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  • American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)  (11)
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  • American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)  (11)
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  • 1
    In: Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 73, No. 1 ( 2013-01-01), p. 307-318
    Abstract: A truncated version of retinoid X receptor-α, tRXR-α, promotes cancer cell survival by activating the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway. However, targeting the tRXR-α–mediated survival pathway for cancer treatment remains to be explored. We report here our identification of a new natural product molecule, CF31, a xanthone isolated from Cratoxylum formosum ssp. pruniflorum, and the biologic evaluation of its regulation of the tRXR-α–mediated PI3K/AKT pathway. CF31 binds RXR-α and its binding results in inhibition of RXR-α transactivation. Through RXR-α mutational analysis and computational studies, we show that Arg316 of RXR-α, known to form salt bridges with certain RXR-α ligands, such as 9-cis-retinoic acid (9-cis-RA), is not required for the antagonist effect of CF31, showing a distinct binding mode. Evaluation of several CF31 analogs suggests that the antagonist effect is mainly attributed to an interference with Leu451 of helix H12 in RXR-α. CF31 is a potent inhibitor of AKT activation in various cancer cell lines. When combined with TNF-α, it suppresses TNF-α activation of AKT by inhibiting TNF-α–induced tRXR-α interaction with the p85α regulatory subunit of PI3K. CF31 inhibition of TNF-α activation of AKT also results in TNF-α–dependent activation of caspase-8 and apoptosis. Together, our results show that CF31 is an effective converter of TNF-α signaling from survival to death by targeting tRXR-α in a unique mode and suggest that identification of a natural product that targets an RXR-mediated cell survival pathway that regulates PI3K/AKT may offer a new therapeutic strategy to kill cancer cells. Cancer Res; 73(1); 307–18. ©2012 AACR.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-5472 , 1538-7445
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2013
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  • 2
    In: Clinical Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 27, No. 15 ( 2021-08-01), p. 4186-4194
    Abstract: Previous studies suggest that a cumulative cisplatin dose of 200 mg/m2 might be adequate in the intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) era for locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LANPC). However, two cycles of once-every-3-weeks cisplatin at 100 mg/m2 has never been prospectively compared with standard once-a-week cisplatin regimen. Patients and Methods: This trial was conducted at three hospitals from 2011 to 2016. Patients who met the eligibility criteria were recruited (ChiCTR-TRC-12001979) and randomly assigned (1:1) via a computer-generated sequence to receive once-every-3-weeks cisplatin at 100 mg/m2 for two cycles or once-a-week cisplatin at 40 mg/m2 for six cycles concurrently with IMRT. Primary endpoint was failure-free survival and between-group absolute difference of 10% as the noninferiority margin. Results: A total of 510 patients were enrolled. Median follow-up time was 58.3 months with 85.4% of 3-year failure-free survival in the once-every-3-weeks group and 85.6% in the once-a-week group. An absolute difference of −0.2% (95% confidence interval, −6.3 to 5.9; Pnoninferiority = 0.0016). Acute toxicities of grade 3 or higher occurred in 55.8% in the once-every-3-weeks group and 66.3% in the once-a-week group (P = 0.015). The most common acute toxicities were hematologic abnormalities, including leukopenia (16% vs. 27%; P = 0.0022) and thrombocytopenia (1% vs. 5%; P = 0.015). The late grade 3–4 auditory loss rate was significantly lower in the once-every-3-weeks group than the once-a-week group (6% vs. 13%; P = 0.0039). Conclusions: Once-every-3-weeks cisplatin as concurrent chemoradiotherapy is noninferior to once-a-week cisplatin in the treatment efficacy in the LANPC. Although both regimens are well tolerated, severe acute toxicities and late-onset auditory loss are higher in the once-a-week group.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1078-0432 , 1557-3265
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 3
    In: Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 82, No. 4_Supplement ( 2022-02-15), p. P2-13-10-P2-13-10
