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  • AIP Publishing  (37)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Investigation of p-type depletion doping for InGaN/GaN-based light-emitting diodes
    AIP Publishing ; 2017
    In:  Applied Physics Letters Vol. 110, No. 3 ( 2017-01-16)
    Details
    In: Applied Physics Letters, AIP Publishing, Vol. 110, No. 3 ( 2017-01-16)
    Abstract: Due to the limitation of the hole injection, p-type doping is essential to improve the performance of InGaN/GaN multiple quantum well light-emitting diodes (LEDs). In this work, we propose and show a depletion-region Mg-doping method. Here we systematically analyze the effectiveness of different Mg-doping profiles ranging from the electron blocking layer to the active region. Numerical computations show that the Mg-doping decreases the valence band barrier for holes and thus enhances the hole transportation. The proposed depletion-region Mg-doping approach also increases the barrier height for electrons, which leads to a reduced electron overflow, while increasing the hole concentration in the p-GaN layer. Experimentally measured external quantum efficiency indicates that Mg-doping position is vitally important. The doping in or adjacent to the quantum well degrades the LED performance due to Mg diffusion, increasing the corresponding nonradiative recombination, which is well supported by the measured carrier lifetimes. The experimental results are well numerically reproduced by modifying the nonradiative recombination lifetimes, which further validate the effectiveness of our approach.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0003-6951 , 1077-3118
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1063/1.4973743
    RVK:
    UA 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: AIP Publishing
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 211245-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1469436-0
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Pulsating modes of a Taylor cone under an unsteady electric field
    AIP Publishing ; 2022
    In:  Physics of Fluids Vol. 34, No. 1 ( 2022-01-01)
    Details
    In: Physics of Fluids, AIP Publishing, Vol. 34, No. 1 ( 2022-01-01)
    Abstract: Micro-thrusters based on the mechanism of electro-atomization are widely used in space engines and play an important role in spacecraft power supply and attitude adjustment. However, current research on the dynamic characteristics of electro-atomization is focused on a steady electric field, and the effect of an alternating electric field is helpful in order to realize the attitude adjustment of the micro-thruster pulse working mode and the self-neutralization of a plume by alternating polarity. For this reason, this work focuses on experimental investigation; the oscillation behavior of a Taylor cone under an alternating electric field excitation has also been systematically examined. Using a high-speed camera, the pulsating modes of a Taylor cone under the disturbance of a continuous sinusoidal waveform and a single pulse waveform were recorded, and the responses of different oscillation modes and geometric characteristics to different disturbance parameters analyzed and discussed. This research has shown that the oscillation of a Taylor cone under a continuous sinusoidal waveform disturbance can be divided into six different modes; the dynamic characteristics of each mode are discussed, and each mode has been assigned its own unique matching relationship for different disturbance parameters. The three-dimensional distribution phase diagrams of the six modes were drawn after the relevant parameters were made dimensionless. Under the disturbance of a single pulse waveform, the geometric oscillation of the Taylor cone displayed a specific law: the oscillation period of the diameter and cone angle was consistent and showed a strong correlation with the charge relaxation time of the liquid.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1070-6631 , 1089-7666
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1063/5.0075250
    Language: English
    Publisher: AIP Publishing
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1472743-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 241528-8
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ferroelectric, elastic, piezoelectric, and dielectric properties of Ba(Ti0.7Zr0.3)O3- x (Ba0.82Ca0.18)TiO3 Pb-free ceramics
    AIP Publishing ; 2017
    In:  Journal of Applied Physics Vol. 122, No. 4 ( 2017-07-28)
    Details
    In: Journal of Applied Physics, AIP Publishing, Vol. 122, No. 4 ( 2017-07-28)
