY is the first and largest platform study in gastric cancer and supports both the feasibility of tumor profiling and its clinical utility. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1325
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2159-8274 , 2159-8290
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2019
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  • 2
    In: Clinical Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 10, No. 13 ( 2004-07-01), p. 4383-4388
    Abstract: Purpose: A worldwide compassionate-use program has enabled & gt;42,000 patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to receive gefitinib treatment. Here we report the outcome of gefitinib therapy in patients who enrolled in the “Iressa” Expanded Access Program at the Samsung Medical Center. Experimental Design: Patients with advanced or metastatic NSCLC who had progressed after prior systemic chemotherapy and for whom no other treatment option was available were eligible to receive gefitinib treatment as part of the Expanded Access Program. A post hoc assessment of potential prognostic factors for response and survival was performed by multivariate analysis. Results: All 111 evaluable patients had stage IV disease; most patients had a baseline performance status of 2 [n = 52 (47%)] or 3 [n = 18 (16%)] and had received ≥2 prior chemotherapy regimens (56%). The objective response rate was 26%, the disease control rate (measured over ≥8 weeks) was 40%, and the 1-year survival rate was 44%. Adenocarcinoma histology was associated with better response and disease control rates, and a performance status of 0–2 was also associated with a better disease control rate. Both of these factors, as well as female gender, were significantly associated with longer survival. Gefitinib was well tolerated; the most common adverse event was grade 1 skin rash. Conclusions: Gefitinib demonstrated significant antitumor activity and a favorable tolerability profile in this series of NSCLC patients with poor prognosis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1078-0432 , 1557-3265
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2004
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  • 3
    In: Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 77, No. 5 ( 2017-03-01), p. 1200-1211
    Abstract: The clinical utility of approved EGFR small-molecule kinase inhibitors is plagued both by toxicity against wild-type EGFR and by metastatic progression in the central nervous system, a disease sanctuary site. Here, we report the discovery and preclinical efficacy of GNS-1486 and GNS-1481, two novel small-molecule EGFR kinase inhibitors that are selective for T790M-mutant isoforms of EGFR. Both agents were effective in multiple mouse xenograft models of human lung adenocarcinoma (T790M-positive or -negative), exhibiting less activity against wild-type EGFR than existing approved EGFR kinase inhibitors (including osimertinib). In addition, GNS-1486 showed superior potency against intracranial metastasis of EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma. Our results offer a preclinical proof of concept for new EGFR kinase inhibitors with the potential to improve therapeutic index and efficacy against brain metastases in patients. Cancer Res; 77(5); 1200–11. ©2017 AACR.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-5472 , 1538-7445
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    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2017
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  • 4
    In: Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 76, No. 3 ( 2016-02-01), p. 686-699
    Abstract: The Hsp90 facilitates proper folding of signaling proteins associated with cancer progression, gaining attention as a target for therapeutic intervention. The natural rotenoid deguelin was identified as an Hsp90 inhibitor, but concerns about neurotoxicity have limited prospects for clinical development. In this study, we report progress on deguelin analogues that address this limitation, focusing on the novel analogue SH-1242 as a candidate to broadly target human lung cancer cells, including those that are chemoresistant or harboring KRAS mutations. In a KRAS-driven mouse model of lung cancer, SH-1242 administration reduced tumor multiplicity, volume, and load. Similarly, in human cell line–based or patient-derived tumor xenograft models, SH-1242 induced apoptosis and reduced tumor vasculature in the absence of detectable toxicity. In contrast to deguelin, SH-1242 toxicity was greatly reduced in normal cells and when administered to rats did not produce obvious histopathologic features in the brain. Mechanistic studies revealed that SH-1242 bound to the C-terminal ATP-binding pocket of Hsp90, disrupting the ability to interact with its co-chaperones and clients and triggering a degradation of client proteins without affecting Hsp70 expression. Taken together, our findings illustrate the superior properties of SH-1242 as an Hsp90 inhibitor and as an effective antitumor and minimally toxic agent, providing a foundation for advancing further preclinical and clinical studies. Cancer Res; 76(3); 686–99. ©2015 AACR.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-5472 , 1538-7445
