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  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (4)
  • Carbachol  (2)
  • 1970-1974  (6)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A microperfusion investigation of bicarbonate secretion by the rat submaxillary gland (1970)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 319 (1970), S. 185-199 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Submaxillary Gland ; Bicarbonate Secretion ; Microperfusion ; Acetazolamide ; Carbachol ; Submaxillardrüse ; Bicarbonatsekretion ; Mikroperfusion ; Acetazolamid ; Carbachol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Bicarbonate transport in the rat submaxillary main duct has been studied by microperfusion. Bicarbonate was concentrated in the duct lumen against an electrochemical gradient and the equilibrium concentration was estimated to be 56.5 mEq/l±3.1 (S.E.M.,n=11). The secretory mechanism could not be inhibited by 6 mMolar cyanide although such concentrations caused marked inhibition of both net sodium efflux and net potassium influx. Bicarbonate secretion in the main duct was not inhibited by acetazolamide whether applied from the duct lumen or given intravenously. Similarly, the drug was without effect on bicarbonate excretion by the intact gland even when maximum excretory rates had been induced with carbachol. It was concluded that catalytic hydration of carbon dioxide to carbonic acid was not a rate-limiting step in the bicarbonate secretory process. The data did not permit a distinction to be made between a bicarbonate secretory processper se and a process of either H+ reabsorption or OH− secretion. The parasympathomimetic agent, carbachol, when given parenterally was found to increase sharply the net influx of bicarbonate into the microperfused main duct as well as to reduce net sodium efflux and net potassium influx. Previously it had been postulated that final saliva was formed in two stages. First a plasma-like primary secretion was formed at a rate depending on the degree of stimulation, and second, the primary secretion was modified in the gland duct system by reabsorptive and secretory processes whose transport rates were presumed to be independent of the degree of stimulus. It now becomes necessary to postulate that stimulation can act on electrolyte transport at both primary and secondary levels; at present, however, no data are available to show whether appreciable net water influx can ever occur at the secondary level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00586449
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of a sympatho- and a parasympathomimetic drug on the electrolyte concentrations of primary and final saliva of the rat submaxillary gland (1971)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 327 (1971), S. 285-302 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Parasympathicomimetic ; Sympathicomimetics ; Submaxillary Gland ; Potassium Secretion ; Bicarbonate Secretion ; Isoproterenol ; Carbachol ; Parasympathomimetica ; Sympathomimetica ; Glandula submaxillaris ; Kalium-Sekretion ; bicarbonat-Sekretion ; Isoproterenol ; Carbachol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Salivary glands are generally supposed to produce their secretions in 2 stages: 1. A plasma-like secretion is formed in the acinar-intercalated duct region of the gland, the rate of production but not the electrolyte composition of this fluid being increased by gland stimulation. 2. This primary saliva is then modified during its passage along the gland duct system by processes of Na reabsorption and K and HCO3 secretion. In general terms this hypothesis accounts for the behaviour of salivary glands undergoing parasympathetic or parasympathomimetic stimulation. However, when sympathetic or sympathomimetic stimulation occurs the electrolyte excretory patterns are anomalous and the 2-stage hypothesis cannot easily account for them. Thus, after sympathomimetic stimulation the rat submaxillary saliva was found to be nearly isotonic with [K]=150 mEq/l and [HCO3]=135 mEq/l, the concentrations being independent of flow rate. To elucidate this problem the Na, K and HCO3 excretory curves in rat submaxillary saliva have been studied in animals undergoing parasympathomimetic, sympathomimetic and combined sympatho- and parasympathomimetic stimulation and these have been compared with the electrolyte concentrations of primary saliva obtained at rest and after stimulation. The results suggest: 1. That both types of drug stimulate formation of an approximately plasma-like primary secretion whose composition changes only slightly with stimulation. Parasympathomimetics, however, cause production of 6–8 times more primary fluid per unit time than sympathomimetics. 2. That contrary to all previous opinion, the drugs have a direct action at the ductal level where they stimulate secretion of K and HCO3. At this site the effects of the two types of drug are approximately equal which explains why sympathetic saliva is so rich in K and HCO3. The ductal action of parasympathomimetics may also explain why ductal secretion of both K and HCO3 do not undergo saturation as gland stimulation is progressively increased.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00588449
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die Korrektur der Probentransparenz in der Röntgenspektralanalyse (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 3 (1974), S. 159-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: The loss of X-ray fluorescene intensity caused by an imperfect absorption of the primary beam in specimen which are mainly composed of light elements (for example: aqueous liquids, scoriae, minerals and rock samples) is derived and its practical measurement is described. The corrections start in the range of the K spectra near Rb (Z=37) at a few per cent and increase rapidly towards Ba (Z=56). The correction factor for all elements in question can be derived from one diagram by interpolation. To accomplish the correction it is necessary to know the matrix factor and the weight of the specimen; no additional preparation is necessary.
