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  • 1
    Keywords: Cell differentiation. ; Electronic books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (52 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9783662010747
    Series Statement: Advances in Anatomy, Embryology and Cell Biology Series ; v.46/2
    DDC: 571.835
    Language: German
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The epidermal mucous cells of various nemerteans, polychaetes and gastropods exhibit a highly heterogeneous fine structure, which is not correlated to systematic position or way of living. Formation and extrusion of the mucus secretory substances also follow different patterns. In the majority of species investigated, the mucus inclusions originate in the Golgi area, in Pomatias they form in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. The mucus droplets either coalesce in the cytoplasm or retain their individuality before being extruded.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 17 (1972), S. 137-144 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The integument of S.E. Asian air-breathing polychaetes exhibits a variable ultrastructure with regard to cuticle and epithelial cells. The cuticle varies in thickness, contents of regularly arranged collagen fibrils, and structure of the epicuticle. The basal portion of the epithelium is either of smooth outline, or consists of slender processes of the epidermal cells separated by wide intercellular spaces which are invaded by a loose system of glia cells and nerve fibres. Extracellular spaces within the epidermis of the gills of Dendronereides heteropoda are transformed into blood lacunae. The enzyme content of the epithelial cells is relatively low.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Various enzyme activities have been demonstrated in the pharynx, midgut, and caeca of the polychaetes Aphrodita aculeata, Lepidonotus squamatus, and Nephtys ciliata; these activities, together with ultrastructural characteristics, indicate both secretory and absorptive abilities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 131 (1972), S. 429-436 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Hormone granules ; Thyroid (C-cells) ; Anterior Pituitary ; Ultrastructure ; Freeze-etching method
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Gefriergebrochene Präparate (mit und ohne Ätzung) der Adenohypophyse und der C-Zellen der Schilddrüse von Ratte und Meerschweinchen wurden elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. Bei den Hormongranula dieser Zellen verlaufen die Bruchflächen im allgemeinen zwischen den beiden Membranflächen oder zwischen Granulum-Inhalt und Membran. Nur relativ selten werden Granula quergebrochen. Auf beiden Hälften der gespaltenen Membranen der C-Zellgranula werden etwa mit gleicher Häufigkeit Proteinpartikel (100–200 Å) gefunden. Bei den Granula der somatotropen Zellen treten auf der dem Plasma anliegenden Membranhälfte deutlich mehr Proteinpartikel auf als auf der dem Granuluminhalt anliegenden Hälfte. Der Inhalt der somatotropen und C-Zellgranula erscheint bei dieser Präparationsmethode aus einer dichten Packung von 80–100 Å großen Partikeln zu bestehen. Eine besonders strukturierte Zone zwischen Membran und Granuluminhalt konnte bei den bisherigen Untersuchungen nicht festgestellt werden. Durch Ätzung der Gefrierbrüche ließen sich keine zusätzlichen strukturellen Details der Granula darstellen. Eine durch Auswertung von stereoskopischen Aufnahmen gewonnene Größenverteilungskurve für die C-Zellgranula wird vorgelegt.
    Notes: Summary Freeze-fractured preparations (with and without etching procedures) of guineapig and rat thyroid (C-) cells and anterior pituitary (somatotropic-) cells have been investigated with the electron microscope. The hormone granules of these cells in general split either between the two lamellae of their unit membrane or between the granule contents and the unit membrane. Only rarely cross-broken granules have been observed. Inner and outer lamella of the unit membrane of the C-cell granules contain in more or less similar frequency moderate amounts of protein particles of 100–200 Å diameter. In case of the somatotrophs the outer lamella contains higher numbers of these particles than the inner one. The contents of the C-cell and somatotroph granules seems to consist of densely packed 80–100 Å particles. A particular zone between contents and membrane (as observed on micrographs with conventional electron microscopy) could not be detected on freeze-fractured preparations. The etching procedure does not reveal additional details of the granule structure. A size distribution curve of the C-cell granules as determined from stereo-pairs, is given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 154 (1974), S. 543-545 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Epitheliomuscular cells ; Brachiopoda Lingula ; Acrania ; Branchiostoma ; Phylogeny ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Epitheliomuscular cells largely corresponding to those of cnidarians have been found in the mesenteria of Lingula and in various coelomic channels of Branchiostoma. They are characterized by basal extensions containing thin and thick myofilaments. In Lingula they also bear an apical cilium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 134 (1972), S. 193-204 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Kidney ; Anurans ; Canaliculi cells ; Dark cells ; Electron microscopy, Enzyme cytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die elektronenmikroskopische und enzymcytochemische Untersuchung der Nieren von Rana cancrivora und R. esculenta, Hyla arborea und H. regilla, Bufo carens, B. mauretanicus und B. viridis ergibt, daß im Epithel ihrer Verbindungsstücke verschiedene Zelltypen vorkommen. Die Verbindungsstücke von Rana cancrivora und R. esculenta zeichnen sich — abgesehen von dem Vorhandensein heller Zellen — durch den Besitz sog. Kanälchenzellen aus, die nach Form und Struktur an die Belegzellen der Magendrüsen erinnern. Es handelt sich um sehr mitochondrienreiche, elektronendicht erscheinende Elemente, die durch teilweise verzweigte intrazelluläre Kanälchen mit der Lichtung des Verbindungsstückes kommunizieren. Aus der Oberfläche dieser Canaliculi ragen kurze Cytoplasmafortsätze in das Lumen. An der Basis der Kanälchenzellen bilden zahlreiche Cytoplasmafortsätze ein Labyrinth, das mit den seitlichen Interzellularräumen in Verbindung steht. Die Kanälchenzellen geben eine starke Reaktion auf Bernsteinsäuredehydrogenase und NADH-Diaphorase, die dem Reichtum der Zellen an Mitochondrien entspricht. Unterschiede in der Zahl der Kanälchenzellen bei dem marinen Frosch Rana cancrivora und bei R. esculenta scheinen nicht zu bestehen. Im Verbindungsstück der untersuchten Hyla- und Bufoarten fallen dunkle, d.h. elektronendichte Zellen auf, die zwar viele Mitochondrien enthalten und ein basales Labyrinth bilden, jedoch nicht kanalisiert sind. Auch diese dunklen Zellen geben eine intensive Reaktion auf Bernstein- säuredehydrogenase und NADH-Diaphorase. Die Kanälchenzellen weisen Zeichen einer sekretorischen Aktivität (Bildung von Mukosubstanzen) auf. Die Frage, ob sie außerdem resorptiv tätig sind und ob die dunklen Zellen sowohl sezernieren als auch Ionen aktiv transportieren, kann mit den angewandten Methoden nicht beantwortet werden. Unbekannt ist ferner, ob die Unterschiede im Aufbau der Verbindungsstücke bei den Rana-Arten auf der einen und den Hyla- und sowie Bufo-Arten auf der anderen Seite zu Verschiedenheiten der Harnbildung bei diesen Formen in Beziehung stehen.
    Notes: Summary The electronmicroscopical and enzymecytochemical investigation of the kidneys of Rana cancrivora, R. esculenta, Hyla arborea, H. regilla, Bufo carens, B. mauretanicus and B. viridis reveals that the epithelium of the connecting tubule (Verbindungsstück) consists of different cell typs. The connecting tubules of Rana cancrivora and R. esculenta are characterized — apart from the occurrence of light cells — by the differentiation of so-called canaliculi cells, the shape and structure of which resemble those of the parietal cells of the gastric glands. These electron dense elements are rich in mitochondria and communicate by partly ramified intracellular canaliculi with the lumen of the connecting tubule. The plasma membrane bordering the canaliculi forms short microvilli-like processes. At the basis of the canaliculated cells numerous cytoplasmic processes form a labyrinth which is in connection with the lateral intercellular space. The canaliculi cells exhibit a strong activity of succinic dehydrogenase and NADH-diaphorase, which corresponds to the abundance of mitochondria in these cells. Differences in the number of canaliculi cells in the marine frog Rana cancrivora and the freshwater species Rana esculenta apparently do not exist. The connecting tubules of the Hyla and Bufo species investigated contain strikingly dark, i.e. electron dense cells, which contain numerous mitochondria, and which possess a basal labyrinth. Canaliculi, however, are lacking. These dark cells, too, give an intensive reaction for succinic dehydrogenase and NADH-diaphorase. The canaliculi cells show features of a secretory activity (production of mucous substances). The question, whether in addition they have a resorptive function and whether the dark cells are secretory and actively ion-transporting elements, cannot be answered by means of the methods applied. Further, it remains unknown whether the differences in the structure of the connecting tubule of the Rana species on the one hand and the Hyla-and Bufo species on the other, are related to differences in the mechanisms of urine production.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 132 (1972), S. 231-244 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Eye ; Pecten oculi ; Capillaries ; Enzyme histochemistry ; Electronmicroscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Im Endothel der Kapillaren des Pecten der Augen von Haustaube und Lachmöwe (Larus ridibundus) lassen sich lichtmikroskopisch alkalische und saure Phosphatase sowie Aminopeptidase nachweisen. Bernsteinsäuredehydrogenase und verschiedene Esterasen fehlen dagegen. Im Elektronenmikroskop ist das Kapillarendothel des Pecten der Lachmöwe durch dichte apikale und basale Mikrovillisäume, Mitochondrienansammlungen, zahlreiche polymorphe elektronendichte Granula, in reichem Maße vorhandene Ribosomen und multivesikuläre Körper gekennzeichnet. Zwischen Basallamina und Endothelzelle befindet sich ein weiter mit Fibrillen gefüllter Raum. Die Pigmentzellen des Pecten bilden mitochondrienhaltige Füßchen aus, die sich der Basallamina der Kapillaren anlegen. Die Oberfläche des Pecten wird von einer weiteren Basallamina gebildet; auch ihr lagern sich Füßchen der Pigmentzellen an. Die vorliegenden histochemischen und feinstrukturellen Befunde und Angaben aus der Literatur lassen vermuten, daß das Kapillarendothel im Pecten besondere Anpassungen an verstärkt ablaufende Transportvorgänge aufweist.
