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  • 1965-1969  (16)
Document type
Year
  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Planta 70 (1966), S. 1-12 
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Substitution der ersten 6 Std einer Hellrot-Dauerbestrahlung durch Dunkelrot führte zu einem starken Anstieg im Anthocyangehalt, der höher war als die Summe aus Dunkelrot und Hellrot, wenn beide Bestrahlungen getrennt gegeben wurden. Folgte auf intermittierende Dunkelrot-Bestrahlung eine einmalige Dosis Hellrot, bildete sich eine beträchtliche Menge Anthocyan, obwohl jede Bestrahlung für sich kaum wirksam war. 4 Std Dauerdunkelrot induzierten bereits meßbare Anthocyanbildung, die durch kurze Hellrot-Bestrahlung weiter gesteigert werden konnte; der Effekt dieser terminalen Dosis Hellrot konnte durch nachfolgende kurze Dunkelrot-Bestrahlung wieder rückgängig gemacht werden. Daraus wird geschlossen, daß wenigstens zwei photochemische Reaktionen bei Bestrahlung mit Hellrot und Dunkelrot ablaufen, wobei die erste Substrat(e) für die zweite produziert. Wurde vor einer Dunkelrot-Hellrot-Sequenz mit Hellrot bestrahlt, ging die fördernde Wirkung von Dunkelrot fast vollständig verloren und der Anthocyangehalt entsprach annähernd dem in Hellrot. Der Effekt der Hellrot-Vorbestrahlung wird auf die Destruktion von Phytochrom zurückgeführt und es wird vermutet, daß Phytochrom das einzige Pigment ist, das bei der Anthocyansynthese in Hellrot und Dunkelrot beteiligt ist. Eine mögliche Interpretation wäre, daß die “Hochenergiereaktion” in Dunkelrot und die Hellrot-Dunkelrot reversible Niederenergiereaktion durch verschiedene Formen von Phytochrom vermittelt werden. Die Substitution der ersten 6 Std einer Dauerbelichtung mit Hellrot durch Blau ergab ebenfalls eine synergistische Zunahme im Anthocyangehalt. Der fördernde Effekt von Blaulicht konnte jedoch durch Vorbestrahlung mit Hellrot nicht verhindert werden. Daraus wird geschlossen, daß Phytochrom nicht das einzige Pigment sein kann, das die Reaktionen in Blaulicht vermittelt. Der Synergismus zwischen Blau und Hellrot läßt vermuten, daß die Hochenergiereaktion in Blau zur Produktion von Substrat führt, mit dem Phytochrom reagieren kann.
    Notes: Summary The substitution of far-red for the first six hours of a prolonged irradiation with red light resulted in a large increase in anthocyanin yield, which was greater than the combined yields from far-red and red when the two treatments were given separately. When intermittent far-red irradiation was followed by a single short exposure to red, a considerable amount of anthocyanin was formed, although each treatment given separately had little effect. Four hours continuous far-red alone yielded some anthocyanin and also resulted in a further large increase in the effect of a short red treatment; this terminal red effect was fully reversible by a subsequent brief exposure to far-red. It is concluded that at least two photochemical reactions are involved in the responses to red and far-red, the first leading to the formation of substrate(s) used in the second reaction. When red light preceded exposure to the far-red/red irradiation sequence, the far-red enhancement effect was almost entirely lost and the anthocyanin yield approached that in red light. The effect of the red pre-irradiation treatment is attributed to destruction of phytochrome and it is suggested that phytochrome is the only pigment mediating anthocyanin synthesis in red and far-red. A possible interpretation is that the “high-energy” reaction in far-red and the low energy red/far-red reversible reaction are mediated by different forms of phytochrome. The substitution of blue for the first six hours of a prolonged irradiation with red light also resulted in a synergistic increase in anthocyanin yield; the enhancement effect of blue light was, however, not prevented by prior exposure to red. It is concluded that phytochrome is not the only pigment mediating the reactions occurring in blue light. The synergism between blue and red suggests that the “high-energy” reaction in blue light may lead to the production of substrates for phytochrome action.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Planta 76 (1967), S. 11-24 
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Durch Entfernung der Kotyledonen wird die Anthocyansynthese in den Hypokotylen von Rübenkeimlingen (Brassica rapa) stark herabgesetzt. Mit einem Stoffgemisch aus Phenylalanin, Acetat und Glucose (PAG) können solche isolierten Hypokotyle jedoch eine beträchtliche Menge Anthocyan synthetisieren. In Blaulicht wurden damit Werte in Höhe der Kontrollen (Kotyledonen nicht entfernt) erzielt, aber in Dunkelrot betrug das Maximum nie mehr als etwa 55% der Kontrollen. Eine lange Vorbestrahlung mit Rot reduzierte die Anthocyanbildung in Dunkelrot. In jungen Keimlingen (die vermutlich noch zu einer Neusynthese von Phytochrom befähigt sind) konnte dieser Effekt weitgehend aufgehoben werden, wenn Phenylalanin, Glucose und Acetat zugesetzt wurden. In älteren Keimlingen gelang dies jedoch nicht mehr. Daraus wird geschlossen, daß Rotlicht nicht nur eine Destruktion von Phytochrom, sondern auch ein Verschwinden von Substrat bewirkt. Bei in Wasser belassenen Keimlingen war eine Vorbestrahlung mit Rot praktisch ohne Einfluß auf die Anthocyansynthese in Blaulicht. Der Zusatz der Phenylalanin-Glucose-Acetat-Mischung bewirkte jedoch, besonders im Hypokotyl, einen signifikanten Anstieg des Anthocyangehaltes im Vergleich mit nicht vorbestrahlten Kontrollen, und zwar in jungen und älteren Keimlingen. Das Blau-sensitive System erscheint daher unabhängig von der Destruktion des Phytochroms zu sein. Auch in Rotlicht konnten die Erträge durch Stoffzufuhr gesteigert werden. In Wasser waren 72 Std Rot nicht wirksamer als 24 Std. Zusatz von PAG erhöhte aber den Effekt der langen Bestrahlungsdauer, besonders in jungen Keimlingen. Die niedrigen Erträge in Rotlicht scheinen daher teilweise aus einem Substratmangel zu resultieren.