    Abstract: We designed and synthesized a pseudo-binary Pb-free system, Ba(Ti0.7Zr0.3)O3-x(Ba0.82Ca0.18)TiO3, by combining a rhombohedral end (with only cubic to rhombohedral ferroelectric phase transition) and a tetragonal end (with only cubic to tetragonal ferroelectric phase transition). The established composition-temperature phase diagram is characterized by a tricritical point type morphotropic phase boundary (MPB), and the MPB composition has better ferroelectric, piezoelectric, and dielectric properties than the compositions deviating from MPB. Moreover, a full set of material constants (including elastic stiffness constants, elastic compliance constants, piezoelectric constants, dielectric constants, and electromechanical coupling factors) of the MPB composition are determined using a resonance method. The good piezoelectric performance of the MPB composition can be ascribed to the high dielectric constants, elastic softening, and large electromechanical coupling factor.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-8979 , 1089-7550
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1063/1.4996353
    Language: English
    Publisher: AIP Publishing
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 220641-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3112-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1476463-5
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Correlating Photovoltaic Performance of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell to the Film Thickness of Titania via Numerical Drift-Diffusion Simulations
    AIP Publishing ; 2016
    In:  Chinese Journal of Chemical Physics Vol. 29, No. 6 ( 2016-12-27), p. 735-741
    Details
    In: Chinese Journal of Chemical Physics, AIP Publishing, Vol. 29, No. 6 ( 2016-12-27), p. 735-741
    Abstract: The thickness of TiO2 film is vital to realize the optimization on photovoltaic performance of dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Herein, the process of charge separation in DSSCs was simulated by using a drift-diffusion model. This model allows multiple-trapping diffusion of photo-generated electrons, as well as the back reaction with the electron acceptors in electrolyte, to be mimicked in both steady and non-steady states. Numerical results on current-voltage characteristics allow power conversion efficiency to be maximized by varying the thickness of TiO2 film. Charge collection efficiency is shown to decrease with film thickness, whereas the flux of electron injection benefits from the film thickening. The output of photocurrent is actually impacted by the two factors. Furthermore, recombination rate constant is found to affect the optimized film thickness remarkably. Thicker TiO2 film is suitable to the DSSCs in which back reaction is suppressed sufficiently. On the contrary, the DSSCs with the redox couple showing fast electron interception require thinner film to alleviate the charge loss via recombination. At open circuit, electron density is found to decrease with film thickness, which engenders not only the reduction of photovoltage but also the increase of electron lifetime.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1674-0068 , 2327-2244
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/29/cjcp1604090
    Language: English
    Publisher: AIP Publishing
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2381472-X
    SSG: 6,25
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A method to numerically determine the secondary electron yield considering effects of the surface morphology
    AIP Publishing ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Applied Physics Vol. 130, No. 6 ( 2021-08-14)
    Details
    In: Journal of Applied Physics, AIP Publishing, Vol. 130, No. 6 ( 2021-08-14)
    Abstract: Secondary electron emission (SEE) of solid materials due to electron bombardment is influenced by numerous properties of materials, where the surface condition plays a critical role in the value of secondary electron yield (SEY). Here, a 3D random microstructure surface model is established to simulate realistic surface morphology and study its effects on SEY by implementing a path tracing algorithm and finite element method. It is found that electron collision frequency on surfaces is strongly affected by local surface geometry parameters, namely the vertical height and the distance between similar features along the horizontal direction of random microstructure surfaces. Manipulating the interaction angle and the inter-barrier collision frequency could quantitively suppress or intensify SEE, allowing for functional design of solid material surfaces under various contexts. In addition, empirical roughness parameters (Ra, Rz) lack certain microscopic information. A method is proposed to estimate secondary electron yield numerically for a given material surface geometry. It provides copious utilities in practical SEE-related applications.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-8979 , 1089-7550
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1063/5.0055542
    Language: English
    Publisher: AIP Publishing
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 220641-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3112-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1476463-5
