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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Social-networks-related stimuli interferes decision making under ambiguity: Interactions with cue-induced craving and problematic social-networks use
    Akademiai Kiado Zrt. ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Behavioral Addictions Vol. 10, No. 2 ( 2021-07-19), p. 291-301
    Details
    In: Journal of Behavioral Addictions, Akademiai Kiado Zrt., Vol. 10, No. 2 ( 2021-07-19), p. 291-301
    Abstract: Social-networks-use disorder is discussed as a potential further type of disorders due to addictive behaviors. Theoretical models assume cue-induced craving and disadvantageous decision making to be relevant mechanisms. This study investigates if the presentation of social-networks-related cues interferes with decision making under ambiguity. Methods Craving was induced with a cue-reactivity paradigm and assessed with a visual analogue scale. Participants (N = 146) played a modified Iowa Gambling Task with social-networks-related cues and neutral cues presented on the advantageous and disadvantageous decks respectively, or vice versa. Symptoms of social-networks-use disorder were measured with a modified version of the short Internet Addiction Test. Results Overall, participants chose options with neutral cues more often than those with social-networks-related cues, even if it was disadvantageous. There was a significant interaction between decision-making performance and Iowa Gambling Task condition in predicting symptom severity. The results indicate that choosing decks with social-networks-related cues even if it was disadvantageous is associated with higher tendencies towards a social-networks-use disorder. The interaction with cue-induced craving did not explain further variance. Discussion and Conclusions The results highlight the relevance of cue reactivity, decision making, and their interaction as potential mechanisms explaining tendencies towards a social-networks-use disorder. Decision making was influenced by affective responses, which could result in a higher risk of a potential addictive behavior. This is consistent with the findings from addiction research and with theoretical approaches assuming an imbalance between affective and cognitive processes in addictive behaviors.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2062-5871 , 2063-5303
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1556/2006.2021.00036
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Akademiai Kiado Zrt.
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Which conditions should be considered as disorders in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) designation of “other specified disorders due to addictive behaviors”?
    Akademiai Kiado Zrt. ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Behavioral Addictions ( 2020-06-30)
    Details
    In: Journal of Behavioral Addictions, Akademiai Kiado Zrt., ( 2020-06-30)
    Abstract: Background Gambling and gaming disorders have been included as “disorders due to addictive behaviors” in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). Other problematic behaviors may be considered as “other specified disorders due to addictive behaviors (6C5Y).” Methods Narrative review, experts' opinions. Results We suggest the following meta-level criteria for considering potential addictive behaviors as fulfilling the category of “other specified disorders due to addictive behaviors”: 1. Clinical relevance: Empirical evidence from multiple scientific studies demonstrates that the specific potential addictive behavior is clinically relevant and individuals experience negative consequences and functional impairments in daily life due to the problematic and potentially addictive behavior. 2. Theoretical embedding: Current theories and theoretical models belonging to the field of research on addictive behaviors describe and explain most appropriately the candidate phenomenon of a potential addictive behavior. 3. Empirical evidence: Data based on self-reports, clinical interviews, surveys, behavioral experiments, and, if available, biological investigations (neural, physiological, genetic) suggest that psychological (and neurobiological) mechanisms involved in other addictive behaviors are also valid for the candidate phenomenon. Varying degrees of support for problematic forms of pornography use, buying and shopping, and use of social networks are available. These conditions may fit the category of “other specified disorders due to addictive behaviors”. Conclusion It is important not to over-pathologize everyday-life behavior while concurrently not trivializing conditions that are of clinical importance and that deserve public health considerations. The proposed meta-level-criteria may help guide both research efforts and clinical practice.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2062-5871 , 2063-5303
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1556/2006.2020.00035
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Akademiai Kiado Zrt.
