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  • Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences  (141)
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  • Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences  (141)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences ; 2006
    In:  Acta Physica Sinica Vol. 55, No. 7 ( 2006), p. 3375-
    In: Acta Physica Sinica, Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Vol. 55, No. 7 ( 2006), p. 3375-
    Abstract: In this paper, the D→Klv~l decay is researched using by QCD light cone sum rules. Firstly, the form factor of D→K is calculated by choosing a new correlative function to eliminate the effect caused by the uncertainty of twist-3 function, so the calculation result of form factor is more precise, and the branching ratio is consistent with the experimental data.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1000-3290 , 1000-3290
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2006
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences ; 2020
    In:  Acta Physica Sinica Vol. 69, No. 16 ( 2020), p. 167804-
    In: Acta Physica Sinica, Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Vol. 69, No. 16 ( 2020), p. 167804-
    Abstract: Perovskites are widely used in various kinds of optoelectronic devices, including solar cells, photodetectors, light-emitting diodes, etc., due to their excellent properties such as long carrier diffusion length, high absorption coefficient, low trap state density and so on. Functional materials such as layered two-dimensional materials (graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides, etc.),low-dimensional semiconductor nanostructures (nanoparticles, quantum dots, nanowires, nanotubes,nanorods,nanopieces,etc.), metallic nanostructures(Au,Ag, etc.) and insulating materials (insulating polymer, organic amine, inorganic insulating film, etc.) have attracted more and more attention due to their special chemical, electrical and physical properties.In order to broaden the application of perovskites in photovoltaic devices, perovskites can be combined with various functional materials to form heterostructures so as to combine the advantages of the two types of materials.The heterostructures of perovskites/functional materials can be used as the interface modification layer in halide perovskites photovoltaic devices, to improve the crystallinity of perovskite, effectively reduce the surface defects and suppress the carrier recombination loss at the interface. The heterostructures of perovskites/functional materials can be used as the charge transporting layer in halide perovskites photovoltaic devices, can match well with the perovskite energy levels, which is beneficial to the efficient extraction of holes and electrons. The heterostructures of perovskites/functional materials also can be used as encapsulation layer in halide perovskites photovoltaic devices, to reduce the contact between water and perovskite, it can effectively prevent the degradation of perovskite, to improve the device stability.In addition, the semiconductor with narrow bandgap or array structure can be used to broaden the spectral response and to improve the light absorption of the perovskite photovoltaic devices.In a word, the heterostructures of perovskites/functional materials are applied to devices is an effective way to obtain high performance and low cost photovoltaic devices.In this review, recent works on the applications of the heterostructures in halide perovskite photovoltaic devices are comprehensively presented and discussed. The progress and advantages of the heterostructures as the interface modification layer, charge transporting layers and encapsulation layer in halide perovskite photovoltaic devices are systemically reviewed. Finally, we summarize the whole paper and give a prospect for the development of heterostructures based perovskite photovoltaic devices in the future.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1000-3290 , 1000-3290
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 3
    In: Acta Physica Sinica, Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Vol. 66, No. 6 ( 2017), p. 067701-
    Abstract: Polypropylene (PP) is widely used as capacitor films due to its better dielectric, mechanical, and thermal performance. In order to reduce the cost and size of capacitor, high energy density for PP dielectric is pursued. Since energy density is in quadratic proportion to direct current (dc) breakdown strength for linear dielectric, the enhancement of dc breakdown strength for PP dielectric is a primary choice to improve the energy density. Considering that the incorporation of nano-Al2O3 is an effective method to improve the dc breakdown strength for polymer, it is required to study the dc breakdown strength of PP/Al2O3 nanodielectric. In order to explore the breakdown mechanism, PP/Al2O3 nanodielectrics with different nano-particle contents are prepared by melt blending, and the samples are prepared by hot pressing. Their microstructures are observed by scanning electron microscopic. Isothermal surface potential decay, bulk resistivity, and dc breakdown strength of the samples are also measured. The experimental results show that the energy and density of deep traps, bulk resistivity, and dc breakdown strength first increase and then decrease with the increase in nano-Al2O3 content. The maximum values are obtained at a filer content value of 0.5 wt%, where dc breakdown strength can be increased by about 27%. Based on interface model, the relation between microstructure and trap is investigated. In view of space charge breakdown theory, the mechanism of dc breakdown for PP/Al2O3 nanodielectric is explored by trap parameters. It is indicated that the interface can provide more deep traps in PP/Al2O3 nanodielectric, while the decrease in the energy and density of deep traps can be attributed to the overlap of interfaces in electrical double layer. The increase in the energy and density of deep traps makes more carriers trapped near the injecting contact, thus reducing the effective field for carrier injection due to the internal field generated by the trapped carriers. The reduction of carrier injection can moderate the distortion of field in PP dielectric, consequently, resulting in enhancing the dc breakdown strength.