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    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2016
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  • 5
    In: Clinical Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 25, No. 16 ( 2019-08-15), p. 5069-5081
    Abstract: New strategies to restore sodium iodide symporter (NIS) expression and function in radioiodine therapy–refractive anaplastic thyroid cancers (ATCs) are urgently required. Recently, we reported the regulatory role of estrogen-related receptor gamma (ERRγ) in ATC cell NIS function. Herein, we identified DN200434 as a highly potent (functional IC50 = 0.006 μmol/L), selective, and orally available ERRγ inverse agonist for NIS enhancement in ATC. Experimental Design: We sought to identify better ERRγ-targeting ligands and explored the crystal structure of ERRγ in complex with DN200434. After treating ATC cells with DN200434, the change in iodide-handling gene expression, as well as radioiodine avidity was examined. ATC tumor–bearing mice were orally administered with DN200434, followed by 124I-positron emission tomography/CT (PET/CT). For radioiodine therapy, ATC tumor–bearing mice treated with DN200434 were administered 131I (beta ray–emitting therapeutic radioiodine) and then bioluminescent imaging was performed to monitor the therapeutic effects. Histologic analysis was performed to evaluate ERRγ expression status in normal tissue and ATC tissue, respectively. Results: DN200434–ERRγ complex crystallographic studies revealed that DN200434 binds to key ERRγ binding pocket residues through four-way interactions. DN200434 effectively upregulated iodide-handling genes and restored radioiodine avidity in ATC tumor lesions, as confirmed by 124I-PET/CT. DN200434 enhanced ATC tumor radioiodine therapy susceptibility, markedly inhibiting tumor growth. Histologic findings of patients with ATC showed higher ERRγ expression in tumors than in normal tissue, supporting ERRγ as a therapeutic target for ATC. Conclusions: DN200434 shows potential clinical applicability for diagnosis and treatment of ATC or other poorly differentiated thyroid cancers.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1078-0432 , 1557-3265
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2019
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  • 6
    In: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 29, No. 4 ( 2020-04-01), p. 832-837
    Abstract: Long-term antiviral therapy (AVT) for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) reduces the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We assessed the temporal trends in the incidence of HCC over time during long-term AVT among Asian patients with CHB. Methods: Patients with CHB receiving entecavir/tenofovir (ETV/TDF) as a first-line antiviral were recruited from four academic hospitals in the Republic of Korea. We compared the incidence of HCC during and after the first 5 years of ETV/TDF treatment. Results: Among 3,156 patients, the median age was 49.6 years and males predominated (62.4%). During the follow-up, 9.0% developed HCC. The annual incidence of HCC per 100 person-years during the first 5 years (n = 1,671) and after the first 5 years (n = 1,485) was statistically similar (1.93% vs. 2.27%, P = 0.347). When the study population was stratified according to HCC prediction model, that is, modified PAGE-B score, the annual incidence of HCC was 0.11% versus 0.39% in the low-risk group ( & lt;8 points), 1.26% versus 1.82% in the intermediate-risk group (9–12 points), and 4.63% versus 5.24% in the high-risk group (≥13 points; all P & gt; 0.05). A Poisson regression analysis indicated that the duration of AVT did not significantly affect the overall trend of the incidence of HCC (adjusted annual incidence rate ratio = 0.85; 95% confidence interval, 0.66–1.11; P = 0.232). Conclusions: Despite long-term AVT, the risk of HCC steadily persists over time among patients with CHB in the Republic of Korea, in whom HBV genotype C2 predominates. Impact: Careful HCC surveillance is still essential.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1055-9965 , 1538-7755
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 7
    In: Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 73, No. 8_Supplement ( 2013-04-15), p. 3542-3542
