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  • AIP Publishing  (748)
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  • AIP Publishing  (748)
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  • 1
    In: Applied Physics Letters, AIP Publishing, Vol. 114, No. 1 ( 2019-01-07)
    Abstract: Multicomponent alloying has displayed extraordinary potential for producing exceptional structural and functional materials. However, the synthesis of single-phase, multi-principal covalent compounds remains a challenge. Here, we present a diffusion-controlled alloying strategy for the realization of covalent multi-principal transition metal carbides (MPTMCs) with a single face-centered cubic phase. The increased interfacial diffusion promoted by the addition of a nonstoichiometric compound leads to rapid formation of the single phase at much lower sintering temperature. Direct atomic-level observations via scanning transmission electron microscopy demonstrate that MPTMCs are composed of a single phase with a random distribution of all cations, which holds the key to the unique combinations of improved fracture toughness, superior Vickers hardness, and extremely lower thermal diffusivity achieved in MPTMCs. The present discovery provides a promising approach toward the design and synthesis of next-generation high-performance materials.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0003-6951 , 1077-3118
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: AIP Publishing
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 211245-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1469436-0
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  • 2
    In: Physics of Fluids, AIP Publishing, Vol. 35, No. 2 ( 2023-02-01)
    Abstract: Condensation of convective moist air flow is a crucial physical process and is directly related to various industries. It is essential to understand the underlying growth mechanism of condensing droplets, while past studies have commonly considered convective transport with a negligible/simplified approach. In this work, a three-dimensional transient multiphysics coupling model was developed to investigate the transport characteristics of condensing droplets in convective moist air flow. This model typically interconnects heat transfer with vapor–liquid phase change, mass transport, and fluid flow. The results reveal that convective flow significantly dominates heat and mass transport during condensation. On the gas side, the incoming flow thins the diffusion layer at the windward part with a large concentration gradient. However, a low vapor-concentration zone behind the droplet is formed due to the resulting rear-side vortex, which presents an increased influence as the contact angle increases. By forcing molecular diffusion with convection transport, vapor transport from surroundings to the condensing interface is enhanced several times depending on the Reynolds number. Within the droplet, the flow shearing at the interface is principally responsible for the strong internal convection, while the Marangoni effect is negligible. The internal flow greatly affects the droplet temperature profile with a large gradient close to the base. Finally, convective flow contributes to over 3.3 times higher overall heat transfer coefficient than the quiescent environment. In addition, in interaction-governed growth, transport characteristics depend on not only the size and space distributions of droplets but also the interaction between droplets and convective flow.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1070-6631 , 1089-7666
    Language: English
    Publisher: AIP Publishing
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1472743-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 241528-8
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  • 3
    In: Applied Physics Letters, AIP Publishing, Vol. 104, No. 21 ( 2014-05-26)
    Abstract: We report an anomalous phase transition in compressed In2Se3. The high-pressure studies indicate that In2Se3 transforms to a new isosymmetric R-3m structure at 0.8 GPa whilst the volume collapses by ∼7%. This phase transition involves a pressure-induced interlayer shear glide with respect to one another. Consequently, the outer Se atoms of one sheet locate into the interstitial sites of three Se atoms in the neighboring sheets that are weakly connected by van der Waals interaction. Interestingly, this interlayer shear glide changes the stacking sequence significantly but leaves crystal symmetry unaffected. This study provides an insight to the mechanisms of the intriguing isosymmetric phase transition.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0003-6951 , 1077-3118
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: AIP Publishing
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 211245-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1469436-0
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  • 4
    In: Physics of Plasmas, AIP Publishing, Vol. 28, No. 6 ( 2021-06-01)
