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  • AGU (American Geophysical Union)  (7)
  • Wissenschaftliche Auswertungen  (3)
  • Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung  (2)
  • 1
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    Central Arctic surface ocean environment during the past 80,000 years (1998)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union)
    In:  Paleoceanography, 13 (2). pp. 193-204.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-05-10
    Description: Stable oxygen and-carbon isotope and sedimentological-paleontological investigations supported by accelerator mass spectrometry (14)C datings were carried out on cores from north of 85 degrees N in the eastern central Arctic Ocean. Significant changes in accumulation rates, provenance of ice-rafted debris (IRD), and planktic productivity over the past 80,000 years are documented. During peak glacials, i.e., oxygen isotope stages 4 and 2, the Arctic Ocean was covered by sea ice with decreased seasonal variation, limiting planktic productivity and bulk sedimentation rates. In early stage 3 and during Termination I, major deglaciations of the circum-Arctic regions caused lowered salinities and poor oxygenation of central Arctic surface waters. A meltwater spike and an associated IRD peak dated to similar to 14-12 (14)C ka can be traced over the southern Eurasian Basin of the Arctic Ocean. This event was associated with the early and rapid deglaciation of the marine-based Barents Sea Ice Sheet. A separate Termination Ib meltwater event is most conspicuous in the central Arctic and is associated with characteristic dolomitic carbonate IRD. This lithology suggests an origin of glacial ice from northern Canada and northern Greenland where lower Paleozoic platform carbonates crop extensively out.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1029/97PA03409
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 2
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    Surface and deep water changes in the subpolar North Atlantic during Termination II and the Last Interglaciation (2010)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union)
    In:  Paleoceanography, 15 (1). pp. 76-84.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: To reconstruct the history of water mass exchange between the NE Atlantic and the Nordic seas, sediment cores from ∼2 km water depth were studied across Termination II (TII) and through the last interglaciation (MIS5e). During early TII the sudden appearance of the low-latitude planktonic foraminifera Beella megastoma is noted in both regions along with a steep decrease in benthic foraminiferal δ18O. Since other proxies indicate that surface waters were cold and stratified because of meltwater, conditions which prevented near-surface thermohaline circulation and vertical convection in the Nordic seas, water mass exchange between the two areas occurred at the subsurface. During later TII, surface conditions changed, and this subsurface circulation style was eventually replaced by vertical convection. In the Nordic seas, B. megastoma vanished from the record together with ice-rafted debris (IRD) at the end of TII, while subpolar foraminiferal abundance rose. Peak interglacial conditions with intensive vertical convection now fully developed, generating a bottom water temperature gradient of ∼4°C between the two areas. However, surface water temperatures deteriorated in the Nordic seas already notably before IRD recurred, and δ18O increased at the end of MIS5e.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1029/1998PA000343
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 3
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    Sea-surface temperatures of the southwest Pacific Ocean during the Last Glacial Maximum (2000)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union)
    In:  Paleoceanography, 15 (1). pp. 95-109.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-01-18
    Description: The southwest Pacific Ocean covers a broad range of surface-water conditions ranging from warm, salty water in the subtropical East Australian Current to fresher, cold water in the Circumpolar Current. Using a new database of planktonic foraminifera assemblages (AUSMAT-F2), we demonstrate that the modern analog technique can be used to accurately reconstruct the magnitude of sea-surfacetemperature (SST) in this region. We apply this technique to data from 29 deep-sea cores along a meridional transect of the southwest Pacific Ocean to estimate the magnitude of SST cooling during the Last Glacial Maximum. We find minimal cooling in the tropics (0°–2°C), moderate cooling in the subtropical midlatitudes (2°–6°C), and maximum cooling to the southeast of New Zealand (6°–10°C). The magnitude of cooling at the sea surface from the tropics to the temperate latitudes is found to generally be less than cooling at the surface of adjacent land masses.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1029/1999PA900047
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 4
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    Past, present, and future : a science program for the Arctic Ocean linking ancient and contemporary observations of change through modeling. A follow-up to the 2nd International Conference on Arctic Research Planning,19-21 November 2007, Potsdam, Germany (2007)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union)
    In:  Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union, 88 (28). p. 287.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-02-10
    Description: The Arctic Ocean is the missing piece for any global model. Records of processes at both long and short timescales will be necessary to predict the future evolution of the Arctic Ocean through what appears to be a period of rapid climate change. Ocean monitoring is impoverished without the long-timescale records available from paleoceanography and the boundary conditions that can be obtained from marine geology and geophysics. The past and the present are the key to our ability to predict the future.
    Type: Article , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - without review
  • 5
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    Arctic paleoceanography - Quo Vadis? (1996)
    Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung
    In:  Berichte zur Polarforschung, 212 . pp. 19-35.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-06-06
    Description: Introduction: The new Arctic Challenge Not counting the geographic exploration of the Arctic coast lines by fishermen, commercial traders and a few explorers it is only little more than 100 years ago that systematic investigations of the natural properties of the Arctic Ocean began. It was the German Carl Koldewey who sailed to Fram Strait in 1868 to study the nature of the ice margin, and he was followed by the famous Norwegian Fridtjof Nansen who drifted 1893-1 895 (Nansen, 1904) along with the central eastern Arctic Transpolar Drift - on his newly built polar research vessel FRAM - in his attempt to reach the North Pole (Fig. 1). Both men and their Crews were driven by the desire to understand the special oceanographic properties of the Arctic Oceans as well as the climatic variability and significance of the Arctic sea ice and its distribution. The motive of modern Arctic research is much the Same as more than 100 years ago, but Part of our tools and approaches have been improved over the past 100 years in such a way that we stand a much greater chance to succeed than these scientific pioneers. (...)
