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  • Springer  (4)
  • AGU (American Geophysical Union)  (1)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (1)
  • Les Ulis :EDP Sciences,  (1)
Publikationsart
Schlagwörter
Verlag/Herausgeber
Sprache
Erscheinungszeitraum
  • 1
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Le Climat : la Terre et les Hommes. (2015)
    Les Ulis :EDP Sciences,
    Details
    Schlagwort(e): Electronic books.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: No detailed description available for "Le climat : la Terre et les Hommes".
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    Seiten: 1 online resource (241 pages)
    Ausgabe: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9782759817597
    Serie: Une Introduction à ... Series
    URL: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/geomar/detail.action?docID=3155475
    Sprache: Französisch
    Anmerkung: Intro -- Table des matières -- Préface -- Avant-propos -- Introduction -- 1. Le système climatique : l'atmosphère et l'océan -- 1.1 La Terre, planète chauffée par le Soleil -- 1.2 L'atmosphère -- 1.3 L'océan -- 1.4 Échanges atmosphère océan -- 1.5 Conclusion -- 2. Les acteurs du climat et leurs interactions -- 2.1 Le cycle de l'eau -- 2.2 Le cycle du carbone -- 2.3 L'effet de serre -- 2.4 Les nuages -- 2.5 Les aérosols -- 2.6 Rôle de l'océan dans la machine climatique -- 2.7 Interactions cryosphère-climat -- 2.8 Interactions biosphère continentale - climat -- 2.9 Interactions du climat avec les continents et la lithosphère -- 2.10 Les échanges de matière et les temps caractéristiques des processus climatiques -- 2.11 Forçages, rétroactions et sensibilité climatique -- 2.12 Conclusion -- 3. Diversité des climats et variabilité à grande échelle -- 3.1 La diversité des climats -- 3.2 Les modes de variabilité : oscillationso céan-atmosphère -- 3.3 Conclusion -- 4. La modélisation du climat -- 4.1 Une évolution rapide des modèles de climat -- 4.2 Les fondements des modèles de climat -- 4.3 L'ajustement des modèles -- 4.4 Les modèles de complexité intermédiaire -- 4.5 Les modèles régionaux -- 4.6 Conclusion -- 5. Le réchauffement -- 5.1 Les températures mesurées depuis 1880 -- 5.2 Des témoins du réchauffement dans l'environnement -- 5.3 Qu'est-ce qui peut faire changer le climat ? -- 5.4 Conclusion -- 6. Les perturbations du climat, facteurs anthropiques et naturels -- 6.1 Le dioxyde de carbone CO2 -- 6.2 Autres gaz à effet de serre -- 6.3 La part des divers gaz à l'effet de serre additionnel -- 6.4 Le changement d'usage des sols -- 6.5 Les autres causes possibles de perturbation du climat -- 6.6 Effet combiné des différentes perturbations -- 6.7 Détection et attribution des perturbations anthropiques sur le climat récent -- 6.8 Conclusion. , 7. Variations passées du climat -- 7.1 Forçages et rétroactions -- 7.2 Archives et proxies -- 7.3 Les derniers 60 millions d'années : de la Terre « serre » à la Terre « glaciaire » -- 7.4 Instabilités abruptes -- 7.5 Le dernier millénaire -- 7.6 Changements climatiques en cours et futurs dans la perspective de l'évolution passée du climat -- 7.7 Conclusion -- 8. Quel climat demain ? -- 8.1 Tester un ensemble de possibles : les trajectoires radiatives représentatives -- 8.2 Les projections climatiques -- 8.3 Couplage entre le climat et le cycle du carbone -- 8.4 Incertitudes sur l'amplitude du réchauffement simulé -- 8.5 Incertitudes et horizon temporel -- 8.6 Cycle hydrologique et extrêmes de précipitation -- 8.7 La fonte de la calotte glaciaire et la circulation thermohaline de l'océan -- 8.8 Traduction environnementale, études de vulnérabilité et d'impacts -- 8.9 Conclusion -- 9. Conclusion -- Index -- Des livres récents sur le climat -- Des sites internetqui parlent du climat.