    Abstract: BACKGROUND: We analyzed the efficacy and toxicity profile of sunitinib according to single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of VEGFA and KDR among the patients with gastric or biliary tract cancer. METHODS: We examined 8 known SNPs of VEGFA and 5 SNPs of KDR among patients with gastric or biliary tract cancer who were treated with sunitinib in our two previous phase II studies. We assessed progression free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and toxicity and their relationships to these SNPs. RESULTS: A total of 63 patients were evaluable. Among candidate SNPs, rs2010963, rs833068, and rs1870377 were associated with poor PFS (P = .009, .002, and .029, respectively), while rs1870377 and rs7692791 were associated with poor OS (P = .001 and 0.03, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed that only rs1870377 had significant effects on both PFS and OS. Toxicity evaluation indicated that rs1531289 was associated with grade 3-4 anemia. (P = .03). CONCLUSIONS: Certain SNPs of KDR may affect treatment outcome and toxicity of patients treated with sunitinib. Citation Format: Chi Hoon MAENG, Jun Ho Lee, Jeeyun Lee, Jung Yong Hong, Moon Ki Choi, Young Saing Kim, Hyun Ae Jung, Joon Oh Park, Se Hoon Park, Young Suk Park, Won Ki Kang, Ho Yeong Lim. Effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms on treatment outcomes and toxicity in patients treated with sunitinib for biliary tract and gastric cancers. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3542. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3542
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-5472 , 1538-7445
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    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2013
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  • 8
    In: Molecular Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 7, No. 3 ( 2009-03-01), p. 371-382
    Abstract: Functional suppression of spindle checkpoint protein activity results in apoptotic cell death arising from mitotic failure, including defective spindle formation, chromosome missegregation, and premature mitotic exit. The recently identified p31comet protein acts as a spindle checkpoint silencer via communication with the transient Mad2 complex. In the present study, we found that p31comet overexpression led to two distinct phenotypic changes, cellular apoptosis and senescence. Because of a paucity of direct molecular link of spindle checkpoint to cellular senescence, however, the present report focuses on the relationship between abnormal spindle checkpoint formation and p31comet-induced senescence by using susceptible tumor cell lines. p31comet-induced senescence was accompanied by mitotic catastrophe with massive nuclear and chromosomal abnormalities. The progression of the senescence was completely inhibited by the depletion of p21Waf1/Cip1 and partly inhibited by the depletion of the tumor suppressor protein p53. Notably, p21Waf1/Cip1 depletion caused a dramatic phenotypic conversion of p31comet-induced senescence into cell death through mitotic catastrophe, indicating that p21Waf1/Cip1 is a major mediator of p31comet-induced cellular senescence. In contrast to wild-type p31comet, overexpression of a p31 mutant lacking the Mad2 binding region did not cause senescence. Moreover, depletion of Mad2 by small interfering RNA induced senescence. Here, we show that p31comet induces tumor cell senescence by mediating p21Waf1/Cip1 accumulation and Mad2 disruption and that these effects are dependent on a direct interaction of p31comet with Mad2. Our results could be used to control tumor growth. (Mol Cancer Res 2009;7(3):371–82)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1541-7786 , 1557-3125
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2009
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  • 9
    In: Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 82, No. 12_Supplement ( 2022-06-15), p. 6219-6219
    Abstract: As the representative targeted anticancer drug for colon cancer patients, cetuximab is the EGFR targeted therapeutic antibody and used for treatment of KRAS wild type cancers. Even some patient with KRAS wt gene did not respond cetuximab. However, there is no treatment available for cetuximab-resistant patient group, which is almost 50% of KRAS WT gene holders. Recently, our team identified cetuximab primary resistant related proteins named as mtRTK (mutant receptor tyrosine kinase) by array analysis based cetuximab responder or non-responder colon cancer patient tissues. We investigated mtRTK’s oncogenic potential as a novel anti-cancer target. A large proportion of colon cancer patients (36.2% Caucasian, 56.9% Korean) expressed the mtRTK was identified, using the sequencing analysis of patient samples. Based on these results, our efforts have led to the discovery of WM-S1, mtRTK inhibitor, which is the first mtRTK inhibitor in clinical development. The potent enzyme inhibitor showed a high anticancer activity confirmed in Patient-Derived Cells (PDC) and Patient-Derived Xenograft (PDX) animal models expressing the mutation. In preclinical studies demonstrate that WM-S1 is well tolerated in