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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 98 (1976), S. 4515-4518 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 117 (1979), S. 891-903 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Thunderstorm ; Cloud electricity ; Clouds ; electric charge separation in
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract This paper proposes a new model for thunderstorm electric field generation which directly utilizes the dynamic turbulent motion to separate the charges. Postulating a microphysical charge separation mechanism, such as is commonly accepted in most other theories, and which places a negative charge on the larger particles with a positive charge on the smaller ones, it is described how evaporation and cooling at the tops of small cumuli will release the positive charges as ions. These ions migrate to the surrounding cloud as the cooled parcel, with negatively charged particles in it, sinks down through the cloud. Since the sinking parcel contains mostly ice, it will be more buoyant than its surroundings when it reaches rising regions of water cloud, and hence should come to rest near the −10°C level. Thus the cloud will acquire an accumulation of negative charge at about this level before substantial hydrometeors begin falling out of it.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 287 (1975), S. 47-60 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Guinea-Pig Ileum Longitudinal Muscle Strips ; Acetylcholine Resting Release ; Acetylcholine Content ; Oxotremorine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. Longitudinal muscle strips of the guinea-pig ileum were incubated in Tyrode solution containing either DFP or physostigmine as cholinesterase inhibior. After a 90 min preincubation period the acetylcholine resting release into the medium was determined. Acetylcholine was estimated by gas chromatography. 2. The resting release was 0.39 nmol/g×min irrespective of the cholinesterase inhibitor used. In the presence of hexamethonium, or after omission of external calcium, the resting release fell by 50 and 55%, respectively. 3. Oxotremorine (10−5 and 10−4 M) significantly inhibited the resting release of acetylcholine by 25 and 33%, respectively. The inhibitory effect of oxotremorine was completely reversed by atropine (3×10−7M). Oxotremorine did not reduce the spontaneous release of acetylcholine that occurred either in the presence of hexamethonium or in the absence of external calcium. 4. The acetylcholine content of the muscle strips was approximately doubled during the preincubation with a cholinesterase inhibitor. The subsequent incubation with oxotremorine did not lead to a further increase in the endogenous acetylcholine content. However, incubation of the muscle strips with oxotremorine in the absence of a cholinesterase inhibitor led to a rise in the endogenous acetylcholine concentration. Inin vivo experiments, oxotremorine also caused an increase in the acetylcholine content of the muscle strips. The possibility is discussed that the rise in the acetylcholine concentration following the administration of oxotremorine is a consequence of the decreased release. 5. It is concluded that oxotremorine inhibits the resting release of acetylcholine by activation of neuronal muscarinic receptors. The inhibitory effect of oxotremorine is linked to that fraction of the acetylcholine resting release that is calcium-dependent and that arises from propagated activity in cholinergic neurones. The results are consistent with the hypothesis of a feed-back control of acetylcholine release mediated by inhibitory muscarinic receptors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 57 (1979), S. 135-142 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Pseudo-Bartter's-Syndrome ; Abuse of diuretics ; Histopathology ; Hypokalemia ; Tubular-System ; Pseudo-Bartter-Syndrom ; Diuretikaabusus ; Histopathologie ; Hypokaliämie ; Tubulussystem
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei einer 38jährigen Patientin entwickelte sich ein Pseudo-Bartter-Syndrom mit hypokaliämischer Alkalose, Hyponatriämie und Hyperreninämie infolge eines mehr als 10jährigen Abusus von Diuretika (Furosemid, Spironolacton, Thiabutazid). Als nierenbioptische Befunde werden eine Hyperplasie des iuxtaglomerulären Apparates und der Mesangiumzellen als morphologisches Substrat des Hyperreninismus sowie eine herdförmige Vakuolisierung von proximalen Tubuluszellen und eine herdförmige Atrophie der distalen Tubuli beschrieben. Die Genese der tubulären Veränderungen und ihre mögliche Beziehung zu kaliopenischen, hypoxischen oder medikamententoxischen Einflüssen wird diskutiert, kann jedoch nicht befriedigend erklärt werden. Ein weiterer auffälliger pathologisch-anatomischer Befund ist das Übergreifen des proximalen Tubulusepithels auf das parietale Blatt der Bowmannschen Kapsel, was als Kompensationsmechanismus im Rahmen des lang-jährigen Flüssigkeitsverlustes angesehen wird.
