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  • Acoustical Society of America (ASA)  (5)
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  • Acoustical Society of America (ASA)  (5)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 1968
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 44, No. 1 ( 1968-07-01), p. 257-263
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 44, No. 1 ( 1968-07-01), p. 257-263
    Abstract: The properties of the human ear are duplicated in simple physical models that may be accurately specified. A shallow cylindrical cavity set in an infinite plane that represents the concha has a depth resonance with values of gain and bandwidth in agreement with those observed in typical real ears under “meatus-blocked” conditions. To represent the human pinna, a rectangular flange is added to an inclined cylindrical concha. A cylindrical canal with a two-element network to simulate the eardrum impedance completes the model. Response curves with hard and soft eardrums, measured at eardrum position, at canal entrance and with blocked meatus, all have identical angular dependence up to 7 kHz and very similar angular dependence up to at least 12 kHz. The response of the model with blocked meatus and with open canal is in good agreement with real-ear data up to 7 kHz at normal and oblique incidence. Pressure distributions in the model ear for the first two modes (M1 and M2) are in excellent agreement with replica data.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 1968
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 219231-7
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 1968
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 44, No. 1 ( 1968-07-01), p. 240-249
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 44, No. 1 ( 1968-07-01), p. 240-249
    Abstract: A rubber replica has a pinna, concha, and auditory meatus with dimensions comparable with those of real human ears. At the eardrum position, there is provision for a totally reflecting termination (hard wall) or for various eardrum impedance networks. The replica is mounted in a rigid plane, and a point source at a distance of 8 cm provides sound with various angles of incidence over the frequency range 1–15 kHz. The sound pressure is measured with a probe-tube microphone at selected positions in the open canal and at the center of a plug closing the ear-canal entrance (“meatus-blocked” condition). The response with open canal and the response with blocked meatus have virtually identical angular dependence up to 12 kHz. From 2–7 kHz, there is substantial acoustic gain at the eardrum position associated with a fundamental canal resonance (M1) and a second mode largely controlled by a depth resonance of the concha (M2). Pressure distributions in the canal and concha are given for M1, M2, and three other modes. Limited data for six real ears with open and blocked canal are in good agreement with replica measurements up to 7 kHz. At 8 kHz, however, the on-axis response of real ears passes through a sharp minimum that is either removed to a higher frequency or is largely absent with the sound source above the axis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 1968
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 219231-7
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 1966
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 39, No. 6_Supplement ( 1966-06-01), p. 1226-1226
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 39, No. 6_Supplement ( 1966-06-01), p. 1226-1226
    Abstract: A physical replica of the external ear has been mounted in a large rigid plane. A point source of sound is placed a few centimeters from the earcanal entrance and at any desired angular position. The sound pressure at selected positions in the external ear is measured with a probe-tube microphone over the frequency range 1–15 kcps. The ratio of earcanal pressure to reference pressure measured at a reflecting plane surface is substantially independent of source distance for d⩾8 cm. Response curves at the eardrum are markedly dependent on angle of incidence above 4 kcps. A well-defined resonance at 2.8 kcps is measured at all positions in canal and concha. The concha alone has a very broad quasilongitudinal (depth) resonance at 4–6 kcps and transverse resonances above 9 kcps.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 1966
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 219231-7
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 1967
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 42, No. 5_Supplement ( 1967-11-01), p. 1148-1148
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 42, No. 5_Supplement ( 1967-11-01), p. 1148-1148
    Abstract: The pressure distributions generated in an external ear replica by a nearby point source have been measured with a probe microphone. Five normal modes have been clearly identified, M1 at 2.9 kHz that is essentially the λ/4 resonance of the canal proper with a large end correction, M2 at 5.5 kHz the fundamental depth resonance of the concha with large radiation damping and weak canal coupling, M3 at 9.3 kHz related to the first transverse resonance of the concha, M4 at 11.2 kHz, and M5 at 12.8 kHz a pair of modes related to the second transverse resonance. M1 and M2 are consistent with limited measurements on real ears and are easily reproduced in a simple geometrical model. Above 6 kHz, transverse wave-motion in the concha is largely responsible for large variations of response with angle of incidence. Real ears, replica, and model all exhibit relatively low on-axis response in the 8-kHz region.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 1967
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 219231-7
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 1980
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 67, No. S1 ( 1980-04-01), p. S40-S40
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 67, No. S1 ( 1980-04-01), p. S40-S40
    Abstract: In spoken Japanese sentence, mora is regarded as a temporal unit because of its isochronous tendency. However, in slowly spoken Japanese sentence or verse, two moras tend to be read as one cluster and the isochrony of more looks gone. So the cluster comes up as a rhythm unit. This tendency is quite clear in recitation of verse. Some people have taken notice to such a phenomenon, but nobody confirmed it by physical measurement. Here, durations of moras are measured systematically according to speaking speed, in order to study how the cluster consists of two moras. As a result, it is found out that a waiting interval comes up between the second mora in the cluster and the first mora of the next cluster, whenever the speed comes fairly slow. During the waiting interval, voicing action usually still continues. So, the apparent duration of the second more looks longer than the first one. This is the reason why the waiting intervals have never been revealed unless they are studied and measured systematically.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 1980
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 219231-7
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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