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1000-3290 , 1000-3290
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2017
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  • 4
    In: Acta Physica Sinica, Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Vol. 71, No. 7 ( 2022), p. 077801-
    Abstract: Persistent phosphor as a kind of light-emitting material can store excitation energy in the so-called traps, and then persistently release the energy in the form of light emission after the end of excitation. This emission is called persistent luminescence. Much attention has been paid to optimizing the emission performance of persistent phosphors, including emission wavelength and persistent time. However, research on the excitation for charging persistent phosphors is relatively lacking. To acquire the persistent luminescence effectively, the traps need to be filled typically by ionizing irradiation. That is, high-energy light (such as ultraviolet light) is a general requirement for charging the persistent phosphors. Taking into account the fact that low-energy illumination (e.g. visible or infrared light) is much more suitable and less harmful than ultraviolet light for some practical applications, taking advantage of the low-energy light excitation is therefore an urgent issue to be solved in the persistent luminescence area. Several low-energy excitation approaches have been reported, in which up-conversion charging (UCC) is a promising candidate for charging phosphors using low-energy excitation light sources. The definition of UCC is as follows: UCC is a non-linear excitation for storage phosphors, in which the traps are typically filled via a two-step ionization mechanism. Prior research on the UCC has focused primarily on the demonstration of two-step ionization and the associated trapping properties. Recently, researchers have realized that the excitation light may release some trapped electrons while filling the traps (i.e. excitation-light stimulated detrapping). Competition between the trapping and detrapping during the UCC has been roughly described on the assumption that the illumination dose is in a certain range and the effect of ambient-temperature stimulated detrapping is negligible. Despite the initial progress, the exact effect of detrapping on the UCC process needs to be further explored. Here we demonstrate the effect of detrapping on UCC dynamics by a rate equation approach. Accordingly, taking LaMgGa〈sub〉11〈/sub〉O〈sub〉19〈/sub〉:Mn〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉 phosphor illuminated by a 450 nm laser for example, we measure its thermoluminescence. Our measurements reveal that the competition between the trapping and detrapping depends both on illumination power and on illumination duration. The experimental results are consistent well with the theoretical predictions, thereby offering a new insight into the understanding of UCC. In addition, the experimental demonstration on the LaMgGa〈sub〉11〈/sub〉O〈sub〉19〈/sub〉:Mn〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉 phosphor allows us to explore the generality of the present UCC model. Accordingly, we expect some existing phosphors can now be revisited.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1000-3290 , 1000-3290
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences ; 2024
    In:  Acta Physica Sinica Vol. 73, No. 7 ( 2024), p. 072801-
    In: Acta Physica Sinica, Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Vol. 73, No. 7 ( 2024), p. 072801-
    Abstract: Neutron capture reaction is one of the neutron reactions and plays an important role in using reactor control rods and shell materials, designing nuclear device structures, and studying nuclear astrophysics S processes and element origins. The 4π BaF 〈 sub 〉 2 〈 /sub 〉 detection device has advantages such as high time resolution, low neutron sensitivity, and high detection efficiency, thus making it suitable for measuring neutron radiation capture reaction cross-section data. In order to fill the gap in our neutron capture reaction data in the keV energy range and improve their accuracy, the Key Laboratory of Nuclear Data at the Chinese Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE) has established a Gamma Total Absorption Facility (GTAF), which consists of 28 hexagonal BaF 〈 sub 〉 2 〈 /sub 〉 crystals and 12 pentagonal BaF 〈 sub 〉 2 〈 /sub 〉 crystals to form a spherical shell with an external diameter of 25 cm and an internal diameter of 10 cm, covering 95.2% of the solid angles. The Back-n beam line of the Chinese Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) is a back-streaming white beam line that covers neutron energy ranging from a few eV to several hundred MeV, making it suitable for measuring neutron