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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Agents acting on the central nervous system. 14. 1-(p-alkanoylphenoxy)-3-(N4-arylpiperazinyl)propan-2-ols. New class of antidepressants (1972)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of medicinal chemistry 15 (1972), S. 286-291 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-4804
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jm00273a019
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Is hypoallergenic a credible term? (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical and experimental dermatology 29 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2230
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Hypoallergenic is a term that is frequently applied to cosmetics and is intended to imply a very low likelihood of developing or potentiating allergic cutaneous reactions. However there are neither industry standards nor legal requirements which must be fulfilled in order to make this claim. We describe a 25-year-old woman referred with worsening eczema which she related to the use of two skincare products. Both had been promoted as hypoallergenic and ‘preservative free’; chemical analysis using HPLC confirmed the presence of methyldibromoglutaronitrile and formaldehyde, both at robust concentrations. We consider it unlikely that these were present as contaminants and suggest that the term hypoallergenic must be interpreted with caution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2230.2004.01521.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and infrared studies of some anils (1975)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of chemical & engineering data 20 (1975), S. 450-451 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5134
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/je60067a002
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of coumarin as the sensitizer in a patient sensitive to her own perfume but negative to the fragrance mix (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Contact dermatitis 40 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The aim of this study was to identify the chemicals responsible for the sensitivity of a 44-year-old woman to her own perfume, but showing negative patch test results to the fragrance mix. For this purpose, the perfume concentrate from the eau de toilette was chemically fractionated. Each fraction obtained was afterwards tested on the patient using a ROAT and/or a patch test. Only 1 fraction gave a positive ROAT result. This fraction was analyzed and found to contain coumarin and ethyl vanillin. Coumarin, one of the most widely used fragrance compounds that is not present in the fragrance mix, was confirmed as being the sensitizer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.1999.tb06033.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fragrances and other materials in deodorants: search for potentially sensitizing molecules using combined GC-MS and structure activity relationship (SAR) analysis (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Contact dermatitis 39 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Deodorants are one of the most frequently-used types of cosmetics and are a source of allergic contact dermatitis. Therefore, a gas chromatography - mass spectrometric analysis of 71 deodorants was performed for identification of fragrance and non-fragrance materials present in marketed deodorants. Futhermore, the sensitizing potential of these molecules was evaluated using structure activity relationships (SARs) analysis. This was based on the presence of 1 or more chemically reactive site(s), in the chemical structure, associated with sensitizing potential. Among the many different substances used to formulate cosmetic products (over 3500), 226 chemicals were identified in a sample of 71 deodorants. 84 molecules were found to contain at least 1 structural alert, and 70 to belong to, or be susceptible to being metabolized into, the chemical group of aldehydes, ketones and α,β-unsaturated aldehydes, ketone or esters. The combination of GC-MS and SARs analysis could be helpful in the selection of substances for supplementary investigations regarding sensitizing properties. Thus, it may be a valuable tool in the management of contact allergy to deodorants and for producing new deodorants with decreased propensity to cause contact allergy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.1998.tb05944.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Deodorants on the European market: quantitative chemical analysis of 21 fragrances (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Contact dermatitis 38 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Deodorants are one of the most frequently used types of cosmetics and side-effects from them are common. Recent studies relate perfume allergy to this type of product. 73 deodorants were analyzed by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry for the determination of the contents of 7 well-known fragrance allergens from the fragrance mix and 14 other commonly used fragrance materials. The deodorants were purchased at retail outlets in 5 European countries. It was found that in general, fragrance mix ingredients were more frequently present in vapo- and aerosol sprays than in roll-on products. The levels of the fragrance mix substances ranged from 0.0001–0.2355%. The products investigated contained cinnamic aldehyde and isoeugenol less frequently (17% and 29% respectively), and eugenol and geraniol most frequently (57% and 76% respectively). The 14 other fragrance materials were found in 40–97% of the deodorants, with hedione and benzyl acetate the most frequently found substances. The concentration of these 14 substances ranged from 0.0001–2.7%. It is concluded that the levels of cinnamic aldehyde and isoeugenol found in the deodorants could prove to be relevant for elicitation of contact dermatitis. No conclusions could be drawn about the other fragrance mix constituents, as threshold levels in sensitized individuals have not been investigated. Furthermore, all of the fragrance materials investigated were frequently found in deodorants and, apart from the fragrance mix ingredients, the extent of problems with sensitization to these fragrance materials is largely unknown.