    Type: Article , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - without review
  • 6
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    Die Laptewsee im Wandel: Neue Seewege möglich (2006)
    Wissenschaftliche Auswertungen
    In:  In: Warnsignale aus den Polarregionen : Wissenschaftliche Fakten. , ed. by Lozán, J. L., Graßl, H., Hubberten, H. W., Hupfer, P., Karbe, L. and Piepenburg, D. Wissenschaftliche Auswertungen, Hamburg, pp. 226-229. ISBN 3-9809688-1-X
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-02-17
    Description: The Laptev Sea - chances for new sea routes: There is a growing concern about the rapidity and extent of climate changes in recent decades in the Arctic. The changes already evident in the Arctic, such as the cyclonic shift in the distribution of Atlantic/Pacific water masses, atmospheric pressure and winds, as well as the thinning and retreat of the sea-ice, will be felt first and most dramatically around the circum-Arctic shelves - nearly 50% of the area of the Arctic Ocean. In this context the Laptev Sea and its Siberian hinterland are of particular interest because of their distance both from the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. River discharge into the Laptev Sea constitutes a key source for the Arctic freshwater input generating a shallow brackish layer on top of the halicline. The shallow Laptev Sea Shelf is a major area of sea-ice production, linking the Siberian shelves of the Arctic Ocean with the Nordic seas. During the last Glacial Maximum most of these shelves were above sea level and developed thick permafrost sequences which are today sub-marine after they experienced the post-Glacial late Pleistocene and Holocene transgression. The history of the sub-marine permafrost and its modern state of decay are largely unknown.
    Type: Book chapter , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Book chapter
  • 7
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    Erfolge der deutschen Polarforschung seit dem letzten Internationalen Polarjahr (2006)
    Wissenschaftliche Auswertungen
    In:  In: Warnsignale aus den Polarregionen : wissenschaftliche Fakten. , ed. by Lozán, J. L., Graßl, H., Hubberten, H. W., Hupfer, P., Karbe, L. and Piepenburg, D. Wissenschaftliche Auswertungen, Hamburg, Germany, pp. 247-252. ISBN 3-9809688-1-X
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-02-19
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Book chapter
  • 8
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    The TRANSDRIFT III expedition: freeze-up studies in the Laptev Sea (1997)
    Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung
    In:  In: Laptev Sea System: Expeditions in 1995. , ed. by Kassens, H. Berichte zur Polarforschung = Reports on Polar Research, 248 . Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, pp. 1-192.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-01-20
    Description: The Russian icebreaker KAPITAN DRANITSYN carried out the TRANSDRIFT III expedition to the Laptev Sea (October 1 to 30., 1995), the largest ice factory in the Arctic Ocean and source region of the Transpolar Drift. In this shelf region, ice free for only three months a year, a comprehensive interdisciplinary working program concerning the causes and effects of annual freeze-up was performed. Unlike our previous expeditions to the Laptev Sea, which focused On oceanographical, hydrochemical, ecological, and sedimentological processes during the brief ice-free period in summer, this expedition studied these processes during the extreme physical change through the onset of ice formation in autumn. This is the first study of its kind under these conditions, and gave important clues to the rapid (14 to 40 days) freeze-up, which has significant year-round effects for the Laptev Sea and global environment. Freeze-up began one month later than usual (a 40 year record) close to the Novosibirskie Islands in low salinity surface waters due to heat stored in an intermediate water layer between 10 and 25 m water depth. Later, huge tracts of turbid, dirty ice were found off the Lena Delta where an unusually high phytoplankton concentration for this time of year occurred. The origin of these anomalies, and whether they are anomalies at all, and their relationship to global environment in real time are the focus of continuing research.
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Book chapter
  • 9
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    Über die deutschen Forschungsaktivitäten in den Polarregionen (2014)
    Wissenschaftliche Auswertungen
    In:  In: Warnsignal Klima : Die Polarregionen. , ed. by Lozán, J. L., Graßl, H., Notz, D. and Piepenburg, D. Wissenschaftliche Auswertungen, Hamburg, Germany, pp. 247-252. ISBN 978-39809668-63
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-02-13
    Description: About the German research activities in the polar regions: Since the International Geophysical Year 1957 scientists from both German states actively participated in international projects in Greenland and Svalbard and worked as guest scientists at various research stations in Antarctica. When the Federal Republic of Germany became a consultative member to the Antarctic Treaty system in 1981, for the first time in the history of German polar research an institutionalised long term polar research programme was established. The Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar Research, today Alfred Wegener Institute – Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI) was founded in 1980 as a national scientific centre for polar research. It operates the major infrastructure for logistics and science in both polar pegions. In the Antarctic the Federal Agency for Geosciences and Natural Resources and Geo-Research (BGR) and the German Aerospace Centre (DLR) dispose of further research facilities. To meet the latest technical and scientific requirements, AWI’s polar infrastructure has been permanently improved or replaced, if necessary. Likewise AWI supported initiatives to further develop the international cooperation in logistics, in order to improve access and joint operation of research stations in polar regions. For almost 30 years the German polar research programme with its infrastructure is closely internationally linked. It contributed to key research programme and has a significant share in the current in-depth understanding of the role of the polar regions within the Earth system. It is mandatory to keep this high level for the upcoming research activities.
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Book chapter
  • 10
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    Russian and German scientists explore the Arctic's Laptev Sea and its climate system (1998)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union)
    In:  Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union, 79 (27). 317+322-323.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Type: Article , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - without review
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