    Notes: Summary Separation of hypocotyls and cotyledons of turnip seedlings (Brassica rapa) reduced the yield of anthocyanin from the former. Feeding with a combination of phenylalanine, acetate and glucose (PAG) considerably increased anthocyanin synthesis in these excised hypocotyls. In blue light the yield equalled that of the controls with cotyledons attached but, in far-red, the maximum obtained was never more than 55% of the controls. A long pre-treatment with red light markedly reduced anthocyanin formation in far-red. In young seedlings (presumed to be still capable of de novo phytochrome synthesis) this effect could largely be overcome by feeding with the same phenylalanine-acetate-glucose medium used with isolated hypocotyls but, in older seedlings, feeding did not prevent the effect of pre-irradiation with red light. It is concluded that red light not only destroys phytochrome but also leads to substrate disappearance. Without feeding pre-irradiation with red did not materially affect the yield from blue light; the addition of the phenylalanine-acetate-glucose mixture caused a significant increase compared with treatments without pre-red in both older and younger seedlings, particularly in the hypocotyl. The blue sensitive system thus appears to be independent of phytochrome destruction. Feeding also increased yields in red light. In water 72 hours red was no more effective than 24 hours: with PAG the longer irradiation period resulted in a considerably increased yield, especially in younger seedlings. The low yields in red light thus appear to result partly from substrate deficiency.
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Planta 86 (1969), S. 116-123 
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The insertion of a dark period during irradiation with far-red resulted in the occurrence of a second lag-phase in the synthesis of anthocyanin when the seedlings were returned to light. The length of this second lag-phase was similar, to the first. It is suggested that the action of far-red light may not involve gene activation but rather the formation of substrate(s); the lag-phase may arise from ratelimiting steps in the synthesis of anthocyanin pigment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Planta 89 (1969), S. 9-22 
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary As measured by in vivo spectrophotometry the phytochrome content in etiolated turnip seedlings was higher in cotyledons than in hypocotyls; in the latter, it is confined to the apical part. During early growth in darkness the amount increased in both tissues to a maximum, reached about 40 hours after sowing; the levels then gradually declined. Separation of seedlings into hypocotyl and cotyledons increased the rate of phytochrome loss in the former, but not in the latter. Following 5 minutes of red light P frdecayed very rapidly in darkness; after 1.5 hours all of the phytochrome was present as P r, which was presumably not converted initially. In continuous red light the total phytochrome was reduced to below the detection level within 3 hours. Seedling age markedly affected the loss of phytochrome following red light; more was destroyed in older than in younger hypocotyls and apparent new synthesis occurred only in young seedlings. The capacity to synthesise phytochrome differed in cotyledons and hypocotyl. In cotyledons, synthesis occurred following shots of red light varying from 10 seconds, to 6×I minute, but the amount of newly formed phytochrome was not related to the amount destroyed: after 5 hours of continuous red light no new synthesis occurred. In hypocotyls, the amount of phytochrome synthesised was related to the amount previously destroyed, and the phytochrome content after 24 hours of darkness was similar following all red light treatments of 1 minute or longer: new synthesis occurred following 5 hours of continuous red light. In far-red light phytochrome decayed very slowly, approaching the limit of detection after 48 hours. In cotyledons some loss was already observed after 5 hours of far-red and, in hypocotyls, after about 10 hours. These results are discussed in relation to the possible role of phytochrome as the pigment mediating anthocyanin synthesis in prolonged far-red light.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 313 (1965), S. 283-285 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 535-540 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Polyesters based on tetrabromophthalic anhydride are self-extinguishing in the range of 8-12% bromine content and nonburning at higher levels of the latter. An increase in bromine content results in higher flexural and tensile strenght and flexural modulus, while impact resistance is slightly reduced. Mechanical Properties vary with bromine content in the 0-12% range and remain practically unaffected at higher levels up to 23%.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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