capture cross-sections. The reaction cross-section data of 〈 sup 〉 197 〈 /sup 〉 Au is measured by using GTAF on the Back-n beam line. The measurement data are preliminarily background deducted through energy screening, PSD method, and crystal multiplicity screening. Subsequently, the background is analyzed and deducted based on the measurement data of 〈 sup 〉 nat 〈 /sup 〉 C and empty samples, and the yield of 〈 sup 〉 197 〈 /sup 〉 Au capture reaction is obtained. Resonance parameters are a set of parameters extracted from experimental data to describe the resonance curve, which can eliminate the influence of experimental conditions on resonance data and are more important than the cross-section obtained from experiments. The resonance energy, neutron resonance width, and gamma resonance width parameters of 〈 sup 〉 197 〈 /sup 〉 Au at 1–100 eV are fitted by using the SAMMY program. From the comparison between the resonance curves obtained from experimental measurements and the resonance parameters obtained from fitting with the ENDF/B-VIII.0 database, it can follow that the experimental measurement results are in good agreement with the database, nevertheless, there exist some differences in the resonance parameter, which may be due to the GTAF energy resolution, Back-n neutron spectrum measurement accuracy, and the experimental background deduction method. Our next work is to identify the sources of difference.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1000-3290 , 1000-3290
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2024
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences ; 2021
    In:  Acta Physica Sinica Vol. 70, No. 8 ( 2021), p. 082901-
    In: Acta Physica Sinica, Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Vol. 70, No. 8 ( 2021), p. 082901-
    Abstract: At present, there exist few proton-beam terminals for the detector calibration in the world. Meanwhile, most of these terminals provide monoenergetic protons. Back-n white neutron source from China Spallation Neutron Source(CSNS) was put into operation in 2018. Based on the white neutron flux ranging from 0.5 eV to 200 MeV from the CSNS Back-n white neutron source, continuous-energy protons involved in a wide energy spectrum can be acquired from the 〈sup〉1〈/sup〉H(n, el) reaction. Adopting this method, a new research platform for researches such as proton calibration is realized at CSNS. As hydrogen exists as gas at normal temperature and pressure, in the selecting of the proton-converting target, the hydrogen-rich compounds are preferential considered. Considering the reaction cross sections of the 〈sup〉1〈/sup〉H(n, el), 〈sup〉12〈/sup〉C(n, p)〈sup〉12〈/sup〉B, 〈sup〉12〈/sup〉C(n, d)〈sup〉11〈/sup〉B, 〈sup〉12〈/sup〉C(n, t)〈sup〉10〈/sup〉B, 〈sup〉12〈/sup〉C(n, 〈sup〉3〈/sup〉He)〈sup〉10〈/sup〉Be, 〈sup〉12〈/sup〉C(n, α)〈sup〉9〈/sup〉Be and 〈sup〉1〈/sup〉H(n, γ)〈sup〉2〈/sup〉H, polyethylene and polypropylene are suitable for serving as targets in this research. Based on a 3U PXIe, digitizers with 1 GSps sampling rate and 12 bit resolution are utilized to digitize and record the output signals of telescopes. The time and amplitude information of each signal are extracted from its recorded waveform. Proton fluxes can be calculated by using the neutron energy spectrum and the cross section of the 〈sup〉1〈/sup〉H(n, el) reaction. Using the γ-flash event as the starting time of the time-of-flight (TOF) and the time information of signal in detector as the stopping time, the kinematic energy of each secondary proton can be deduced from the TOF and the angle of the detector. A calibration experiment on three charged particle telescopes, with each telescope consisting of a silicon detector and a CsI(Tl) detector, is carried out on this research platform. The readout methods of the CsI(Tl) detectors in these three telescopes are different. In the calibration experiment, Δ〈i〉E-〈/i〉〈i〉E〈/i〉 two-dimensional spectra and amplitude-〈i〉E〈/i〉〈sub〉p〈/sub〉 two-dimensional spectra of these telescopes are obtained. Through comparing these particle identification spectra, the SiPM is chosen as the signal readout method for CsI(Tl) detectors in the charged particle telescopes. These researches provide experimental evidence for the construction of the charged particle telescope at Back-n, and also illustrate the feasibility of wide-energy spectrum proton calibration based on the Back-n white neutron source.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1000-3290 , 1000-3290
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences ; 2021
    In:  Acta Physica Sinica Vol. 70, No. 22 ( 2021), p. 222801-
    In: Acta Physica Sinica, Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Vol. 70, No. 22 ( 2021), p. 222801-
    Abstract: The data of neutron capture cross section are very important for the research of nuclear astrophysics, advanced nuclear energy development. Owing to the limitation of neutron source and detector, the experimental data of neutron capture cross section in an energy range of 1 eV–10 keV were almost blank in China. The first Chinese gamma-ray total absorption facility has been constructed in the key laboratory of nuclear data at China institute of atomic energy, which consists of 40 BaF〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 detector units. The BaF〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 crystal shell with a thickness of 15 cm and an inner radius of 10 cm covers 95.2% of the solid angle. On-line measurement method of neutron capture reaction cross section is established on the back-streaming white neutron source of China spallation neutron source by using the upgraded facility. The cross section of 〈sup〉197〈/sup〉Au neutron capture reaction is measured for the first time under the experimental condition of irregular 30 mm neutron beam spot. The measured position of resonance peak is well consistent with the relevant data of ENDF evaluation database, which verifies the reliability of the measurement device and measurement technology, and thus laying the foundation for the acquisition of high precision cross section in future.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1000-3290 , 1000-3290
