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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Local transport in Joint European Tokamak edge-localized, high-confinement mode plasmas with H, D, DT, and T isotopes
    AIP Publishing ; 2000
    In:  Physics of Plasmas Vol. 7, No. 12 ( 2000-12-01), p. 5038-5050
    Details
    In: Physics of Plasmas, AIP Publishing, Vol. 7, No. 12 ( 2000-12-01), p. 5038-5050
    Abstract: The edge-localized, high-confinement mode regime is of interest for future Tokamak reactors since high performance has been sustained for long durations. Experiments in the Joint European Tokamak [M. Keilhacker et al., Nuclear Fusion 39, 209 (1999)] have studied this regime using scans with the toroidal field and plasma current varied together in H, D, DT, and T isotopes. The local energy transport in more than fifty of these plasmas is analyzed, and empirical scaling relations are derived for energy transport coefficients during quasi-steady state conditions using dimensionless parameters. Neit her the Bohm nor gyro-Bohm expressions give the shapes of the profiles. The scalings with β and ν* are in qualitative agreement with Ion Temperature Gradient theory.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1070-664X , 1089-7674
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1063/1.1320466
    Language: English
    Publisher: AIP Publishing
    Publication Date: 2000
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1472746-8
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  • 2
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    Online Resource
    Transient magnetic gratings on the nanometer scale
    AIP Publishing ; 2020
    In:  Structural Dynamics Vol. 7, No. 5 ( 2020-09-01)
    Details
    In: Structural Dynamics, AIP Publishing, Vol. 7, No. 5 ( 2020-09-01)
    Abstract: Laser-driven non-local electron dynamics in ultrathin magnetic samples on a sub-10 nm length scale is a key process in ultrafast magnetism. However, the experimental access has been challenging due to the nanoscopic and femtosecond nature of such transport processes. Here, we present a scattering-based experiment relying on a laser-induced electro- and magneto-optical grating in a Co/Pd ferromagnetic multilayer as a new technique to investigate non-local magnetization dynamics on nanometer length and femtosecond timescales. We induce a spatially modulated excitation pattern using tailored Al near-field masks with varying periodicities on a nanometer length scale and measure the first four diffraction orders in an x-ray scattering experiment with magnetic circular dichroism contrast at the free-electron laser facility FERMI, Trieste. The design of the periodic excitation mask leads to a strongly enhanced and characteristic transient scattering response allowing for sub-wavelength in-plane sensitivity for magnetic structures. In conjunction with scattering simulations, the experiment allows us to infer that a potential ultrafast lateral expansion of the initially excited regions of the magnetic film mediated by hot-electron transport and spin transport remains confined to below three nanometers.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2329-7778
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1063/4.0000017
    Language: English
    Publisher: AIP Publishing
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2758684-4
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Positive gain measurements on the 3350-Å continuum band of Hg2
    AIP Publishing ; 1976
    In:  Applied Physics Letters Vol. 28, No. 7 ( 1976-04-01), p. 393-396
    Details
    In: Applied Physics Letters, AIP Publishing, Vol. 28, No. 7 ( 1976-04-01), p. 393-396
    Abstract: A He-Cd+ laser operating at 3250 Å and an Ar+ laser at 3511 Å and 3638 Å have been used to probe for gain on both sides of the Hg2 3350-Å (A31u→X1Σg+) continuum band in Hg vapor at a pressure of 3.75 atm that was pumped by a 1.5-MeV 600-J 20-nsec electron beam. This letter presents the first observation of positive gain on this 3350-Å band of Hg2. The results indicate that the stimulated emission cross section for this band is larger than any associated photoionization process in the Hg vapor and has a magnitude of approximately 10−18 cm2. Also, raising the temperature of the vapor above its saturation value increases the maximum value and duration of the observed gain, indicating that the population of the upper level of this transition is being fed by a temperature-dependent internal energy reservoir in the Hg.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0003-6951 , 1077-3118
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1063/1.88772
    RVK:
    UA 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: AIP Publishing
    Publication Date: 1976
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 211245-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1469436-0
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Field and Temperature Dependence of 153Eu Spin-Lattice Relaxation in Ferromagnetic EuO
    AIP Publishing ; 1969
    In:  Journal of Applied Physics Vol. 40, No. 3 ( 1969-03-01), p. 1404-1405
    Details
    In: Journal of Applied Physics, AIP Publishing, Vol. 40, No. 3 ( 1969-03-01), p. 1404-1405
