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  • AIP Publishing  (12)
  • 1
    In: Journal of Applied Physics, AIP Publishing, Vol. 132, No. 4 ( 2022-07-28)
    Abstract: Synaptic devices that mimic biological neurons have attracted much attention for brain-inspired neuromorphic computing. Especially, synaptic thin-film transistors (TFTs) have emerged with simultaneous signal processing and information storage advantages. However, the analysis of excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) relies on an empirical model such as a serial RC circuit, which limits a systematic and in-depth study of synaptic devices in terms of material and electrical properties. Herein, the single-pulse-driven synaptic EPSC (SPSE) model, including capacitive effect and information of the synaptic window, is analytically proposed. The SPSE model can simulate EPSC of synaptic devices at given TFT-operating conditions. EPSC with the SPSE model can be characterized with quantified parameters for the capacitive effects and the synaptic windows, which also depend on the electrical condition applied to TFTs. Various kinds of synaptic-TFTs with different gate insulators (e.g., SiO2 and ion-gel) are used to confirm the performance of the SPSE model. For example, the SPSE model can capture the long-term robustness of ion-gel-based TFTs with specific quantified parameters. In addition, the SPSE model enables the estimation of energy consumption, which can potentially be leveraged to compare the energy cost of EPSC fairly. The SPSE model can provide a guideline to understand the physical properties of synaptic TFTs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-8979 , 1089-7550
    Language: English
    Publisher: AIP Publishing
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 220641-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3112-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1476463-5
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    AIP Publishing ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Mathematical Physics Vol. 63, No. 3 ( 2022-03-01)
    In: Journal of Mathematical Physics, AIP Publishing, Vol. 63, No. 3 ( 2022-03-01)
    Abstract: The Cauchy problem for the Einstein–Boltzmann-scalar field system is studied. A spatially flat Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker spacetime is considered with matter contents described by the relativistic Boltzmann equation for Israel particles and a nonlinear scalar field with an exponential potential. The initial data are assumed to be small in a suitable sense, and we obtain the global existence and asymptotic behavior of small solutions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-2488 , 1089-7658
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: AIP Publishing
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1472481-9
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    AIP Publishing ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Mathematical Physics Vol. 64, No. 1 ( 2023-01-01)
    In: Journal of Mathematical Physics, AIP Publishing, Vol. 64, No. 1 ( 2023-01-01)
    Abstract: We show that small homogeneous solutions to the Einstein–Boltzmann-scalar field system exist globally toward the future and tend to the de Sitter solution in a suitable sense. More specifically, we assume that the spacetime is of Bianchi type I–VIII, that the matter is described by Israel particles and that there exists a scalar field with a potential which has a positive lower bound. This represents a generalization of the work [H. Lee and E. Nungesser, Classical Quantum Gravity 35, 025001 (2018)], where a cosmological constant was considered, and a generalization of [H. Lee and J. Lee, J. Math. Phys. 63, 031502 (2022)] , where a spatially flat FLRW spacetime was considered. We obtain the global existence and asymptotic behavior of classical solutions to the Einstein–Boltzmann-scalar field system for small initial data.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-2488 , 1089-7658
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: AIP Publishing
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1472481-9
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  • 4
    In: AIP Advances, AIP Publishing, Vol. 10, No. 4 ( 2020-04-01)
    Abstract: A chemical sensor was fabricated using indium-tin-oxide (ITO) films printed on biodegradable plastic substrates. The ITO layers were printed on polylactic acid (PLA) films. To optimize the printing procedure, the thermal properties of the PLA substrate were investigated using the differential scanning calorimetry method. The structural and electrical properties of the fabricated ITO films (P-ITO) were compared with commercial sputtered ITO films (S-ITO). X-ray diffraction and Hall effect measurements were used to estimate the grain size and the carrier transportation mechanism of the ITO films. The small grain size of P-ITO was attributed to its scattering mechanism. Grain boundary scattering was shown to be dominant in the P-ITO. The chemical sensing properties were also evaluated using a droplet of methanol (20 µl), indicating that the response rate of the P-ITO film was considerably higher (650%) than that of the S-ITO film. These results were attributed to the large surface area of the P-ITO film.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2158-3226
    Language: English
    Publisher: AIP Publishing
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2583909-3
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    AIP Publishing ; 2017
    In:  Applied Physics Letters Vol. 110, No. 5 ( 2017-01-30)
    In: Applied Physics Letters, AIP Publishing, Vol. 110, No. 5 ( 2017-01-30)
    Abstract: An operating solar cell undergoes solar heating; thus, the degradation study of organic photo-voltaic (OPV) with a thermal stress is required for their practical applications. We present a thermal degradation study on OPVs fabricated with photo-active polymers having different crystalline phase. Light intensity dependent analysis for different thermal stress duration is performed. In crystalline, the degradation majorly occurs due to drop in open-circuit voltage while in amorphous one it is due to drop in short-circuit current. Physical mechanism in both systems is explained and supported by the X-ray diffraction, morphological and optical characterization.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0003-6951 , 1077-3118
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: AIP Publishing
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 211245-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1469436-0
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  • 6
    In: Applied Physics Letters, AIP Publishing, Vol. 94, No. 10 ( 2009-03-09)