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Sensitivity of simulated Asian and African summer monsoons to orbitally induced variations in insolation 126, 115 and 6 kBP (1996)
    Springer
    Climate dynamics 12 (1996), S. 589-603 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0894
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract We have conducted four numerical experiments with an atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) to investigate the sensitivity of Asian and African monsoons to small changes (−5 to +12%), with respect to present-day, in incoming solar radiation at the top of the atmosphere. We show that, during the mid-Holocene (6 kBP where kBP means thousands of years before present-day) and the last interglacial (126 kBP), the Northern Hemisphere seasonal contrast was increased, with warmer summers and colder winters. At the time of glacial inception (115 kBP) however, summers were cooler and winters milder. As a consequence, Asia and tropical North Africa experienced stronger (weaker) summer monsoons 6 and 126 kBP (115 kBP), in agreement with previous numerical studies. This present study shows that summer warming/cooling of Eurasia and North Africa induced a shift of the main low-level convergence cell along a northwest/southeast transect. When land was warmer (during the summer months 6 and 126 kBP), the monsoon winds converged further inland bringing more moisture into northern India, western China and the southern Sahara. The southern tips of India, Indochina and southeastern China, as well as equatorial North Africa became drier. When land was cooler (during the summer 115 kBP), the main convergence zone was located over the west Pacific and the wet (dry) areas were those that were dry (wet) 6 and 126 kBP. The location and intensity of the simulated precipitation maxima were therefore very sensitive to changes in insolation. However the total amount of monsoon rain in Asia as well as in Africa remained remarkably stable through the time periods studied. These simulated migrations of convective activities were accompanied by changes in the nature of precipitation events: increased monsoon rains in these experiments were always associated with more high precipitation events (〉 5 mm day −1), and fewer light showers (≤1 mm day−). Rainy days with rates between 1 and 5 mm day−1 were almost unchanged.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216268
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    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Sensitivity of simulated Asian and African summer monsoons to orbitally induced variations in insolation 126, 115 and 6 kBP (1996)
    Springer
    Climate dynamics 12 (1996), S. 589-603 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0894
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract. We have conducted four numerical experiments with an atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) to investigate the sensitivity of Asian and African monsoons to small changes (–5 to +12%), with respect to present-day, in incoming solar radiation at the top of the atmosphere. We show that, during the mid-Holocene (6 kBP where kBP means thousands of years before present-day) and the last interglacial (126 kBP), the Northern Hemisphere seasonal contrast was increased, with warmer summers and colder winters. At the time of glacial inception (115 kBP) however, summers were cooler and winters milder. As a consequence, Asia and tropical North Africa experienced stronger (weaker) summer monsoons 6 and 126 kBP (115 kBP), in agreement with previous numerical studies. This present study shows that summer warming/cooling of Eurasia and North Africa induced a shift of the main low-level convergence cell along a northwest/southeast transect. When land was warmer (during the summer months 6 and 126 kBP), the monsoon winds converged further inland bringing more moisture into northern India, western China and the southern Sahara. The southern tips of India, Indochina and southeastern China, as well as equatorial North Africa became drier. When land was cooler (during the summer 115 kBP), the main convergence zone was located over the west Pacific and the wet (dry) areas were those that were dry (wet) 6 and 126 kBP. The location and intensity of the simulated precipitation maxima were therefore very sensitive to changes in insolation. However the total amount of monsoon rain in Asia as well as in Africa remained remarkably stable through the time periods studied. These simulated migrations of convective activities were accompanied by changes in the nature of precipitation events: increased monsoon rains in these experiments were always associated with more high precipitation events (〉5 mm day–1), and fewer light showers (≤1 mm day–1). Rainy days with rates between 1 and 5 mm day–1 were almost unchanged.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216268
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    On the ability of the LODYC GCM to simulate the thermocline depth in the equatorial Atlantic (1994)
    Springer
    Climate dynamics 9 (1994), S. 221-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0894