    Abstract: PURPOSE KN026 is a novel bispecific antibody that simultaneously binds to two distinct HER2 epitopes. This firstinhuman Phase I study evaluated the safety/tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK), preliminary efficacy, and potential predictive biomarker activity of KN026 administered as monotherapy to HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients. METHODS Female patients with HER2 positive MBC who failed prior antiHER2 therapies received intravenous KN026 monotherapy at 5 mg/kg (QW), 10 mg/kg (QW), 20 mg/kg (Q2W), or 30 mg/kg (Q3W). Dose escalation was guided by a “3+3” doseescalation rule followed by dose expansion. The primary endpoint of the study was to assess safety and ascertain the recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D). RESULTS 63 patients were enrolled with a median of 3 prior lines of systemic therapies and 2 prior lines of HER2 targeted therapies. Treatment was well tolerated with no DLTs observed. The most common treatment related adverse events (TRAEs) were pyrexia (23.8%), diarrhea (22.2%), aspartate aminotransferase increased (22.2%), alanine aminotransferase increased (22.2%). 4 patients reported Grade 3 TRAEs. Pharmacokinetic analysis indicated that KN026 exposure was dose-dependent, with a terminal elimination halflife of 146 to 282 hours after multiple doses. Results from exposure-response analysis supported the selection of the RP2Ds at 20 mg/kg Q2W or 30 mg/kg Q3W, which had corresponding objective response rates (ORRs) of 32.1% and 24.1%, disease control rates of 60.7% and 82.8%, and median progression-free survival (PFS) of 5.5 and 7.4 months, respectively. Anti-drug antibodies (ADAs) were detected in 3.2% (2/63) of patients at the end of treatment. Cell line data showed that coamplification of HER2 and CDK12 were related to the efficacy of KN026. Translational research in 20 HER2-amplified patients further confirmed that co-amplification (vs. no coamplification) of CDK12 was a promising biomarker in predicting better response to KN026 (ORR of 50% vs. 0% and PFS of 8.2 vs. 2.7 months, P = 0.05 and 0.04, respectively). CONCLUSION KN026, a HER2 bispecific antibody, is well tolerated, with a favorable safety profile and promising anti-tumor activity in the context of its class in patients with HER2-positive breast cancer. Co-amplification of HER2/CDK12 may define patients who benefit more from KN026. Citation Format: Jian Zhang, Dongmei Ji, Li Cai, Herui Yao, Min Yan, Xiaojia Wang, Weina Shen, Yiqun Du, Hui Pang, Xiuping Lai, Huiai Zeng, Jian Huang, Yan Sun, Xinxin Peng, Junfang Xu, Jing Yang, Fei Yang, Ting Xu, Xichun Hu. First-in-human HER2-targeted bispecific antibody KN026 for the treatment of patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer: Results from a phase I study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2021 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2021 Dec 7-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-13-10.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-5472 , 1538-7445
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 4
    In: Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 80, No. 24 ( 2020-12-15), p. 5583-5596
    Abstract: T-cell exhaustion was initially identified in chronic infection in mice and was subsequently described in humans with cancer. Although the distinct signature of exhausted T (TEX) cells in cancer has been well investigated, the molecular mechanism of T-cell exhaustion in cancer is not fully understood. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we report here that TEX cells in esophageal cancer are more heterogeneous than previously clarified. Sprouty RTK signaling antagonist 1 (SPRY1) was notably enriched in two subsets of exhausted CD8+ T cells. When overexpressed, SPRY1 impaired T-cell activation by interacting with CBL, a negative regulator of ZAP-70 tyrosine phosphorylation. Data from the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource revealed a strong correlation between FGF2 and SPRY1 expression in esophageal cancer. High expression of FGF2 was evident in fibroblasts from esophageal cancer tissue and correlated with poor overall survival. In vitro administration of FGF2 significantly upregulated expression of SPRY1 in CD8+ T cells and attenuated T-cell receptor–triggered CD8+ T-cell activation. A mouse tumor model confirmed that overexpression of FGF2 in fibroblasts significantly upregulated SPRY1 expression in TEX cells, impaired T-cell cytotoxic activity, and promoted tumor growth. Thus, these findings identify FGF2 as an important regulator of SPRY1 expression involved in establishing the dysfunctional state of CD8+ T cells in esophageal cancer. Significance: These findings reveal FGF2 as an important regulator of SPRY1 expression involved in establishing the dysfunctional state of CD8+ T cells and suggest that inhibition of FGF2 has potential clinical value in ESCC.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-5472 , 1538-7445
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 5
    In: Clinical Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 28, No. 19 ( 2022-10-03), p. 4232-4239