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Acoustic emission study on avalanche dynamics of ferroelectric switching in lead zirconate titanate ceramics
    AIP Publishing ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Applied Physics Vol. 132, No. 22 ( 2022-12-14)
    Details
    In: Journal of Applied Physics, AIP Publishing, Vol. 132, No. 22 ( 2022-12-14)
    Abstract: The avalanche dynamics of ferroelectric switching in lead zirconate titanate ceramics was investigated using acoustic emission. Two distinct power-law regimes for ferroelectric switching events were identified by an anomaly in the histogram of probability density, in contrast to the single power-law behavior observed in BaTiO3 single crystals. Such an anomaly is ascribed to the different minimum cut-offs of two power-law distributions. The critical energy exponents were determined to be 1.25 ± 0.10 for energies & lt;103 aJ and 1.51 ± 0.14 for energies & gt;103 aJ. The events in both regimes can be attributed to the depinning of domain walls from two distinct types of defects. The events in the lower energy regime are associated with domain wall junctions due to long-range electric and elastic interactions, whereas the latter is related to extrinsic defects, such as vacancies and dislocations. Moreover, for both regions, the rate of aftershocks follows the Omori power-law, indicating the same critical temporal correlations between the avalanches.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-8979 , 1089-7550
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1063/5.0126308
    Language: English
    Publisher: AIP Publishing
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 220641-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3112-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1476463-5
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Numerical studies of the effects of precursor plasma on the performance of wire-array Z-pinches
    AIP Publishing ; 2010
    In:  Physics of Plasmas Vol. 17, No. 6 ( 2010-06-01)
    Details
    In: Physics of Plasmas, AIP Publishing, Vol. 17, No. 6 ( 2010-06-01)
    Abstract: This paper is to numerically investigate, in one dimension, the effects of precursor plasma resulted from wire-array ablation on the performance of its following implosion after the ablation. The wire-array ablation is described by an analytic model, which consists of a rocket model or Sasorov’s expression of wire-array mass ablation rate, the evolution equation of magnetic field, and several roughly reasonable assumptions. The following implosion is governed by the radiation magnetohydrodynamics. The implosion processes of wire-array Z-pinch from plasma shells prefilled and un-prefilled by the low-density plasma inside them are studied, and that from the wire-array ablations, which may be changed through varying the ablation time, ablation rate, and ablation velocity Vabl, are also simulated. The obtained results reveal that the prefilled low-density plasma and the precursor plasma from the wire-array ablation help to enhance the plasma shell pinch and the final implosion of the wire array, respectively, compared to the pinch of un-prefilled plasma shell. With the same plasma masses, which are distributed in the interior of the array and the shell, and modified Spitzer resistivity, the implosions that start from the wire ablation develop faster than that from the plasma shell with the prefill. If more substance ablates from the wire array before the start of its implosion, the final Z-pinch performance could be better. The Z-pinch plasma is highly magnetized with driven current more than 3 MA.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1070-664X , 1089-7674
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1063/1.3430633
    Language: English
    Publisher: AIP Publishing
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1472746-8
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Increasing the K-shell yield of line radiation in Z-pinch implosions using alloyed Al/Mg wire-arrays
    AIP Publishing ; 2013
    In:  Physics of Plasmas Vol. 20, No. 1 ( 2013-01-01)
    Details
    In: Physics of Plasmas, AIP Publishing, Vol. 20, No. 1 ( 2013-01-01)