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dispositional and online-specific Fear of Missing Out are associated with the development of IUD symptoms in different internet applications
    Akademiai Kiado Zrt. ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Behavioral Addictions Vol. 10, No. 3 ( 2021-10-05), p. 747-758
    Details
    In: Journal of Behavioral Addictions, Akademiai Kiado Zrt., Vol. 10, No. 3 ( 2021-10-05), p. 747-758
    Abstract: An increasing number of people experience negative consequences from the excessive use of different Internet applications or sites (e.g., Instagram, League of Legends, YouTube). These consequences have been referred to as specific Internet Use Disorders (IUDs). The present study aims to examine the Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) on rewarding experiences with respect to specific Internet activities. FoMO has been found to mediate the link between psychopathology and symptoms of Internet Communication Disorder (ICD). However, the role of FoMO in other IUDs is controversial. Methods The current study ( N = 7,990) consecutively screened in vocational schools) analyzed the associations between online-specific state-FoMO, general trait-FoMO, mental health, and IUD symptoms in a structural equation model. After testing the model for the entire sample of Internet users, it was analyzed separately for the two main user groups: Social Networking Site (SNS) users and gamers. Results The proposed model explained 42.0% of the variance in IUD symptoms in the total sample, 46.8% for SNS users, and 32.8% for gamers. Results suggest that impaired mental health and high trait-FoMO predict IUD symptoms. For both SNS users and gamers, trait-FoMO mediated the link between low mental health and IUD, whereas state-FoMO mediated the link between trait-FoMO and IUD in both user groups. Discussion Our results partly support the theoretical model of specific IUDs, highlighting trait-FoMO as a predisposing fear of disconnection related to general mental health. Online-specific FoMO appears to contribute to problematic Internet use mainly because of its link to the general fear of disconnection. Moreover, the described mechanism seems to be comparable for both females and males. Conclusions FoMO is a multidimensional construct underlying IUD symptoms related to the use of socially gratifying, but distinct Internet applications. FoMO and psychopathology should be targeted together in prevention and treatment plans of IUDs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2062-5871 , 2063-5303
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1556/2006.2021.00042
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Akademiai Kiado Zrt.
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Associations between the dark triad of personality and unspecified/specific forms of Internet-use disorder
    Akademiai Kiado Zrt. ; 2018
    In:  Journal of Behavioral Addictions Vol. 7, No. 4 ( 2018-12), p. 985-992
    Details
    In: Journal of Behavioral Addictions, Akademiai Kiado Zrt., Vol. 7, No. 4 ( 2018-12), p. 985-992
    Abstract: Despite indications that the dark triad of personality might be associated with Internet-use disorder (IUD), research about these associations is lacking. Methods Two studies were performed to grasp the links between these variables. In the first study, a sample consisting of N  = 468 participants ( n  = 130 males) filled in the Short Dark Triad Questionnaire to assess scores in the dark triad of personality and the short Internet Addiction Test to assess tendencies toward unspecified IUD. In the second study, another independent sample of N  = 472 participants ( n  = 143 males) filled in the same questionnaires plus items about specific forms of IUD. Results Traits Machiavellianism and psychopathy were positively linked to tendencies toward unspecified IUD in both samples and males and females. Regarding the associations between tendencies toward specific IUDs and the dark triad of personality, no significant associations were found in males (at least not passing correction procedures for multiple testing). In females, trait Machiavellianism/psychopathy and tendencies toward Internet-shopping disorder, trait psychopathy, and tendencies toward Internet-pornography-use disorder as well as trait Machiavellianism and tendencies toward Internet-communication disorder were significantly positively correlated [at least one of the (sub)scales assessing the respective specific IUD was significantly associated with the respective dark triad trait even after correction procedures for multiple testing]. No robust pattern of associations between trait narcissism and unspecified/specific forms of IUD could be observed across (sub)samples. Discussion and conclusions These results indicate positive associations of the traits Machiavellianism and psychopathy (on a subclinical level) with tendencies toward IUD, especially unspecified IUD. The associations with tendencies toward specific forms of IUD seem more complex with differential personality correlates for each specific IUD. These associations need to be replicated.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2062-5871 , 2063-5303
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1556/2006.7.2018.114
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Akademiai Kiado Zrt.