    Abstract: Nuclear spin-lattice relaxation times, T1, of 153Eu have been measured in an irregularly shaped single crystal of EuO over the temperature range of 1.2∘≦T≦4.2∘K and magnetic field range of 0≦H0≦14 kOe for the crystal orientation H0⊥Hrf∥〈110〉 by use of the spin-echo technique. The relaxation process was found to satisfy T1 ∝ T−n, where n increases from approximately 2–3 as H0 increases from zero to 10 kOe. The T1 is essentially field independent up to H0≈2 kOe, Above this field there is a general increase in T1 but with an intermediate peak value at H0≈6 kOe. The analysis of these data is complicated by the irregular shape of the sample and the high saturation magnetization, 4πM0=24 kOe, for EuO. Within these limitations these results have been compared with the theory developed by Honma for EuS.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-8979 , 1089-7550
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1063/1.1657690
    Language: English
    Publisher: AIP Publishing
    Publication Date: 1969
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 220641-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3112-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1476463-5
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Theory of millimeter wave nonlinearities in semiconductor superlattices
    AIP Publishing ; 1990
    In:  Applied Physics Letters Vol. 56, No. 8 ( 1990-02-19), p. 773-775
    Details
    In: Applied Physics Letters, AIP Publishing, Vol. 56, No. 8 ( 1990-02-19), p. 773-775
    Abstract: A study of the impact of semiconductor superlattices on millimeter wave nonlinearities is reported. χ(3) as large as 10−2 esu can be achieved by using 250 GHz radiation. Self-induced transparency is also predicted, and its competition with the third-harmonic generation process is quantified.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0003-6951 , 1077-3118
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1063/1.102709
    RVK:
    UA 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: AIP Publishing
    Publication Date: 1990
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 211245-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1469436-0
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Generation of picosecond pulses at millimeter wavelengths
    AIP Publishing ; 1995
    In:  Applied Physics Letters Vol. 67, No. 10 ( 1995-09-04), p. 1483-1485
    Details
    In: Applied Physics Letters, AIP Publishing, Vol. 67, No. 10 ( 1995-09-04), p. 1483-1485
    Abstract: We report here on an experiment in which picosecond electron pulses, produced by a compact radiation frequency (rf) electron gun, were used to excite a rectangular waveguide, generating 5 ps pulses of radiation with a bandwidth of ∼200 GHz. The interaction of the electron pulses with the waveguide can be modeled quite simply by performing a harmonic expansion of the pulse train produced by the electron gun and employing Poynting’s theorem to compute the power coupled into the modes of the waveguide by each harmonic. The resulting model for the distribution of spectral power yields good agreement with the observed spectrum.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0003-6951 , 1077-3118
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1063/1.114502
    RVK:
    UA 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: AIP Publishing
    Publication Date: 1995
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 211245-0
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    Direct observation of orientation limit in a fast photorefractive polymer composite
    AIP Publishing ; 1999
    In:  Applied Physics Letters Vol. 74, No. 16 ( 1999-04-19), p. 2253-2255
    Details
    In: Applied Physics Letters, AIP Publishing, Vol. 74, No. 16 ( 1999-04-19), p. 2253-2255
    Abstract: We report on a photorefractive polymer with a 4-ms-response time in transient four-wave mixing experiments at 0.5 W/cm2 writing irradiance, 95 V/μm applied electric field, and a grating period of 3.1 μm. Complementary transient ellipsometry, however, reveals orientational birefringence response which leads the four-wave mixing response all the way to its saturation, despite complex dynamics in these processes. Orientation does not limit the dynamic formation of photorefractive gratings in this polymer, which suggests that even faster photorefractive responses are possible for polymer composites with improved charge generation and transport properties.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0003-6951 , 1077-3118
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1063/1.123816
    RVK:
    UA 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: AIP Publishing
    Publication Date: 1999
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 211245-0
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  • 8
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    Laser ablation characteristics of yttria-doped zirconia in the nanosecond and femtosecond regimes
    AIP Publishing ; 2010
    In:  Journal of Applied Physics Vol. 107, No. 1 ( 2010-01-01)
    Details
    In: Journal of Applied Physics, AIP Publishing, Vol. 107, No. 1 ( 2010-01-01)
