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  • Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences  (62)
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  • Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences  (62)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences ; 2024
    In:  Acta Physica Sinica Vol. 73, No. 7 ( 2024), p. 072801-
    In: Acta Physica Sinica, Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Vol. 73, No. 7 ( 2024), p. 072801-
    Abstract: Neutron capture reaction is one of the neutron reactions and plays an important role in using reactor control rods and shell materials, designing nuclear device structures, and studying nuclear astrophysics S processes and element origins. The 4π BaF 〈 sub 〉 2 〈 /sub 〉 detection device has advantages such as high time resolution, low neutron sensitivity, and high detection efficiency, thus making it suitable for measuring neutron radiation capture reaction cross-section data. In order to fill the gap in our neutron capture reaction data in the keV energy range and improve their accuracy, the Key Laboratory of Nuclear Data at the Chinese Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE) has established a Gamma Total Absorption Facility (GTAF), which consists of 28 hexagonal BaF 〈 sub 〉 2 〈 /sub 〉 crystals and 12 pentagonal BaF 〈 sub 〉 2 〈 /sub 〉 crystals to form a spherical shell with an external diameter of 25 cm and an internal diameter of 10 cm, covering 95.2% of the solid angles. The Back-n beam line of the Chinese Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) is a back-streaming white beam line that covers neutron energy ranging from a few eV to several hundred MeV, making it suitable for measuring neutron capture cross-sections. The reaction cross-section data of 〈 sup 〉 197 〈 /sup 〉 Au is measured by using GTAF on the Back-n beam line. The measurement data are preliminarily background deducted through energy screening, PSD method, and crystal multiplicity screening. Subsequently, the background is analyzed and deducted based on the measurement data of 〈 sup 〉 nat 〈 /sup 〉 C and empty samples, and the yield of 〈 sup 〉 197 〈 /sup 〉 Au capture reaction is obtained. Resonance parameters are a set of parameters extracted from experimental data to describe the resonance curve, which can eliminate the influence of experimental conditions on resonance data and are more important than the cross-section obtained from experiments. The resonance energy, neutron resonance width, and gamma resonance width parameters of 〈 sup 〉 197 〈 /sup 〉 Au at 1–100 eV are fitted by using the SAMMY program. From the comparison between the resonance curves obtained from experimental measurements and the resonance parameters obtained from fitting with the ENDF/B-VIII.0 database, it can follow that the experimental measurement results are in good agreement with the database, nevertheless, there exist some differences in the resonance parameter, which may be due to the GTAF energy resolution, Back-n neutron spectrum measurement accuracy, and the experimental background deduction method. Our next work is to identify the sources of difference.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1000-3290 , 1000-3290
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2024
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences ; 2021
    In:  Acta Physica Sinica Vol. 70, No. 8 ( 2021), p. 082901-
    In: Acta Physica Sinica, Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Vol. 70, No. 8 ( 2021), p. 082901-
    Abstract: At present, there exist few proton-beam terminals for the detector calibration in the world. Meanwhile, most of these terminals provide monoenergetic protons. Back-n white neutron source from China Spallation Neutron Source(CSNS) was put into operation in 2018. Based on the white neutron flux ranging from 0.5 eV to 200 MeV from the CSNS Back-n white neutron source, continuous-energy protons involved in a wide energy spectrum can be acquired from the 〈sup〉1〈/sup〉H(n, el) reaction. Adopting this method, a new research platform for researches such as proton calibration is realized at CSNS. As hydrogen exists as gas at normal temperature and pressure, in the selecting of the proton-converting target, the hydrogen-rich compounds are preferential considered. Considering the reaction cross sections of the 〈sup〉1〈/sup〉H(n, el), 〈sup〉12〈/sup〉C(n, p)〈sup〉12〈/sup〉B, 〈sup〉12〈/sup〉C(n, d)〈sup〉11〈/sup〉B, 〈sup〉12〈/sup〉C(n, t)〈sup〉10〈/sup〉B, 〈sup〉12〈/sup〉C(n, 〈sup〉3〈/sup〉He)〈sup〉10〈/sup〉Be, 〈sup〉12〈/sup〉C(n, α)〈sup〉9〈/sup〉Be and 〈sup〉1〈/sup〉H(n, γ)〈sup〉2〈/sup〉H, polyethylene and polypropylene are suitable for serving as