    Publication Date: 2018
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    How expected and experienced reward and relief contribute to gaming-related mental imagery and gaming frequency in daily life: Testing a dual pathway hypothesis
    Akademiai Kiado Zrt. ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Behavioral Addictions Vol. 12, No. 3 ( 2023-10-05), p. 775-785
    Details
    In: Journal of Behavioral Addictions, Akademiai Kiado Zrt., Vol. 12, No. 3 ( 2023-10-05), p. 775-785
    Abstract: Research on the development of gaming disorder assumes that the quality of reinforcement learning as well as the content of use expectancies are initially rewarding in the early stages of the addictive behavior and becomes steadily more compensatory in the later stages. This assumed transition could be reflected in gaming-related mental imagery as well as the decision to play videogames in daily life. Methods We recruited 127 individuals who play videogames. Following a strict diagnostic procedure, individuals were either classified as showing casual or at-risk gaming patterns. The experience and expectancy of reward and relief were assessed in the laboratory, followed by a 14-day ambulatory assessment asking for gaming-related mental imagery intensity and playing frequency. Besides group differences, we tested a gratification and a compensation pathway in a structural equation model among groups separately. Results Results indicate that mental imagery and playing frequency as well as reinforcement processes and use expectancies are heightened among individuals showing at-risk gaming patterns as compared to casual gaming patterns. Gaming-related mental imagery was only predicted by compensation among individuals showing casual gaming patterns, and we found no significant predictions for daily gaming frequency in any of the models. Discussion and conclusions The results implicate that individuals with at-risk gaming patterns might hold stronger learned reinforcement contingencies. Daily usage seems unaffected by these contingencies, possibly indicative of habitualized behaviors. Additionally, the results provide some support for the consideration of imaginal desire thoughts as a specific coping mechanism in the context of gaming behaviors.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2062-5871 , 2063-5303
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1556/2006.2023.00050
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Akademiai Kiado Zrt.
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Behavioral addictions in the ICD-11: An important debate that is anticipated to continue for some time : Commentary to the debate: “Behavioral addictions in the ICD-11”
    Akademiai Kiado Zrt. ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Behavioral Addictions Vol. 12, No. 3 ( 2023-10-05), p. 585-589
    Details
    In: Journal of Behavioral Addictions, Akademiai Kiado Zrt., Vol. 12, No. 3 ( 2023-10-05), p. 585-589
    Abstract: The Journal of Behavioral Addictions featured a debate on the topic of “behavioral addictions in ICD-11” in 2022. Three main debate papers were published and a total of eleven commentaries. One main topic of considerations in the three debate papers and in the majority of commentaries was compulsive sexual behavior disorder. The debate was balanced, collegial and conducted at a high scientific level. Although there are some disagreements regarding specific details, all authors consider more research on behavioral addictions as important. This scientific debate has been and continues to be enormously important to behavioral addiction research and clinical practice.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2062-5871 , 2063-5303
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1556/2006.2023.00042
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Akademiai Kiado Zrt.
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cue-reactivity in behavioral addictions: A meta-analysis and methodological considerations
    Akademiai Kiado Zrt. ; 2018
    In:  Journal of Behavioral Addictions Vol. 7, No. 2 ( 2018-06), p. 227-238
    Details
    In: Journal of Behavioral Addictions, Akademiai Kiado Zrt., Vol. 7, No. 2 ( 2018-06), p. 227-238
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2062-5871 , 2063-5303
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1556/2006.7.2018.39
    Language: English
    Publisher: Akademiai Kiado Zrt.