    Abstract: The laser ablation characteristics of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) have been investigated as a function of the target microstructure and dopant level for different nanosecond- [ArF, KrF, and XeCl excimers; Nd:YAG (yttrium aluminum garnet) (fourth harmonic)] and femtosecond-laser sources [Ti:sapphire (fundamental and third harmonic)] . Particle ejection, which compromises the quality of coatings prepared by pulsed laser deposition (PLD), was analyzed in detail. Nanosecond-laser pulses cause a severe thermomechanical surface cracking and exfoliation of micron-sized fragments on a microsecond to millisecond time scale in the case of 8–9.5 mol % Y2O3-doped, fully stabilized zirconia (8YSZ and 9.5YSZ) targets. As a consequence of the intrinsic material brittleness, fully stabilized YSZ coatings deposited by PLD contained particles for all tested conditions. Lower doped partially stabilized zirconia (3YSZ) exhibits a superior fracture toughness attributed to a laser-induced partial transition to the monoclinic phase, detected by Raman spectroscopy, which enables the deposition of particle-free dense thin films by conventional PLD using nanosecond-UV laser radiation at moderate fluences of 1.2–1.5 J/cm2. The ablation dynamics of ultrashort laser pulses differ fundamentally from the nanosecond regime as evidenced, e.g., by time-resolved shadowgraphy and light scattering experiments. Femtosecond pulses prevent the exfoliation of micron-sized fragments but result invariably in a pronounced ejection of submicron particles. The resulting PLD coatings are porous and reveal a large surface roughness as they consist of an agglomeration of nanoparticles. Femtosecond-NIR pulses provide a factor of 2.5–10 higher material removal rates compared to nanosecond- and femtosecond-UV pulses. The ablation metrics, i.e., threshold fluence and effective absorptivity, mainly depend on the laser wavelength while the pulse duration, target microstructure, and dopant level are of minor importance. Evidence is presented that incubation effects play a significant role in nanosecond- and femtosecond-laser ablations of YSZ enabling material removal at comparatively low fluences for sub-bandgap photon energies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-8979 , 1089-7550
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1063/1.3275868
    Language: English
    Publisher: AIP Publishing
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 220641-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3112-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1476463-5
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    NMR Observation of Domain Structure in Antiferromagnetic MnO
    AIP Publishing ; 1970
    In:  Journal of Applied Physics Vol. 41, No. 3 ( 1970-03-01), p. 1113-1113
    Details
    In: Journal of Applied Physics, AIP Publishing, Vol. 41, No. 3 ( 1970-03-01), p. 1113-1113
    Abstract: The frequency pulled 55Mn nuclear resonance1 in MnO at 4.2°K was observed as a function of the angle of rotation of the applied field H0 about a [111] direction. The resonance spectrum was found to consist of one branch, independent of the position of H0, and three other branches which coincide in frequency with the angle independent branch at 60° periods and move to lower frequencies at other positions of H0. These branches correspond to resonance in antiferromagnetic T-domains ordered along the four equivalent [111] directions. The components of H0 perpendicular to each of the [111] directions were calculated as a function of magnet angle. The pulled resonance frequencies corresponding to these components of H0 agree well with the observed dependence of the four branch frequencies on the angle of rotation of H0. This dependence of the resonance frequency on the components of H0 in the {111} planes provides additional evidence that the pulled nuclear resonance mode is associated with the weak {111} plane anisotropy.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-8979 , 1089-7550
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1063/1.1658838
    Language: English
    Publisher: AIP Publishing
    Publication Date: 1970
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 220641-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3112-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1476463-5
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Minority-carrier kinetics in heavily doped GaAs:C studied by transient photoluminescence
    AIP Publishing ; 2002
    In:  Journal of Applied Physics Vol. 91, No. 8 ( 2002-04-15), p. 5072-5078
    Details
    In: Journal of Applied Physics, AIP Publishing, Vol. 91, No. 8 ( 2002-04-15), p. 5072-5078
    Abstract: Room-temperature photoluminescence decay time measurements in heavily doped GaAs:C-layers designed as base layers for heterojunction bipolar transistors are reported. These measurements provide access to nonequilibrium minority carrier lifetimes that determine the current gains of those devices. By systematically studying transient luminescence spectra over a wide range of excitation densities between 1013 and 1018 cm−3, we demonstrate the importance of carrier trapping processes at low excitation densities. Optimized excitation conditions that achieve trap saturation but also avoid stimulated emission are found for densities of (1–3)×1017 cm−3/pulse. Detection is limited to a spectral window well above the energy gap (beyond 1.5 eV). Values for both Auger and radiative recombination coefficients are given.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-8979 , 1089-7550
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1063/1.1456244
    Language: English
    Publisher: AIP Publishing
    Publication Date: 2002
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 220641-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3112-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1476463-5
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