targets in this research. Based on a 3U PXIe, digitizers with 1 GSps sampling rate and 12 bit resolution are utilized to digitize and record the output signals of telescopes. The time and amplitude information of each signal are extracted from its recorded waveform. Proton fluxes can be calculated by using the neutron energy spectrum and the cross section of the 〈sup〉1〈/sup〉H(n, el) reaction. Using the γ-flash event as the starting time of the time-of-flight (TOF) and the time information of signal in detector as the stopping time, the kinematic energy of each secondary proton can be deduced from the TOF and the angle of the detector. A calibration experiment on three charged particle telescopes, with each telescope consisting of a silicon detector and a CsI(Tl) detector, is carried out on this research platform. The readout methods of the CsI(Tl) detectors in these three telescopes are different. In the calibration experiment, Δ〈i〉E-〈/i〉〈i〉E〈/i〉 two-dimensional spectra and amplitude-〈i〉E〈/i〉〈sub〉p〈/sub〉 two-dimensional spectra of these telescopes are obtained. Through comparing these particle identification spectra, the SiPM is chosen as the signal readout method for CsI(Tl) detectors in the charged particle telescopes. These researches provide experimental evidence for the construction of the charged particle telescope at Back-n, and also illustrate the feasibility of wide-energy spectrum proton calibration based on the Back-n white neutron source.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1000-3290 , 1000-3290
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences ; 2021
    In:  Acta Physica Sinica Vol. 70, No. 22 ( 2021), p. 222801-
    In: Acta Physica Sinica, Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Vol. 70, No. 22 ( 2021), p. 222801-
    Abstract: The data of neutron capture cross section are very important for the research of nuclear astrophysics, advanced nuclear energy development. Owing to the limitation of neutron source and detector, the experimental data of neutron capture cross section in an energy range of 1 eV–10 keV were almost blank in China. The first Chinese gamma-ray total absorption facility has been constructed in the key laboratory of nuclear data at China institute of atomic energy, which consists of 40 BaF〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 detector units. The BaF〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 crystal shell with a thickness of 15 cm and an inner radius of 10 cm covers 95.2% of the solid angle. On-line measurement method of neutron capture reaction cross section is established on the back-streaming white neutron source of China spallation neutron source by using the upgraded facility. The cross section of 〈sup〉197〈/sup〉Au neutron capture reaction is measured for the first time under the experimental condition of irregular 30 mm neutron beam spot. The measured position of resonance peak is well consistent with the relevant data of ENDF evaluation database, which verifies the reliability of the measurement device and measurement technology, and thus laying the foundation for the acquisition of high precision cross section in future.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1000-3290 , 1000-3290
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences ; 2020
    In:  Acta Physica Sinica Vol. 69, No. 17 ( 2020), p. 172901-
    In: Acta Physica Sinica, Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Vol. 69, No. 17 ( 2020), p. 172901-
    Abstract: The back-streaming neutron beam line (Back-n) was built in the beginning of 2018, which is part of the China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS). The Back-n is the first white neutron beam line in China, and its main application is for nuclear data measurement. For most of neutron-induced nuclear reaction measurements based on white neutron facilities, the beam of gamma rays accompanied with neutron beam is one of the most important experimental backgrounds. The back streaming neutron beam is transported directly from the spallation target to the experimental station without any moderator or shielding, the flux of the in-beam gamma rays in the experimental station is much larger than those of these facilities with neutron moderator and shielding. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the influence of in-beam gamma rays on the experimental results. Studies of the in-beam gamma rays are carried out at the back-n. Monte-Carlo simulation is employed to obtain the energy distribution and the time structure of the in-beam gamma rays. According to the simulation results, when the neutron flight time is longer than 1.0 μs the energy distribution of the in-beam gamma rays does not vary with flight time. Therefore, the time structure of these gamma rays can be measured without the correction of the detection efficiency. In this work, the time structure of the in-beam gamma rays in the low neutron energy region is measured by both direct and indirect methods. In the direct measurement, a 〈sup〉6〈/sup〉Li loaded ZnS(Ag) scintillator is located on the neutron beam line and the time of flight method is used to determine the time structure of neutrons and gamma rays. The gamma rays are separated from neutrons with pulse-shape discrimination. The black filter method is used to verify the particle discrimination results. In the indirect measurement, the C〈sub〉6〈/sub〉D〈sub〉6〈/sub〉 scintillation detectors are used to measure the gamma rays scattered off a Pb sample on the way of the neutron beam. The time structure of the in-beam gamma rays is derived from that of the scattered gamma rays. The experimental results are in good agreement with the simulations with the time-of-flight between 12 μs and 2.0 ms. Besides, according to the simulation results, the intensity of the in-beam gamma rays is 1.21 × 10〈sup〉6〈/sup〉 s〈sup〉–1〈/sup〉·cm〈sup〉–2〈/sup〉 in the center of the experimental station 2 of Back-n, which is 76.5 m away from the spallation target of CSNS.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1000-3290 , 1000-3290
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences ; 2019
    In:  Acta Physica Sinica Vol. 68, No. 10 ( 2019), p. 109901-
    In: Acta Physica Sinica, Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Vol. 68, No. 10 ( 2019), p. 109901-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1000-3290 , 1000-3290
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2019
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences ; 2019
    In:  Acta Physica Sinica Vol. 68, No. 8 ( 2019), p. 080101-
    In: Acta Physica Sinica, Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Vol. 68, No. 8 ( 2019), p. 080101-
    Abstract: The Chinese spallation neutron source was completed in May 2018 and then subsequently commissioned. The Back-streaming white neutron beam line can be used in neutron nuclear data measurement, neutron physics research, and nuclear technology. In these experiments, it is necessary to know the neutron energy spectrum, the neutron flux, and the neutron beam profile of the neutron beam. In this paper, we present the preliminary measurements of these parameters. The neutron energy spectrum and neutron flux are measured by the time-of-flight method with a fission chamber equipped with 〈sup〉235〈/sup〉U and 〈sup〉238〈/sup〉U samples and a 〈sup〉6〈/sup〉Li-Si detector. The neutron beam profile is measured by a scintillator-CMOS detection system. The preliminary experimental measurements of the beam line are obtained. Among them, the energy spectrum measurement range of white neutrons is from eV to more than 100 MeV, which also gives an uncertainty analysis; the neutron fluence rate gives the full power value of the two experimental halls; the collimated white neutron beam spot is given under a diameter of 60 mm. The future plan is also given. The results of these experimental parameters can serve as the foundation for the future nuclear data measurement and detector calibration experiments of the beam line.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1000-3290 , 1000-3290
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2019
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  • 7
    In: Acta Physica Sinica, Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Vol. 71, No. 24 ( 2022), p. 244206-
    Abstract: 〈sec〉We report an experimental device and method of measuring the coercivity of soft magnetic material in an open magnetic circuit by using a pump-probe rubidium atomic magnetometer. The experimental device consists of a background magnetic field generation module, a pump-probe atomic magnetometer, a soft magnetic material magnetization and demagnetization module, and a software in a computer. The uniform background magnetic field ranging from 200 nT to 20000 nT along the 〈i〉z〈/i〉-axis at the rubidium bubble’s position is generated by a current carrying coil which is placed in a five-layer magnetic shielding cylinder. The saturation magnetization and demagnetization of soft magnetic material are realized by the soft magnetic sample magnetization and demagnetization module, respectively, which consists of a sample chamber, a soft magnetic sample, a magnetizing coil, a precision current source and a sample transfer rod. The sample chamber is placed in the magnetic field uniform area of the