    Publication Date: 2018
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder should not be classified by solely relying on component/symptomatic features • : Commentary to the debate: “Behavioral addictions in the ICD-11”
    Akademiai Kiado Zrt. ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Behavioral Addictions Vol. 11, No. 2 ( 2022-07-13), p. 210-215
    Details
    In: Journal of Behavioral Addictions, Akademiai Kiado Zrt., Vol. 11, No. 2 ( 2022-07-13), p. 210-215
    Abstract: The paper by Sassover and Weinstein (2022) contributes to a timely and complex debate related to the classification of Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder (CSBD). The recent inclusion of CSBD as an impulse-control disorder in the ICD-11 has generated debate since a competitive view is that CSBD should rather be classified as an addictive disorder. Sassover and Weinstein (2022) reviewed existing evidence and concluded it does not support the conceptualization of CSBD as an addictive disorder. Although we agree regarding the relevance and timely nature of considering the classification of CSBD, we respectfully disagree with the position that relying on the components model of addiction (Griffiths, 2005) is the optimal approach for determining whether or not CSBD is an addictive disorder. In this commentary, we discuss potential pitfalls of relying on the components model to conceptualize CSBD as an addictive disorder and argue that considering a process-based approach is important for advancing this timely debate.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2062-5871 , 2063-5303
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1556/2006.2022.00029
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Akademiai Kiado Zrt.
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2817933-X
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Implicit cognitions in problematic social network use
    Akademiai Kiado Zrt. ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Behavioral Addictions Vol. 12, No. 3 ( 2023-10-05), p. 590-598
    Details
    In: Journal of Behavioral Addictions, Akademiai Kiado Zrt., Vol. 12, No. 3 ( 2023-10-05), p. 590-598
    Abstract: Implicit cognitions may be involved in the development and maintenance of specific Internet use disorders such as problematic social network use (PSNU). In more detail, implicit attitude, attentional biases, approach and avoidance tendencies as well as semantic memory associations are considered relevant in the context of PSNU. This viewpoint article summarizes the available literature on implicit cognitions in PSNU. We systematically reviewed articles of implicit cognitions in PSNU from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and ProQuest databases based on a targeted search strategy and assessed using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The present findings suggest that specific implicit cognitions are important in the context of PSNU and therefore show parallels to other addictive behaviors. However, the empirical evidence is limited to a few studies on this topic. Implicit cognitions in PSNU should be explored in more depth and in the context of other affective and cognitive mechanisms in future work.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2062-5871 , 2063-5303
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1556/2006.2023.00035
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Akademiai Kiado Zrt.
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2817933-X
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Tendencies toward Internet-pornography-use disorder: Differences in men and women regarding attentional biases to pornographic stimuli
    Akademiai Kiado Zrt. ; 2018
    In:  Journal of Behavioral Addictions Vol. 7, No. 3 ( 2018-09), p. 574-583
    Details
    In: Journal of Behavioral Addictions, Akademiai Kiado Zrt., Vol. 7, No. 3 ( 2018-09), p. 574-583
    Abstract: Several authors consider Internet-pornography-use disorder (IPD) as addictive disorder. One of the mechanisms that has been intensively studied in substance- and non-substance-use disorders is an enhanced attentional bias toward addiction-related cues. Attentional biases are described as cognitive processes of individual’s perception affected by the addiction-related cues caused by the conditioned incentive salience of the cue itself. It is assumed in the I-PACE model that in individuals prone to develop IPD symptoms implicit cognitions as well as cue-reactivity and craving arise and increase within the addiction process. Methods To investigate the role of attentional biases in the development of IPD, we investigated a sample of 174 male and female participants. Attentional bias was measured with the Visual Probe Task, in which participants had to react on arrows appearing after pornographic or neutral pictures. In addition, participants had to indicate their sexual arousal induced by pornographic pictures. Furthermore, tendencies toward IPD were measured using the short-Internetsex Addiction Test. Results The results of this study showed a relationship between attentional bias and symptom severity of IPD partially mediated by indicators for cue-reactivity and craving. While men and women generally differ in reaction times due to pornographic pictures, a moderated regression analysis revealed that attentional biases occur independently of sex in the context of IPD symptoms. Discussion The results support theoretical assumptions of the I-PACE model regarding the incentive salience of addiction-related cues and are consistent with studies addressing cue-reactivity and craving in substance-use disorders.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2062-5871 , 2063-5303
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1556/2006.7.2018.70
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Akademiai Kiado Zrt.
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2817933-X
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