    Abstract: GaN films were grown at 550 °C and subsequently at 1040 °C on sapphire (101¯2) (r-plane) substrates by using hydride vapor phase epitaxy with different layer thicknesses. As the thickness of a low-temperature-grown GaN layer was increased, a preferred orientation of GaN grown at 1040 °C changed from [112¯0] to [0001] . A detailed atomistic model reveals that this spontaneous transition in preferred orientation is due to the formation of inversion domain boundaries and stacking faults. This result has a significant implication that tailoring film characteristics in terms of controllability of preferred orientation may be possible independent of substrate orientation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0003-6951 , 1077-3118
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: AIP Publishing
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 211245-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1469436-0
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    AIP Publishing ; 2016
    In:  Applied Physics Letters Vol. 108, No. 24 ( 2016-06-13)
    In: Applied Physics Letters, AIP Publishing, Vol. 108, No. 24 ( 2016-06-13)
    Abstract: We synthesize a series of CVD h-BN films and perform critical infrared spectroscopic characterization. For high-temperature (HT, Temp = 1400 °C) grown h-BN thin film, only E1u-mode infrared phonon is activated demonstrating highly aligned 2D h-BN planes over large area, whereas low-temperature (LT, Temp = 1000 °C) grown film shows two phonon peaks, E1u and A2u, due to stacking of h-BN plane at tilted angle. For CVD graphene transferred on HT h-BN/SiO2/Si substrate, interband transition spectrum σ1 shifts strongly to lower energy compared with that on LT h-BN/SiO2/Si and on bare SiO2/Si substrates, revealing that the residual carrier density n in graphene is suppressed by the use of HT h-BN layer. Also, the interband transition width of σ1 defined by effective temperature is reduced from 400 K for G/SiO2/Si to 300 K for HT h-BN/SiO2/Si. The behaviors of n and effective temperature show that the HT h-BN film can decouple CVD graphene from the impurity and defect of SiO2 leading to a large scale free-standing like graphene.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0003-6951 , 1077-3118
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: AIP Publishing
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 211245-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1469436-0
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    AIP Publishing ; 2021
    In:  AIP Advances Vol. 11, No. 12 ( 2021-12-01)
    In: AIP Advances, AIP Publishing, Vol. 11, No. 12 ( 2021-12-01)
    Abstract: A bending sensor having a structure in which silver nanowires (AgNWs) are located between polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) layers, which can distinguish outward bending and inward bending directions, was fabricated. As the absolute value of curvature increased during outward bending, the relative change in resistance increased, and at a curvature of 0.24 mm−1, it increased by 36% compared to the flat state. In inward bending, the relative change in resistance decreased as the curvature increased. In order to analyze the reason for the opposite resistance change depending on the bending direction, the birefringence of the PDMS polymer during bending was measured using the Stokes polarimetry method. Due to the different locations of the neutral plane with the asymmetric position of the AgNWs, the PDMS polymers were aligned differently. The opposite resistance change during outward and inward bending could be explained as the effect of the different realignments of the AgNWs imprinted by the PDMS polymers.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2158-3226
    Language: English
    Publisher: AIP Publishing
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2583909-3
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    AIP Publishing ; 2022
    In:  Applied Physics Letters Vol. 120, No. 7 ( 2022-02-14)
    In: Applied Physics Letters, AIP Publishing, Vol. 120, No. 7 ( 2022-02-14)
    Abstract: Due to their unique properties and potential applications, van der Waals (vdW) crystals with covalently bonded building blocks through vdW interactions have sparked widespread interest. In this article, we introduce a Ta2Ni3Se8 material as an example of an emerging one-dimensional (1D)-vdW-based material. Recently, it was demonstrated that bulk Ta2Ni3Se8 crystals may be effectively exfoliated into a few-chain-scale nanowires using simple mechanical and liquid-phase exfoliation. We performed density-functional theory calculations to get a better understanding of its electrical, magnetic, and transport properties. Theoretically, we expect that this Ta2Ni3Se8 is a semiconducting material, displaying the indirect-to-direct bandgap transition from bulk to single, as well as the band splitting and bandgap opening with the inclusion of Coulomb interaction. Based on deformation potential theory, the carrier mobility of bulk Ta2Ni3Se8 along the axis direction (a-axis) is as high as 264.00 cm2 V−1 s−1 for electrons and 119.62 cm2 V−1 s−1 for holes. The calculated carrier mobility of Ta2Ni3Se8, a 1D single nanowire, is 59.60 cm2 V−1 s−1 for electrons and 42.90 cm2 V−1 s−1 for holes, which is comparable to that of other 1D materials. This confirms that a recently developed field-effect transistor based on Ta2Ni3Se8 nanowires exhibits maximum experimental mobilities of 20.3 and 3.52 cm2 V−1 s−1 for electrons and holes, respectively. On the basis of the obtained intriguing properties of 1D vdW Ta2Ni3Se8 material, it is expected to be a potential candidate for additional 1D materials as channel materials.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0003-6951 , 1077-3118
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: AIP Publishing
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 211245-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1469436-0
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    AIP Publishing ; 2022
    In:  Applied Physics Letters Vol. 120, No. 6 ( 2022-02-07)
    In: Applied Physics Letters, AIP Publishing, Vol. 120, No. 6 ( 2022-02-07)
    Abstract: For the van der Waals bond-based one-dimensional two- (Nb2Se9 and V2Se9) and three-component group (Ta2Ni3Se8, Ta2Pt3Se8, and Nb2Pd3Se8) materials, alloy phases were synthesized according to the mixing ratio of transition metals, and basic analysis of phase stability and lattice structure was performed. The formation of alloy phases corresponding to Nb2-xVxSe9 and Ta2MxN3-xSe8 (M, N = Ni, Pd, and Pt) was confirmed, and lattice engineering was possible by changing the interplanar distance according to the transition metal mixing ratio. Through elemental analysis of the synthesized material, it was also confirmed that the composition is close to the mixing ratio used for actual synthesis. In the future, the basic physical properties of the alloys will be evaluated and applied to various application devices.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0003-6951 , 1077-3118
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: AIP Publishing
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 211245-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1469436-0
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