    Abstract: Great efforts have been made to create a bright K-shell source using the thin metal cylindrical cavities in the past few decades. Several metal materials such as titanium (Ti), iron, and so on have been tested for high x-ray conversion efficiency mainly at the OMEGA and NIF laser facilities. Recently, x-ray sources in Ti K-shell transition energy range were investigated at the Shenguang-III prototype laser facility with ∼5 kJ laser energy. The experiments were aimed to reproduce the previous ones at OMEGA, but with an extraordinarily small volume of cylindrical cavity and detailed characterizations of the x-ray source. The cavities were 800 μm inner diameter, 800 μm length, and 30 μm thick plastic tubes supporting 1 μm thick Ti. Seven laser beams were focused to 200 μm diameter. The combination of the small cavity volume and the focused laser spots is intended to improve the electron temperature with limited laser energy since the electron temperature is a key issue for high x-ray conversion efficiency. Thomson scattering was adopted to experimentally probe the electron temperatures at special time and space zones as well as the average temperature obtained from the Ti K-shell spectrum. The evolutions of the electron temperature and density are predicted by the radiation hydrodynamic simulation. A top view and two photon energy bands of x-ray source images provide a way to directly observe the plasma movement toward the cavity axis and distinguish the different emission mechanisms between the Ti K-shell and lower energy x rays. Six Higher-energy x-ray detectors located at different angles were used to record the Ti K-shell x-ray emission and demonstrate its isotropic feature. The characteristics of the x-ray radiate intensity including the time evolution, the angular distribution, and the total yields for both the photon energy regions above and below 4 keV are compared between the cavity and planar targets. Obviously, different behaviors were found between the two photon energy regions and the two types of targets. The x-ray conversion efficiency of the Ti cylinder was determined to be ∼4% and ∼21% in 4π sr in the Ti K-shell (4–7 keV) and  & lt;4 keV range, respectively. The Ti K-shell conversion efficiency obtained in the present experiments is between the ones driven by 13.5 and 4.5 kJ laser energy at OMEGA.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1070-664X , 1089-7674
    Language: English
    Publisher: AIP Publishing
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1472746-8
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  • 5
    In: Applied Physics Letters, AIP Publishing, Vol. 92, No. 14 ( 2008-04-07)
    Abstract: In this work, we developed processes to biofunctionalize magnetic nanoparticles dispersed in phosphate buffer saline solution. For future clinical utility, magnetic nanoparticles were biofunctionalized with anti-vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) to label the VCAM-1 molecule, which served as an indicator for the lesions prone to vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque formation. The biofunctionalized magnetic nanoparticles were used to magnetically label, in vitro, cells expressing VCAM-1, as well as to locate the vulnerable aortic lesions of hypercholesterolemic rabbits with the aid of magnetic resonance imaging. In addition to demonstrating the feasibility of using biofunctionalized magnetic nanoparticles for biomolecule assays, the relevant physical mechanisms are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0003-6951 , 1077-3118
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: AIP Publishing
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 211245-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1469436-0
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    AIP Publishing ; 2022
    In:  The Journal of Chemical Physics Vol. 157, No. 18 ( 2022-11-14)
    In: The Journal of Chemical Physics, AIP Publishing, Vol. 157, No. 18 ( 2022-11-14)
    Abstract: Establishing the structure–property relationship is an important goal of glassy materials, but it is usually impeded by their disordered structure and non-equilibrium nature. Recent studies have illustrated that secondary (β) relaxation is closely correlated with several properties in a range of glassy materials. However, it has been challenging to identify the pertinent structural features that govern it. In this work, we show that the so-called polyamorphous transition in metallic glasses offers an opportunity to distinguish the structural length scale of β relaxation. We find that, while the glass transition temperature and medium-range orders (MROs) change rapidly across the polyamorphous transition, the intensity of β relaxation and the short-range orders (SROs) evolve in a way similar to those in an ordinary reference glass without polyamorphous transition. Our findings suggest that the MRO accounts mainly for the global stiffening of the materials and the glass transition, while the SRO contributes more to β relaxation per se.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-9606 , 1089-7690
    Language: English
    Publisher: AIP Publishing
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3113-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1473050-9
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  • 7
    In: Review of Scientific Instruments, AIP Publishing, Vol. 89, No. 2 ( 2018-02-01)