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.1998.tb05633.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fragrance chemicals in domestic and occupational products (2001)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Contact dermatitis 45 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Epidemiological studies have described an increasing prevalence of fragrance allergy and indicated an association with hand eczema. 59 domestic and occupational products intended for hand exposure were subjected to gas chromatography-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) analyses to test the hypothesis that fragrance chemicals known to have the potential to cause contact allergy but not included in fragrance mix (FM) may be common ingredients in these products. A quantitative analysis of 19 selected fragrances was performed by GC-MS. Further analysis of GC-MS data revealed the presence of 43 other fragrance chemicals/groups of fragrance chemicals in the products investigated. Among the 19 target substances the most commonly detected were limonene in 78%, linalool in 61% and citronellol in 47% of the products investigated. The FM ingredients were present in these products with the following frequencies: oak moss (evernic acid methylester) 2%, cinnamic alcohol 2%, cinnamic aldehyde (cinnamal) 3%, isoeugenol 5%, α-amylcinnamic aldehyde (amyl cinnamal) 8%, hydroxycitronellal 12%, eugenol 27%, and geraniol 41%. Thus, the chemical analyses of domestic and occupational products indicates that investigation of potential contact allergy related to these products types should consider fragrance allergens additional to those in the FM, since these may occur with high frequency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0536.2001.450406.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Content and reactivity to product perfumes in fragrance mix positive and negative eczema patients (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Contact dermatitis 36 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The aim of the study was in investigate the elicitation potential of perfumes from 17 commonly sold lower-price cosmetic products. 8 of the perfumes were from stay-on cosmetics and 9 were from wash-off cosmetics. Each perfume was tested in 500 consecutive eczema patients, who also were tested with the European standard patch test series. 4.2% reacted to 1 or more of the wash-off product perfumes and 3.2% to 1 or more of the stay-on product perfumes. Concordant positive reactions between the fragrance mix and the product perfumes were found in 81.3% of positive reactions to the stay-on product perfumes and in 52.4% of the reactions to the wash-off product perfumes. Compared to the fragrance mix alone, only 1 additional case of contact allergy to the product perfumes was detected by balsam of Peru. Chemical analysis revealed that between 1 and 5 of the chemically-defined constituents of the fragrance mix were present in all of the product perfumes. Geraniol was found in 12 of the 17 perfumes and was most often detected. The concentration of the target fragrance materials ranged from 0.005%–1.35 w/v% It is concluded that the allergenic constituents of the fragrance mix are impossible to avoid if perfumed cosmetics are used. Furthermore, patients suspected of perfume allergy need to be tested with their own perfumed products, as far from all cases of perfume allergy are detected by the fragrance mix and/or balsam of Peru in the European standard patch test series.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.1997.tb00003.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Occupational and systemic contact dermatitis with photosensitivitydue to vitamin B6 (2001)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Contact dermatitis 44 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0536.2001.440308-5.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Contents of fragrance allergens in children's cosmetics and cosmetic-toys (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Contact dermatitis 41 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Fragrances are one of the major causes of allergic contact dermatitis from use of cosmetics. The aim of the current study was to assess the possible exposure of infants and children to fragrance allergens from cosmetic products and “toy-cosmetics”. 25 children's cosmetics or toy-cosmetic products were analysed by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry. Target substances were the fragrance allergens from the fragrance mix and 14 other fragrance substances, most of which have been described as contact allergens. The fragrance mix ingredients were either not present in children's shampoos/shower gels and cream/lotions, or they were present in fairly low concentrations. In hydro-alcoholic products, such as eau de parfum, eau de toilette, several ingredients of the fragrance mix were found: geraniol was present in 7/7 products, hydroxycitronellal in 6/7 and isoeugenol in 2/7 products. Isoeugenol was present in a maximum concentration of 0.07%. In one cosmetic-toy, cinnamic alcohol was present at 3.7% which exceeds the current industry guideline for safe products by a factor of 5. In all types of products other fragrance allergens were frequently found. In conclusion, children are already exposed at an early age to well-known allergens, sometimes at concentrations which are considered to be unsafe. As contact allergy usually persists for life, manufacturers of children's cosmetics should be aware of their special responsibility and apply the highest possible safety standards.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.1999.tb06231.x
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