    Notes: Summary The endothelium of the capillaries in the pecten of the eyes of domestic pigeons and blackheaded gulls (Larus ridibundus) gives a positive reaction for alkaline and acid phosphatase, as well as for aminopeptidase. Negative results have been obtained for succinic-acid dehydrogenase and various esterases. In the electron microscope the capillary endothelium in the pecten of the blackheaded gull is characterized by densely packed apical and basal microvilli, accumulations of mitochondria and polymorphic electron-dense granules, numerous ribosomes and relatively common occurrence of multivesicular bodies. The endothelial cells are separated from their basal lamina by wide spaces which are filled by fibrils. The pigment cells of the pecten extend mitochondria-containing processes towards the basal lamina of the capillaries. The surface of the pecten is bound by a further basal lamina, which is underlain by other projections of the pigment cells. The present histochemical and fine-structural findings and evidence derived from the literature suggest that the capillary endothelium of the pecten shows particular adaptations in respect of transport mechanisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 103 (1970), S. 129-148 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Enteropneusts ; Nerve fibre ; Neurocord ; Synapses
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The nerve fibre layer and the neurocord of the Enteropneusts Saccoglossus horsti, Harrimania kupfferi and Ptychodera flava have been examined with the electron microscope. The nerve fibres vary in diameter between 0.15 to 10 μm. The majority of the fibres are of the smaller diameters. The nerve fibre layer is intraepidermal, and is divided by processes running radially from the epithelial cells to the basement membrane that separates the nerve fibre layer from the muscle cells. The cells of origin of these nerve fibres are situated mainly in the innermost layers of the epidermal cells. The nerve fibre profiles contain numerous vesicles of very varied diameter and contents, together with larger granular inclusions that are also found in the nerve cell bodies. Morphologically recognisable synapses are rare, but the majority of fibres are in intimate contact with one another. Sometimes the mass of fibres is divided into bundles by the epithelial cell processes. The majority of giant fibres are situated near to the basement membrane of the neurocord. The giant fibres also have a varied content of vesicles as well as neurofilaments and neurotubules. The central canal in Ptychodera flava and the remnants of the central canal in Saccoglossus horsti are both lined by columnar cells that bear microvilli as well as cilia with the typical 9 + 2 pattern of tubules. Scattered amongst these cells are mucus secreting cells which open into the cavity of the canal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 104 (1970), S. 138-148 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Thymus ; Rat ; Involution ; Histochemical pattern
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Makrophagen und entodermale Retikulumzellen samt Ausläufern lassen sich im Thymus der Wistar-Ratte durch den histochemischen Nachweis der sauren Phosphatase und der unspezifischen Esterase selektiv darstellen, während die Lymphozyten nicht reagieren. Häufigkeit und Verteilung der Retikulumzellen und Makrophagen lassen altersabhängige Unterschiede erkennen: Auf Kosten der Retikulumzellen nimmt die Zahl der Makrophagen mit fortschreitendem Lebensalter zu. Bei geschlechtsreifen Tieren bilden sie einen Wall an der Mark-Rinden-Grenze. Die Bedeutung der sauren Phosphatase in entodermalen Retikulumzellen wird unter der Annahme diskutiert, daß es sich um lysosomengebundenes Ferment handelt. Lysosomen sind im involvierenden Thymus wahrscheinlich an autolytischen oder phagozytotischen Prozessen beteiligt. Es stellt sich die Frage, ob Lysosomen in entodermalen Retikulumzellen des Thymus neugeborener Tiere in die Abgabe einer humoral wirksamen Substanz eingreifen können.
    Notes: Summary Macrophages and entodermal reticulum cells in the thymus of Wistar rats contrast by their rich contents of acid phosphatase and unspecific esterase activity with the negativ reacting lymphocytes. Frequency and distribution of the cells vary according to different stages of age: at cost of the entodermal reticular cells the number of macrophages increases with progressive age. In sexually mature animals they form a typical layer at the corticomedullary junction. The functional meaning of acid phosphatase in the entodermal reticulum cells is discussed under the assumption that this enzyme is lysosomebound. In the involuting thymus lysosomes are involved in autolytic or phagocytic processes. The question arises wether lysosomes in entodermal reticulum cells in the thymus of newborn animals can take part in the control of an humoral function of the thymus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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