    Abstract: To compare the efficacy and safety of high-dose vitamin C plus FOLFOX ± bevacizumab versus FOLFOX ± bevacizumab as first-line treatment in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Patients and Methods: Between 2017 and 2019, histologically confirmed patients with mCRC (n = 442) with normal glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase status and no prior treatment for metastatic disease were randomized (1:1) into a control (FOLFOX ± bevacizumab) and an experimental [high-dose vitamin C (1.5 g/kg/d, intravenously for 3 hours from D1 to D3) plus FOLFOX ± bevacizumab] group. Randomization was based on the primary tumor location and bevacizumab prescription. Results: The progression-free survival (PFS) of the experimental group was not superior to the control group [median PFS, 8.6 vs. 8.3 months; HR, 0.86; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.70–1.05; P = 0.1]. The objective response rate (ORR) and overall survival (OS) of the experimental and control groups were similar (ORR, 44.3% vs. 42.1%; P = 0.9; median OS, 20.7 vs. 19.7 months; P = 0.7). Grade 3 or higher treatment-related adverse events occurred in 33.5% and 30.3% of patients in the experimental and control groups, respectively. In prespecified subgroup analyses, patients with RAS mutation had significantly longer PFS (median PFS, 9.2 vs. 7.8 months; HR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.50–0.91; P = 0.01) with vitamin C added to chemotherapy than with chemotherapy only. Conclusions: High-dose vitamin C plus chemotherapy failed to show superior PFS compared with chemotherapy in patients with mCRC as first-line treatment but may be beneficial in patients with mCRC harboring RAS mutation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1078-0432 , 1557-3265
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 6
    In: Clinical Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 23, No. 13 ( 2017-07-01), p. 3428-3441
    Abstract: Deregulation or mutation of the EZH2 gene causes various tumors, including clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Although several splice variants of EZH2 have been identified, little is known about how EZH2 splicing is regulated or the contribution of alternative splicing to its protumorigenic functions. Experimental Design: We conducted RT-PCR, Western blot analysis, and IHC techniques to examine EZH2 and its alternative splicing transcript expression in renal cancer tissue and renal cancer cell lines. Proliferation, migration, clonogenicity, and tumorigenicity of renal cancer cells either exhibiting knockdown of EZH2 or its splicing factor SF3B3 were assessed by CCK8, Transwell assay, and murine xenograft experiments. Results: We found that the inclusion of alternative EZH2 exon 14 was significantly increased in ccRCC samples and renal cancer cell lines. In ccRCC lines, enforced expression of EZH2Δ14 inhibited, and EZH2 promoted, cell growth, migration, proliferation, and tumorigenicity in a xenograft model. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that EZH2Δ14 isoform functions as a dominant-negative inhibitor of full-length EZH2. Coexpression of EZH2Δ14 variant with full-length EZH2 not only abrogated DAB2IP and HOXA9 suppression but also inhibited EZH2-driven tumorigenesis. Strikingly, the splicing factor SF3B3 stimulates inclusion of exon14 and has pro-proliferative activity. Importantly, the upregulation of SF3B3 expression observed in clinical ccRCC samples parallels the increased inclusion of EZH2 exon14, and the SF3B3 level is associated with higher tumor stage and poor overall survival. Conclusions: These results suggest SF3B3 as a key regulator of EZH2 pre-mRNA splicing and SF3B3 may represent a novel prognostic factor and potential therapeutic target in ccRCC.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1078-0432 , 1557-3265
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2017
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2036787-9
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  • 7
    In: Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 74, No. 19_Supplement ( 2014-10-01), p. 5223-5223
    Abstract: Purpose: MicroRNA (miRNA) plays significant role in the development and progression of cancer. We aimed to identify miRNA signatures to be used as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Experimental Design: Patients with NSCLC who underwent surgical resection and didn't receive any therapy before surgery were randomly divided into training set (198 patients) and test set (199 patients). The miRNA expression levels were detected by microarray and selected miRNAs were verified by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The other 302 patients from another center were used as an independent set to verify the miRNA signature. Results: A 37-miRNA signature consisting of 15 downregulated miRNAs and 22 upregulated miRNAs was established for distinguishing NSCLC specimens from noncancerous lung tissues in the training set with 98.2% accuracy. In the test set, the classification accuracy of the signature was 98.5%. Then three miRNAs were chosen to construct prognostic signature in the training set. A formula based on the 3 miRNAs was built to calculate prognostic index. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that patients with a high prognostic index had a significant poorer survival than those with a low index. The 3-miRNA signature was validated in test set with the same formula for computing the prognostic index. The expression levels of 4 miRNAs including the 3 miRNA in the prognostic signature were verified by RT-PCR in 33 paired NSCLC and corresponding noncancerous lung tissues. The expression level of the 3 miRNA was detected by qRT-PCR in the independent set. Survival analysis showed that the 3-miRNA signature was associated with survival in the independent set. Multivariate analysis indicated that the 3-miRNA signature was an independent prognostic biomarker. A combination of the 3-miRNA signature and TNM stage had much better prognostic ability than did TNM stage alone in the training, test and independent sets. Conclusions: The 37-miRNA and 3-miRNA signatures identified in our study may be useful biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of NSCLC patients. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Heng-Ying Pu, Da Fu, Mei-Yin Zhang, Yin-Lian Cha, Hai-Shan Peng, Lan-Jun Zhang, Wei-Hua Jia, Yi-Xin Zeng, Wan-Qing Liu, Steven X.F. Zheng, Guo-Hong Hu, Hui-Yun Wang. Prognostic value of microRNA signature in non-small-cell lung cancer: A microRNA expression analysis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5223. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5223
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-5472 , 1538-7445
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2014
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  • 8
    In: Clinical Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 28, No. 8 ( 2022-04-14), p. 1736-1736
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1078-0432 , 1557-3265
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1225457-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2036787-9
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  • 9
    In: Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 64, No. 6 ( 2004-03-15), p. 1972-1974
    Abstract: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) poses one of the serious health problems in southern Chinese, with an incidence rate ranging from 15 to 50/100,000. Chromosome translocation t(1;3) and frequent loss of heterogeneity on short arms of chromosome 3 and 9 have been reported to be associated with NPC, and a genome-wide scan identified an NPC susceptibility locus on chromosome 4p15.1-q12 recently. In our study, we collected samples from 18 families at high risk of NPC from the Hunan province in southern China, genotyped with a panel of polymorphic markers on short arms of chromosomes 3, 9, and 4p15.1-q12. A locus on 3p21 was identified to link to NPC with a maximum logarithm of odds for linkage score of 4.18. Fine mapping located the locus to a 13.6-cM region on 3p21.31-21.2, where a tumor suppressor gene cluster resided. Our findings identified a novel locus for NPC and provided a map location for susceptibility genes candidates. In contrast to a recent study, no significant evidence for NPC linkage to chromosomes 4 and 9 was observed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-5472 , 1538-7445
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2004
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  • 10
    In: Clinical Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 27, No. 16 ( 2021-08-15), p. 4634-4641
    Abstract: Patients with HER2-positive (HER2+) metastatic breast cancer (MBC) have poor prognoses. Pyrotinib has shown promising antitumor activity in MBC to improve progression-free survival (PFS). However, findings based on real-world data to analyze whether pyrotinib affects overall survival (OS) remain scarce. Experimental Design: This real-world study is an exploratory analysis of brain metastasis (BM) and the final update of our preceding study of 168 patients with HER2+ MBC. PFS, OS, tumor mutation burden (TMB), clinical benefit rate (CBR), and overall response rate (ORR) were analyzed. Results: Pyrotinib treatment led to a median PFS time of 8.00 months and a median OS of 19.07 months in the 168 participants. High TMB was associated with poor OS (P = 0.0072) and PFS (P = 0.0028). In the 39 patients with BM, the median PFS and OS were 8.67 and 13.93 months, respectively. The surgery/radiation (S/R) group of patients with BM had prolonged survival (PFS: 9.97 vs. 7.73 months P = 0.19; OS: 20.67 vs. 12.43 months P = 0.021) compared with the no surgery/no radiation group (NS/NR). The CBR was 58.6% (S/R) vs. 41.4% (NS/NR), while the ORR was 24.1% (S/R) vs. 31.0% (NS/NR). Conclusions: Pyrotinib shows promise as a novel pan-HER2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) for the treatment of BM and should be evaluated further. Surgical or radiotherapy in combination with pyrotinib was found to statistically improve OS in our cohort. TMB could be an exploratory biomarker for predicting PFS and OS, but its clinical application still needs further verification.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1078-0432 , 1557-3265
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1225457-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2036787-9
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