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Using a multivariate model testing procedure that distinguishes between model inadequacies and data uncertainties, we investigate the ability of the LODYC GCM to simulate the evolution of the 20°C isotherm depth during the 1982–1984 FOCAL/SEQUAL experiment in the equatorial Atlantic. Two different versions of the model are considered: the “Ri” version which has a Richardson number dependent parameterization of vertical mixing and the new “TKE” version which uses a local estimation of the turbulent kinetic energy to parameterize vertical mixing. Some effects of the forcing uncertainties are considered by forcing the TKE version with three equally plausible wind stress fields whose differences are consistent with the measurement and sampling errors, and the drag coefficient indeterminacy. The resulting uncertainties in the model response are substantial and can be as large as the differences between simulations with the two GCM versions, which stresses the need to take the forcing uncertainties into account. Although only one Ri run is available, it is shown that the “TKE” parameterization significantly improves the representation of the equatorial upwelling and the simulation of the depth of the thermocline in the eastern Atlantic. However, there remain significant differences with the observations which cannot be explained by the forcing uncertainties that were considered. The two model versions perform better in the equatorial wave guide than in the 12°N-12°S domain, and they are better distinguished over large domains than along sections, which shows that a global multivariate view point must be used in model-reality comparisons. Finally, a comparison with a linear multimode model emphasizes the need for greater model complexity to properly simulate the equatorial upwelling and the thermocline variability in the tropical Atlantic.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00208254
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    On the ability of the LODYC GCM to simulate the thermocline depth in the equatorial Atlantic (1994)
    Springer
    Climate dynamics 9 (1994), S. 221-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0894
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract. Using a multivariate model testing procedure that distinguishes between model inadequacies and data uncertainties, we investigate the ability of the LODYC GCM to simulate the evolution of the 20° C isotherm depth during the 1982–1984 FOCAL/SEQUAL experiment in the equatorial Atlantic. Two different versions of the model are considered: the “Ri” version which has a Richardson number dependent parameterization of vertical mixing and the new “TKE” version which uses a local estimation of the turbulent kinetic energy to parameterize vertical mixing. Some effects of the forcing uncertainties are considered by forcing the TKE version with three equally plausible wind stress fields whose differences are consistent with the measurement and sampling errors, and the drag coefficient indeterminacy. The resulting uncertainties in the model response are substantial and can be as large as the differences between simulations with the two GCM versions, which stresses the need to take the forcing uncertainties into account. Although only one Ri run is available, it is shown that the “TKE” parameterization significantly improves the representation of the equatorial upwelling and the simulation of the depth of the thermocline in the eastern Atlantic. However, there remain significant differences with the observations which cannot be explained by the forcing uncertainties that were considered. The two model versions perform better in the equatorial wave guide than in the 12° N–12° S domain, and they are better distinguished over large domains than along sections, which shows that a global multivariate view point must be used in model-reality comparisons. Finally, a comparison with a linear multimode model emphasizes the need for greater model complexity to properly simulate the equatorial upwelling and the thermocline variability in the tropical Atlantic.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003820050021
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  • 6
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Agreement between reconstructed and modeled boreal precipitation of the Last Interglacial (2019)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  Science Advances, 5 (11). Art.Nr. eaax7047.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-01-08
    Beschreibung: The last extended time period when climate may have been warmer than today was during the Last Interglacial (LIG; ca. 129 to 120 thousand years ago). However, a global view of LIG precipitation is lacking. Here, seven new LIG climate models are compared to the first global database of proxies for LIG precipitation. In this way, models are assessed in their ability to capture important hydroclimatic processes during a different climate. The models can reproduce the proxy-based positive precipitation anomalies from the preindustrial period over much of the boreal continents. Over the Southern Hemisphere, proxy-model agreement is partial. In models, LIG boreal monsoons have 42% wider area than in the preindustrial and produce 55% more precipitation and 50% more extreme precipitation. Austral monsoons are weaker. The mechanisms behind these changes are consistent with stronger summer radiative forcing over boreal high latitudes and with the associated higher temperatures during the LIG.
    Materialart: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax7047
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  • 7
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    No Consistent Simulated Trends in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation for the Past 6,000 Years (2023)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-02-07
    Beschreibung: The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is a key feature of the North Atlantic with global ocean impacts. The AMOC's response to past changes in forcings during the Holocene provides important context for the coming centuries. Here, we investigate AMOC trends using an emerging set of transient simulations using multiple global climate models for the past 6,000 years. Although some models show changes, no consistent trend in overall AMOC strength during the mid-to-late Holocene emerges from the ensemble. We interpret this result to suggest no overall change in AMOC, which fits with our assessment of available proxy reconstructions. The decadal variability of the AMOC does not change in ensemble during the mid- and late-Holocene. There are interesting AMOC changes seen in the early Holocene, but their nature depends a lot on which inputs are used to drive the experiment.
    Materialart: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
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