    Notes: Summary A 38-year-old female patient developed a Pseudo-Bartter's-Syndrome with hypokalemic alkalosis, hyponatremia and hyperrenism as the result of the abuse of diuretics (furosemide, spironolactone, thiabutacide) for a period of more than 10 years. The needle biopsy specimen from the kidney showed a hyperplasia of the juxtaglomerular apparatus and of the mesangium cells as the morphologic basis of hyperrenism, a focal vacuolisation of the proximal tubular epithelium and a focal atrophy of the distal tubules. The pathogenesis of the tubular alterations and their possible relation to hypokalemia, hypoxemia or drug-toxicity is discussed, a satisfactory interpretation, however, cannot be given. The encroachment of proximal tubular epithelium on the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule is another striking patho-anatomical finding, and considered a compensatory mechanism under the continuous loss of water.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Intravenous nitroglycerin ; Acute myocardial infarction ; Untreated control group ; Late intervention ; CK and CK-MB infarct-size ; Intravenöses Nitroglycerin ; akuter Herzinfarkt ; nicht behandelte Kontrollgruppe ; späte Intervention ; CK- und CK-MB Infarktgröße
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei 38 Patienten mit frischem Herzinfarkt wurde die Wirkung von Nitroglycerin auf die Infarktgröße untersucht. Nach Randomisierung erhielten 16 Patienten eine Nitroglycerin-Dauerinfusion über 48 h in einer Dosierung zwischen 0,6 und 6,0 mg/h, im Mittel 2,3 mg/h. 22 Patienten blieben ohne spezifische Therapie und dienten als Kontrollgruppe. Die Intervention erfolgte im Mittel 12±5 (±1 SD) Stunden nach Beginn der Schmerzsymptomatik und 8±5 h nach Beginn des CK-Anstieges. Die Infarktgröße wurde aus dem Aktivitäts-Zeitverlauf der Creatinkinase (CK) und des myokardialen Isoenzyms der CK (CK-MB) bestimmt. Mit einer Ausnahme wurden bei allen Patienten gleichzeitig die hämodynamischen Parameter (linksventrikulärer Füllungsdruck, arterieller Blutdruck, Herzminutenvolumen) gemessen. Das mittlere Infarktgewicht in der Kontrollgruppe betrug 51±30 g, in der Nitroglyceringruppe 48±33 g. Das aus der CK-MB errechnete Infarktgewicht betrug in der Kontrollgruppe 60±36 g (n=16) und im behandelten Kollektiv 52±41 g (n=11). Bei einem linksventrikulären Füllungsdruck (LVFP) unter 20 mm Hg betrug das Infarktgewicht in der Kontrollgruppe 43±30 g (n=12), in der Nitroglyceringruppe 41±32 g (n=11). Bei einem LVFP über 20 mm Hg betrug das Infarktgewicht in der Kontrollgruppe 61±29 g (n=10) gegenüber 64±32 g (n=5) in der mit Nitroglycerin behandelten Gruppe. Auch bei der aus den ersten 7 h vorausberechneten Infarktgröße ergab sich zur beobachteten Infarktgröße kein Unterschied. Trotz der bekannten günstigen Wirkung von Nitroglycerin auf Hämodynamik und myokardiale Ischämie nahm das Infarktgewicht nur geringfügig ab. Dabei ist jedoch zu berücksichtigen, daß der Interventionszeitpunkt relativ spät war (12 h). Bei Frühintervention scheint eine günstige Beeinflussung möglich zu sein.
    Notes: Summary In 38 patients with acute myocardial infarction the effect of nitroglycerin on infarct size was studied. Patients were randomized into two groups. 16 patients received continuous nitroglycerin infusions of 0.6 to 6.0 mg/h (mean 2.3 mg/h) over a 48 h period, 22 patients received no specific therapy and served as control. Nitroglycerin was given in the mean 12±5 (±1 SD) hours following onset of chest pain and 8±5 h after the increase of CK values. Infarct size was determined according to the time activity curve of creatine kinase (CK) and of its myocardial isoenzyme (CK-MB). In all but one patient hemodynamic parameters (left ventricular filling pressure, blood pressure, cardiac index) were measured. The mean infarct size was 51±30 CK-g-equiv. in control patients, and 48±33 g in nitroglycerin treated patients. Infarct size as calculated from CK-MB values was 60±36 g (n=16) in control, and 52±41 g (n=11) in treated patients. At left ventricular filling pressure values (LVFP) below 20 mm Hg infarct size amounted to 43±30 g (n=12) in control, and to 41±32 g (n=11) in the nitroglycerin group. At LVFP values above 20 mmHg infarct size was 61±29 g (n=10) in control as opposed to 64±32 g (n=5) in treated patients. There was no difference between infarct size as predicted during the first 7 h and the observed infarct size. - Despite the known beneficial effect of nitroglycerin on hemodynamics and on myocardial ischemia, infarct size seems not to be greatly reduced, however, intervention occurred fairly late (12 h). In early intervention beneficial effects seem likely.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1750
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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