magnetizing coil which is placed in the magnetic shielding cylinder, and the sample transfer rod is used to transfer the soft magnetic sample into the center of the magnetizing coil. Both the rubidium bubble and the soft magnetic sample are placed on the 〈i〉z〈/i〉-axis of the magnetic shielding cylinder, and their distance is greater than or equal to 10 cm. The axis of the magnetizing coil coincides with the axis of the magnetic shielding cylinder, which ensures that the background magnetic field, the magnetic field generated by the magnetizing coil, and the magnetic field generated by the soft magnetic sample at the rubidium bubble’s position are all parallel to the axis direction of the magnetic shielding cylinder. The software in the computer realizes the magnetization and demagnetization of the soft magnetic sample by controlling the current output by the precision current source to the magnetizing coil, and also controls the pump-probe atomic magnetometer to measure the magnetic field at the rubidium bubble’s position. When the soft magnetic sample is magnetized or demagnetized in cycles, the magnetic field generated by the soft magnetic sample at the rubidium bubble’s position is obtained by subtracting the magnetic field value measured in advance when the sample is not placed in the sample chamber from the magnetic field value measured at same current value when the sample is placed in the sample chamber. Note that the sample does not move during the hysteresis loop measurement. When the magnetization of the soft magnetic sample decreases from the saturation value to zero, the magnetic field generated by the soft magnetic sample at the rubidium bubble’s position is zero, and the average coercivity of the sample can be calculated from the hysteresis loop.〈/sec〉〈sec〉We use a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID), a pump-detection rubidium atomic magnetometer and a Hall probe to measure the coercivity of the same permalloy strip sample, the average coercivities are 42.15 A/m, 40.632 A/m and 38.64 A/m, the biases of the hysteresis loops are 229.74 A/m, –0.95 A/m and –52.88 A/m, and the times of each measurement cycle are 9639 s, 1144 s, and 1630 s, respectively. The reproducibility of ten repeated measurements by using the pump-probe atomic magnetometer, expressed as relative standard deviation, is 0.16%, which is an order of magnitude higher than the counterparts from the methods described in China’s national standards GB/T 3656-2008 and GB/T 13888-2009. The accumulated drift of the biases of ten hysteresis loops measured by the pump-probe atomic magnetometer is 0.3 A/m. Based on the above experimental results, the coercivity measurement method by using the pump-probe atomic magnetometer has the advantages of no zero-point drift, good repeatability, fast measurement speed, and 〈i〉in-situ〈/i〉 measurement, and has the potential applications in the basic research field and industrial field of magnetism.〈/sec〉
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1000-3290 , 1000-3290
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 8
    In: Acta Physica Sinica, Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Vol. 71, No. 18 ( 2022), p. 187401-
    Abstract: Superconductivity has become a fascinating research field in condensed matter physics since its discovery in 1911. Nowadays, two-dimensional materials exhibit a variety of new physical phenomena, such as Ising superconductivity, topological superconductivity, and unconventional superconductivity. A number of two-dimensional van der Waals crystals exhibit superconductivity, which provide us with a broad research platform for exploring various physical effects and novel phenomena. In this review, we focus our attention on superconducting properties of two-dimensional van der Waals crystals, and highlight the recent progress of the state-of-the-art research on synthesis, characterization, and isolation of single and few layer nanosheets and the assembly of two-dimensional van der Waals superconductors. Finally we conclude the future research directions and prospects in two-dimensional materials with superconductivity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1000-3290 , 1000-3290
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 9
    In: Acta Physica Sinica, Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Vol. 68, No. 12 ( 2019), p. 128103-