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences ; 2020
    In:  Acta Physica Sinica Vol. 69, No. 17 ( 2020), p. 172901-
    In: Acta Physica Sinica, Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Vol. 69, No. 17 ( 2020), p. 172901-
    Abstract: The back-streaming neutron beam line (Back-n) was built in the beginning of 2018, which is part of the China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS). The Back-n is the first white neutron beam line in China, and its main application is for nuclear data measurement. For most of neutron-induced nuclear reaction measurements based on white neutron facilities, the beam of gamma rays accompanied with neutron beam is one of the most important experimental backgrounds. The back streaming neutron beam is transported directly from the spallation target to the experimental station without any moderator or shielding, the flux of the in-beam gamma rays in the experimental station is much larger than those of these facilities with neutron moderator and shielding. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the influence of in-beam gamma rays on the experimental results. Studies of the in-beam gamma rays are carried out at the back-n. Monte-Carlo simulation is employed to obtain the energy distribution and the time structure of the in-beam gamma rays. According to the simulation results, when the neutron flight time is longer than 1.0 μs the energy distribution of the in-beam gamma rays does not vary with flight time. Therefore, the time structure of these gamma rays can be measured without the correction of the detection efficiency. In this work, the time structure of the in-beam gamma rays in the low neutron energy region is measured by both direct and indirect methods. In the direct measurement, a 〈sup〉6〈/sup〉Li loaded ZnS(Ag) scintillator is located on the neutron beam line and the time of flight method is used to determine the time structure of neutrons and gamma rays. The gamma rays are separated from neutrons with pulse-shape discrimination. The black filter method is used to verify the particle discrimination results. In the indirect measurement, the C〈sub〉6〈/sub〉D〈sub〉6〈/sub〉 scintillation detectors are used to measure the gamma rays scattered off a Pb sample on the way of the neutron beam. The time structure of the in-beam gamma rays is derived from that of the scattered gamma rays. The experimental results are in good agreement with the simulations with the time-of-flight between 12 μs and 2.0 ms. Besides, according to the simulation results, the intensity of the in-beam gamma rays is 1.21 × 10〈sup〉6〈/sup〉 s〈sup〉–1〈/sup〉·cm〈sup〉–2〈/sup〉 in the center of the experimental station 2 of Back-n, which is 76.5 m away from the spallation target of CSNS.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1000-3290 , 1000-3290
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences ; 2019
    In:  Acta Physica Sinica Vol. 68, No. 10 ( 2019), p. 109901-
    In: Acta Physica Sinica, Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Vol. 68, No. 10 ( 2019), p. 109901-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1000-3290 , 1000-3290
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2019
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences ; 2019
    In:  Acta Physica Sinica Vol. 68, No. 8 ( 2019), p. 080101-
    In: Acta Physica Sinica, Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Vol. 68, No. 8 ( 2019), p. 080101-
    Abstract: The Chinese spallation neutron source was completed in May 2018 and then subsequently commissioned. The Back-streaming white neutron beam line can be used in neutron nuclear data measurement, neutron physics research, and nuclear technology. In these experiments, it is necessary to know the neutron energy spectrum, the neutron flux, and the neutron beam profile of the neutron beam. In this paper, we present the preliminary measurements of these parameters. The neutron energy spectrum and neutron flux are measured by the time-of-flight method with a fission chamber equipped with 〈sup〉235〈/sup〉U and 〈sup〉238〈/sup〉U samples and a 〈sup〉6〈/sup〉Li-Si detector. The neutron beam profile is measured by a scintillator-CMOS detection system. The preliminary experimental measurements of the beam line are obtained. Among them, the energy spectrum measurement range of white neutrons is from eV to more than 100 MeV, which also gives an uncertainty analysis; the neutron fluence rate gives the full power value of the two experimental halls; the collimated white neutron beam spot is given under a diameter of 60 mm. The future plan is also given. The results of these experimental parameters can serve as the foundation for the future nuclear data measurement and detector calibration experiments of the beam line.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1000-3290 , 1000-3290
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2019
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