    Abstract: We report a new scenario of the time-of-flight technique in which fast neutrons and delayed gamma-ray signals were both recorded in a millisecond time window in harsh environments induced by high-intensity lasers. The delayed gamma signals, arriving far later than the original fast neutron and often being ignored previously, were identified to be the results of radiative captures of thermalized neutrons. The linear correlation between the gamma photon number and the fast neutron yield shows that these delayed gamma events can be employed for neutron diagnosis. This method can reduce the detecting efficiency dropping problem caused by prompt high-flux gamma radiation and provides a new way for neutron diagnosing in high-intensity laser-target interaction experiments.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0034-6748 , 1089-7623
    Language: English
    Publisher: AIP Publishing
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 209865-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1472905-2
    SSG: 11
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  • 8
    In: Review of Scientific Instruments, AIP Publishing, Vol. 90, No. 9 ( 2019-09-01)
    Abstract: A low-energy, compact, and superconducting electron beam ion trap (the Shanghai-Wuhan EBIT or SW-EBIT) for extraction of highly charged ions is presented. The magnetic field in the central drift tube of the SW-EBIT is approximately 0.21 T produced by a pair of high-temperature superconducting coils. The electron-beam energy of the SW-EBIT is in the range of 30–4000 eV, and the maximum electron-beam current is up to 9 mA. Acting as a source of highly charged ions, the ion-beam optics for extraction is integrated, including an ion extractor and an einzel lens. A Wien filter is then used to measure the charge-state distribution of the extracted ions. In this work, the tungsten ions below the charge state of 15 have been produced, extracted, and analyzed. The charge-state distributions and spectra in the range of 530–580 nm of tungsten ions have been measured simultaneously with the electron-beam energy of 279 eV and 300 eV, which preliminarily indicates that the 549.9 nm line comes from W14+.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0034-6748 , 1089-7623
    Language: English
    Publisher: AIP Publishing
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 209865-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1472905-2
    SSG: 11
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  • 9
    In: Applied Physics Letters, AIP Publishing, Vol. 117, No. 13 ( 2020-09-28)
    Abstract: Organic solar cells (OSCs) have been attracting considerable interest due to their unique advantages of low cost, light weight, and especially mechanical flexibility. The low-cost and high-throughput techniques matching with the large-scale and roll-to-roll (R2R) process for fabricating efficient OSCs in the ambient condition would greatly accelerate the potential commercialization of OSCs. Herein, we demonstrate that the fabrication processes of OSCs using the bulk heterojunction (BHJ) composed of poly[(2,6–(4,8-bis(5–(2-ethylhexy)thiophen-2-yl)-benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene))-alt-(5,5–(1′,3′-di-2-thienyl-5′,7′-bis(2-ethylhexyl)benzo[1′,2′-c:4′5′-c′] dithiophene-4,8-dione))] (PBDB-T) and 3,9-bis(2-methylene-(3–(1,1-dicyanomethylene)-5-methylindanone)-5,5,11,11-tetrakis(4-hexylphenyl)-dithieno[2,3-d:2′,3′-d′] -s-indaceno[1,2-b:5,6-b′]-dithiophene (IT-M) are transferred from a glovebox to the ambient condition, where the deposition of doctor blading instead of conventional spin coating is investigated. The morphology, microphase separation, and crystallinity of BHJ PBDB-T:IT-M are dramatically influenced by the fabrication processes. The OSCs with a structure of ITO/ZnO/PBDB-T:IT-M/MoO3/Ag fabricated via doctor-blading in the ambient condition show a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 9.0% as compared to conventional spin-coated OSCs in a glovebox with a PCE of 11.91% and in the ambient condition with a PCE of 9.91%. These results suggest that efficient OSCs could be processed in the ambient condition by large-scale and low-cost doctor-blading, which can be compatible with the R2R manufacturing process.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0003-6951 , 1077-3118
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: AIP Publishing
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 211245-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1469436-0
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  • 10
    In: Applied Physics Letters, AIP Publishing, Vol. 108, No. 6 ( 2016-02-08)
    Abstract: High-quality continuous uniform monolayer graphene was grown on polycrystalline PtRh20 alloy foils by low pressure chemical vapor deposition. The morphology of graphene was investigated by Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Analysis results confirm that high quality single-layer graphene was fabricated on PtRh20 foil at 1050 °C using a lower flux of methane under low pressure. Graphene films were transferred onto the SiO2/Si substrate by the bubbling transfer method. The mobility of a test field effect transistor made of the graphene grown on PtRh20 was measured and reckoned at room temperature, showing that the carrier mobility was about 4000 cm2 V−1 s−1. The results indicate that desired quality of single-layer graphene grown on PtRh20 foils can be obtained by tuning reaction conditions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0003-6951 , 1077-3118
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: AIP Publishing
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 211245-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1469436-0
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