    Abstract: Organometal halide perovskites featuring solution-processable characteristics, high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY), and color purity, are an emerging class of semiconductor with considerable potential applications in optoelectronic devices. Electron injection layer is an important component of perovskite light-emitting device, which determines the growth of perovskite film directly. In this paper, the perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) based on n-type nanocrystalline silicon oxide (n-nc-SiO〈sub〉〈i〉x〈/i〉〈/sub〉:H) electron injection layer are designed and realized. This novel electron injecting material is prepared by the plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), and its smooth surface and matched energy band result in superior perovskite crystallinity and low electron injection barrier from the electron injecting layer to the emissive layer, respectively. However, the external quantum efficiency (EQE) of PeLED is as low as 0.43%, which relates to defects and leakage current due to the incomplete surface coverage of perovskite film. The fast exciton emission decay (〈 10 ns) stems from strong non-radiative energy transfer to the trap states, and represents a big challenge in fabricating high-efficiency PeLEDs. In order to obtain desirable perovskite film morphology, an excessive proportion of methylammonium bromide (MABr) is incorporated into the perovskite solution, and a volume of benzylamine (PMA) is added into the chlorobenzene antisolvent. The perovskite films suffer low PLQY and short PL lifetime if only MABr or PMA is introduced. When the molar ratio of MABr is higher than 60%, the luminescence quenching arising from Joule heating is depressed by employing PMA, contributing to a higher PLQY (〉 30%) and a longer carrier lifetime. The synergistic effect of MABr and PMA increase the coverage and reduce the trap density of perovskite film, inhibit the luminescence quenching in the annealing process, and thus facilitating the perovskite film with higher quality. Finally, the n-i-p PeLED exhibits green-light emission with a maximum current efficiency of 7.93 cd·A〈sup〉-1〈/sup〉 and a maximum EQE up to 2.13% is obtained. These facts provide a novel electron injecting material and a feasible process for implementing the PeLEDs. With further optimizing the perovskite layer and device configuration, the performance of n-i-p type PeLEDs will be improved significantly on the basis of this electron injection material.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1000-3290 , 1000-3290
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2019
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences ; 2020
    In:  Acta Physica Sinica Vol. 69, No. 9 ( 2020), p. 096801-
    In: Acta Physica Sinica, Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Vol. 69, No. 9 ( 2020), p. 096801-
    Abstract: Magnetic imaging technology based on photo-emission electron microscopy (PEEM) has become an important and powerful tool for observing the magnetic domain in spintronics. The PEEM can get access to real-time imaging with high spatial resolution and is greatly sensitive to the spectroscopic information directly from the magnetic films and surfaces through photoemission process with variable excitation sources. Moreover, the breakthrough in the deep ultraviolet (DUV) laser technology makes it possible to realize domain imaging without the limitation of synchrotron radiation facilities or the direct excitation of photoelectrons due to the high enough photon energy of the source in the current threshold excitation study. In this review article, the deep ultraviolet photo-emission electron microscopy system is first introduced briefly. Then, a detailed study of the magnetic domain observation for the surface of L1〈sub〉0〈/sub〉-FePt films by the DUV-PEEM technique is presented, where a spatial resolution as high as 43.2 nm is successfully achieved. The above results clearly indicate that the DUV-PEEM reaches a level equivalent to the level reached by X-ray photoemission imaging technique. Finally, a series of recent progress of perpendicular FePt magnetic thin films obtained by the DUV-PEEM technique is provided in detail. For example, a stepped Cr seeding layer is used to form the large-area epitaxial FePt films with (001) and (111) two orientations, where magnetic linear dichroism (MLD) with large asymmetry is observed in the transition area of two phases. The signal of MLD is 4.6 times larger than that of magnetic circular dichroism. These results demonstrate that the magnetic imaging technology based on DUV-PEEM with excellent resolution ability will potentially become an important method to study magnetic materials in the future.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1000-3290 , 1000-3290
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2020
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