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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Starch Vinylation. Determination of Optimum Conditions by Response to Surface Designs (1963)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial and engineering chemistry 2 (1963), S. 318-322 
    Details
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/i260008a013
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microdetermination of Carbon and Hydrogen Using Nondispersive Infrared and Thermal Conductivity Analysis. (1962)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 34 (1962), S. 403-407 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac60183a030
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  • 3
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    Somatotypes of Male College Students in Nagpur, India (1964)
    Baltimore : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Human Biology. 36:2 (1964:May) 157 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-7143
    Topics: Biology
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:5243-1964-036-02-000006
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The strength of glassy polymers (1961)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 1 (1961), S. 109-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The Griffith theory for brittle fracture predicts that the tensile strength should be inversely proportional to the square root of the size of a defect or flaw in the sample tested. The validity of this relation has been investigated for the glassy polymers, poly(methyl methacrylate) and polystrene. The results indicate that the strength of the polymers depends on two factors: (1) the surface energy, and (2) the inherent flaw size. The surface energy is primarily that dissipated in a viscous flow process and the inherent flaw size is related to the tendency of the polymer to craze under stress.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760010305
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The interaction between styrene-butadiene rubber and carbon black on heating (1960)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 3 (1960), S. 213-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The interaction between a carbon black filler and styrene-butadiene rubber is increased if the material is heated after milling. This effect has been attributed to the polymeric free radicals which are presented after milling but which require a high temperature to increase their mobility to the point where they can react. The extent of interaction increases with time of heating and with the amount of milling before heating. The postulated mechanism is supported by the experimental activation energies and by the predictable influence of free radical scavengers on the system.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1960.070030811
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fracture processes in polymeric materials. I. The surface energy of poly(methyl methacrylate) (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 50 (1961), S. 107-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The general aspects of the problem of fracture and strength are briefly reviewed. The discrepancy between the observed strength of materials and the theoretical value calculated from the molecular structure is usually ascribed to the presence of adventitious flaws present in all samples tested. The Griffith theory of brittle fracture gives the relation between the tensile strength T and the size of the flaw in the sample c as T = A(Eγ/c)1/2. The tensile strengths of samples of poly(methyl methacrylate) containing artificially induced cracks of known size were determined. The results could be represented over a wide range of experimental conditions by the form of the Griffith theory. The value of the specific surface energy obtained from the position of the theoretical curve was ∼3 × 105 ergs/cm.2. The value calculated from the molecular structure of the material is ∼450 ergs/cm.2. The discrepancy is attributed to the energy consumed in a viscous flow process in a thin layer of material at the fracture surface. As a result of this process it is believed that in the surface layer polymer molecules are oriented normally to the fracture plane. This mechanism accounts for the colors observed on the fracture surface and for their lability on exposure to solvents or heating. The Griffith theory postulates a strong dependence of tensile strength on surface energy. In poly(methyl methacrylate) the largest contribution to the surface energy appears to arise from a viscous flow process. Hence for polymers the strength may depend much more on the intermolecular (van der Waals) forces than on then ature of the intramolecular primary valence bonds.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1961.1205015313
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fracture processes in polymeric materials. II. The tensile strength of polystyrene (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 50 (1961), S. 313-321 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The Griffith treatment of brittle fracture predicts that the tensile strength of a material should vary inversely as the square root of the length of a crack or flaw which it contains, the proportionality constant being a function of the surface energy. This relation has been verified experimentally for a series of polystyrene samples which contained deliberately introduced cracks. The value of the surface energy obtained from the results is 1.7 × 106 ergs/cm.2. This is much larger than would be predicted from the molecular constitution, and also higher than the value found from similar experiments on poly(methylmethacrylate). Deviation from the theoretical relationship occurs at small crack sizes, an effect which is attributed to the tendency of the polymer to craze. The effective size of the crazing cracks is estimated to be ∼0.04 in. Because of its higher surface energy, polystyrene is intrinsically stronger than poly(methyl methacrylate). However, the effective flaw size of poly(methyl methacrylate) is only ∼0.002 in., and the tensile strength of conventional samples of this polymer is higher than that of similar samples of polystyrene. These results indicate the importance of two factors which determine the strength of glassy polymers: (1) the surface energy, and (2) the effective flaw size. It is believed that a viscous flow process which occurs during fracture makes a large contribution to the surface energy, but the factors which govern the effective flaw size are, at present, little understood.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1961.1205015405
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fracture processes in polymeric materials. IV. Dependence of the fracture surface energy on temperature and molecular structure (1963)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: General Papers 1 (1963), S. 993-1003 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2951
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The study of the influence of flaw size on the tensile strength of poly(methyl methacrylate) samples has been extended over the temperature range -190°C. to 50°C. The fracture surface energy increases with decreasing temperature, while the inherent flaw size of uncracked samples passes through a minimum at about -20°C. The fracture surface energy and inherent flaw size of a copolymer of methyl methacrylate and 10 mole-% of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate have been obtained at room temperature, by a similar method. These results are examined in the light of the hypothesis already put forward concerning the factors which govern the strength and fracture properties of glassy polymers.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1963.100010313
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fracture processes in polymeric materials. V. Dependence of the ultimate properties of poly(methyl methacrylate) on molecular weight (1964)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: General Papers 2 (1964), S. 4069-4076 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2951
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The influence of molecular weight on the fracture surface energy, Young's modulus, tensile strength, and inherent flaw size in poly(methyl methacrylate) has been determined. In common with other mechanical properties, the dependence of the fracture surface energy on molecular weight can be represented by γ = A - (B/M), where M is the molecular weight, and A and B are arbitrary constants. By extrapolation, the upper limiting value is 1.55 × 105 ergs/cm.2, while the surface energy, and hence the tensile strength, should become zero for a polymer of molecular weight 25,000. This value is in good agreement with that found directly from brittle strength measurements.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1964.100020924
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