    Notes: Die Strahlendurchlässigkeit Von Proben mit vormiegend leichten Elementen (z.B.wässrige Lösungen, Schlacken, Mineralund Gesteinsproben) führt zu Fluoreszenzatrahlungsverlusten, die unter Berücksichtingung der Strahlengeometric berechnet Werden und deren praktische Messung beschrieben wird. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die erforderlichen Korrekturen im Bereich der K-Spektren etwa beim Element Rb (Z=37)mit maximal einigen %einsetzen und zum Ba (Z=56) hin rasch ansteigen, Durch Interpolation lassen sich alle in Frage kommenden Elemente an Hand einer einzigen Korrekturtafel erfassen, Die Durchfuhrung der Korrektur verlangt die Kenntnis des Matrixfaktors und des Probengewichtes und des Probengewichtes und erfordert keine zäsatzliche präparation.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/xrs.1300030408
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Etude de la Fragmentation du Benzisothiazole et de Quelques Benzoselenazoles et Benzisoselenazoles (1972)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 6 (1972), S. 1321-1331 
    Details
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The mass spectra of benzisothiazole, three benzoselenazoles and three benzisoselenazoles have been determined and compared with those of the corresponding benzothiazoles. The elimination of CS known to occur from these latter substances is confirmed in the case of benzisothiazole, but a different mechanism is proposed.The fragmentation of the selenium analogues led to ions of the same type as the benzothiazoles and benzisothiazole, through extrusion of molecules of the type CN - R, but loss of the heteroatom was not accompanied by loss of carbon. Furthermore, the isoselenazole structure seems to be more sensitive to electronolysis than its isomer.All six selenium heterocyclics investigated gave rise to two ions (130 and 132) resulting from a recombination of various fragments, suggesting that this is a characteristic feature of the electron-impact fragmentation of compounds of this type.
    Notes: Les spectres de masse du benzisothiazole, de trois benzosélénzoles et de trois benzisoséléazoles not été mesurés et comparés à ceux des benzothiazoles correspondants. La perte de CS mise en évidence chez ces derniers est confirmée dans le cas du benzisothiazole, mais un mécanisme différent est proposé.La fragmentation des analogues séléniés conduit à des ions du même type que dans le cas des benzothiazoles et du benzisothiazole par perte de molécules du type CN - R, cependant, la perte de l'hétéroatome ne s'accompagne pas de perte de carbone. En outre, il semble que la structure isosélénazole soit plus sensible à l'electronolyse que son isomére.Les six hétérocycles séléniés étudiés ont tous donné naissance à deux ions (130 et 132) provenant d'une recombinaison de divers fragments. Ce phénomène laisse à penser qu'il s'agit là d'un élément caractéristique dans la fragmentation électronique de tels composés.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oms.1210061207
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High resolution Raman spectroscopy of gases with laser sources.Work supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation. VII: The rotational spectrum of cyclohexane-C6H12 and C6D12 (1973)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 1 (1973), S. 159-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 0377-0486
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The pure rotational Raman spectra of cyclohexane-d0 and cyclohexane-d12 have been photographed under high resolution using a single mode argon laser as the exciting source. The spectra consist of reasonably sharp lines which form well developed R- and S-branches. The molecular constants found from the analysis of the spectra are, for C6H12: B0 = 0.143429 ± 2 × 10-6 cm-1, DJ = (1.56 ± 0.03) × 10-8 cm-1 and, for C6D12: B0 = 0.109469 ± 1 × 10-6 cm-1 and DJ = (0.61 ± ± 0.01) × 10-8 cm-1. These results and possible molecular structures are discussed in terms of the results of recent electron diffraction studies of cyclohexane.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jrs.1250010204
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High resolution Raman spectroscopy of gases with laser sources. VI. The rotaitional spectra of 1,3,5-trifluorobenzene and hexafluorobenzene (1973)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 1 (1973), S. 3-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 0377-0486
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The pure rotational Raman spectra of 1,3,5-trifluorobenzene and hexafluorobenzene have been photographed under high resolution using a single mode argon laser as the exciting source. The observed spectra consist of sharp, highly symmetric lines which form well developed R- and S-branches. The analysis of the spectra was performed on the basis of the theory of the non-rigid, symmetric top rotor. The following ground state constants were determined. For 1,3,5-trifluorobenzene, Bo = 0.0586517 ± (5 × 10-7) cm-1 and Dj = (1.89 ± 0.04) × 10-9 cm-1; for hexafluorobenzene, Bo = 0.0343165 ± 9 × 10-7 cm-1 and Dj = (0.70 ± 0.04) × 10-9 cm-1. The C—F bond lengths for these molecules were determined by assuming the values of the carbon ring parameters of benzene. The C—F bond lengths (r0-values) of 1,3,5-trifluorobenzene and hexafluorobenzene are then, respectively, 1.304 Å and 1.321 Å. These values are in good agreement with the C—F bond lengths determined by means of the electron diffraction technique.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jrs.1250010102
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