    Abstract: The variation of the K-shell yield of pure aluminum wire-array Z-pinch implosions with load parameters is discussed. The mechanism and the efficiency of increasing the K-shell yield using alloyed Al/Mg wire-arrays are numerically investigated. It has been shown that the maximum K-shell yield from a pure aluminum wire-array Z-pinch implosion can be obtained at an optimal load mass for a given generator and at a fixed initial wire-array radius. This optimal load mass is determined by the load energy coupling with the generator, the capability of Z-pinch plasmas to emit the K-shell radiation, and the self absorption of K-shell lines. For different generators, the optimal load mass increases as the drive current increases, and the line absorption limits the further increase of K-shell radiation. The coupled energy per ion is likely decreasing with increased mass, so the plasma might not be able to ionize into the K-shell. Also, the ability of the plasma to radiatively cool can increase with mass, thus, making it difficult for the plasma to ionize into and remain in the K-shell during the stagnation phase of the implosion. Alloyed Al/Mg wire-arrays were thus suggested to be used to decrease the opacity of K-shell lines and to increase the overall K-shell yield. In this paper, we show that using alloyed Al/Mg wire-arrays will decrease the opacity and increase the K-shell yield remarkably if the plasma is optically thick. We will also show that the efficiency of increasing the K-shell yield with alloyed Al/Mg wire-arrays cannot increase indefinitely. The ratio of K-shell yield from an alloyed Al/Mg wire-array to that from a pure aluminum wire-array reaches a limit. For example, we show that when the mass share of magnesium is 10% then this limit is 1.2, and for a 50% mass share, the limit is 1.3.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1070-664X , 1089-7674
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1063/1.4789458
    Language: English
    Publisher: AIP Publishing
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1472746-8
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Computational investigation of the magneto-Rayleigh–Taylor instability in Z-pinch implosions
    AIP Publishing ; 2010
    In:  Physics of Plasmas Vol. 17, No. 4 ( 2010-04-01)
    Details
    In: Physics of Plasmas, AIP Publishing, Vol. 17, No. 4 ( 2010-04-01)
    Abstract: The instability evolvement induced by single mode and random density seeds have been investigated by using the Magnetics Atom Radiation Electron Dynamics (MARED) code, which is a two dimensional, three temperature, radiation magnetohydrodynamic Lagrangian code developed for the Z-pinch implosion simulation. The instability development during each stage (linear, weak nonlinear, and nonlinear) and its corresponding characteristics are studied with single-mode seeds. The evolvement of the dominant mode and its final wavelength are revealed through the development of seeds composed of modes covering the “whole” spectrum or just a “band-type” range of it. In addition, the relationship between the initial perturbation amplitude and the final x-ray output are also discussed. Through these discussions, the MARED code is found able to reproduce the primary dynamic characteristics of the Z-pinch implosions and the development of the instability qualitatively agrees with the theoretical analyses and experimental observations, which shows us a modest expectation of the broad coverage of the future application.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1070-664X , 1089-7674
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1063/1.3381072
    Language: English
    Publisher: AIP Publishing
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1472746-8
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Multilevel switching in Mg-doped HfOx memristor through the mutual-ion effect
    AIP Publishing ; 2021
    In:  Applied Physics Letters Vol. 119, No. 15 ( 2021-10-11)
    Details
    In: Applied Physics Letters, AIP Publishing, Vol. 119, No. 15 ( 2021-10-11)
    Abstract: HfOx memristor is one of the most promising candidates for nonvolatile memory and neuromorphic computing applications, but for the latter, its gradual conduction modulation and switching linearity still need improvement. In this work, uniform and multilevel resistance switching (RS) of HfOx memristors have been achieved through Mg doping, which is a distinct dopant other than previously used elements like Al and Gd. Moreover, the Mg-doped HfOx memristor exhibits excellent continuous conductance modulation characteristics under pulse voltage. First-principles calculations and conductive mechanism analysis show that Mg can migrate into the conductive filaments (CFs) by adjusting oxygen vacancy migration and defect states in the CFs, resulting in the improved RS performance of HfOx memristors. The reason why Mg doping rather than Ca doping could yield improved RS performances is clarified. Our work shows the unique functionality of Mg dopants in HfOx and provides a feasible way to improve RS performance of transition metal oxide memristors and its guiding principles.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0003-6951 , 1077-3118
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1063/5.0065840
    RVK:
    UA 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: AIP Publishing
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 211245-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1469436-0
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