rats and dogs. Furthermore, WM-S1 has potent anticancer activities for various solid tumor (NSCLC, cholangiocarcinoma, etc.) including activated mtKRAS colon cancer expressing the mtRTK. Currently we are investigating WM-S1 in a phase 1a trial in AUS, which is the first mtRTK inhibitor in clinical development. Meanwhile, the mtRTK inhibitor WM-S1 drives antitumor immunity (with anti-PD-L1) in NSCLC. Combinational approaches with immunotherapy showed that synergistic effect of WM-S1 and anti-PD1 monoclonal antibody, suppressing tumor growth by 75% in anti-PD1 resistance NSCLC-derived humanized mouse model. A phase 1b trial is expected to develop WM-S1 through not only indication expansion but also combination therapy with immuno-checkpoint inhibitors in the USA, AUS and KOR from Q2 2022. In conclusion, mtRTK is a potential oncogenic driver mutation in various solid tumor. A first-in-class anticancer agent WM-S1 targeting mtRTK can be promising therapeutic agents for cetuximab-resistant colon cancer patients regardless of KRAS mutation status and other cancers. Citation Format: Joseph Kim, Jai-Hee Moon, Kyung-Mi Lee, Hyun Ryu, Eun Hye Park, Sang Hee Kim, Jeong Seok Kim, Young Ok Ko, Yong Seok Kim, Hyo Jin Kim, Tae Young Kim Kim, Moon Seong Yoo, Soll Jin, Seongrak Kim, Yoon Sun Park, Min Ki Lee, Mi So Lee, Ji Hyun Go, Yu Geun Ji, Jun Hyung Lee, Haneul Lee, Min Hwa Kim, Eun Hee Ko, Yeo Jin Lee, Seung-Mi Kim, Joon-yee Jeong, Yeon-seoung Choi, Seung-geon Bae, Jinwoo Lee, Won Jun Lee, Min-Kyeong Kim, Ji min Shin, Dong-in Koh, Sun-Chul Hur, Chun-Ho Park, Hyun Ho Lee, Dong-Hoon Jin. WM-S1, the novel small molecule inhibitor of mutant RTK/receptor tyrosine kinase, for the treatment of cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 6219.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1538-7445
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 10
    In: Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 79, No. 13_Supplement ( 2019-07-01), p. CT021-CT021
    Abstract: Background: IM156 is a novel oral potent biguanide, which has anticancer activity through AMPK activation and reduction of oxidative phosphorylation. Inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is detrimental to OXPHOS dependent cancer cells, which are prone to energy stress. Preclinical experiments demonstrated that IM156 can be effective in glioblastoma, gastric cancer and other solid tumors. Methods: This is an open label, first-in-human, single center, dose-escalation study (NCT03272256) using the 3+3 design to determine the maximum tolerated dose and/or recommended Phase II dose, dose limiting toxicities (DLT), safety, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and preliminary signals of anticancer efficacy of IM156 in patients with advanced solid tumors. Eligible patients are adults with advanced solid tumors refractory to standard therapies with adequate performance status (ECOG & lt;2) and organ function with measurable disease per RECIST 1.1 (or RANO for gliomas). IM156 is administered orally every other day starting on day 1 of each 28 days cycle. Results: To date, 12 patients (gastric cancer, 5; endometrial cancer, 2; ovarian cancer, 2; other, 3) were enrolled to 4 dose levels (100mg to 800 mg orally every other day). There have been no DLTs or & gt;other grade 3 treatment-related adverse events (AEs). Most frequent AEs included nausea (67% of patients), vomiting (17%), diarrhea (23%), insomnia (17%), epigastric and abdominal pain (17%), weakness (8%), neuropathy (8%) and fatigue (8%); however, there were all grade 1 except for four grade 2 episodes (nausea, 2; insomnia, 1; diarrhea, 1; epigastric pain, 1). Mild elevations ( & lt;5 mmol/L) in lactate levels were noted anecdotally. The best response was stable disease in 5 patients (gastric cancer, 2; ovarian cancer, 1; endometrial cancer, 1; colorectal, 1). Pharmacokinetic studies demonstrated dose proportional increase in Cmax and AUC, which were approaching expected efficacious range. Observed terminal half-life supported possible change of the schedule to daily oral administration. Pharmacodynamic marker studies are on-going. Conclusion: IM156 has been well tolerated with manageable AE profile. The dose escalation continues with a planned change from every other day administration to daily dosing. Citation Format: Sun Young Rha, Seung Hoon Beom Seung Hoon Beom, Gun Min Kim, Young Geun Shin, Dong-Seok Yim, Hyo Song Kim, Jong Hee Chang, Jae-Ho Cheong, Young Woo Lee, Yun Seon Chong, Vincent O’Neill, Sang Hee Yoo, Filip Janku. Phase I study of an oxidative phosphorylation inhibitor IM156 in patients with advanced solid tumors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr CT021.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-5472 , 1538-7445
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    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2019
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