Keywords:
Biological rhythms--Congresses.
;
Electronic books.
Description / Table of Contents:
Current Topics in Cellular Regulation, Volume 18: Biological Cycles covers topics on the events of molecular biology, cellular communication, and the merging of cell structure to biochemical function. The book discusses the ornithin-urea cycle; the cycles of glutathione metabolism and transport; and the role of multienzymatic proteins in mammalian pyrimidine biosynthesis. The text also describes the significance of interconvertible enzyme cycles in cellular regulation; regulation of mammalian pyruvate dehydrogenase complex by a phosphorylation-dephosphorylation cycle; replenishment of citric acid cycle intermediates by the purine nucleotide cycle in rat skeletal muscle. The control of a secondary pathway of ethanol metabolism by differences in redox state; the role of aldolase and fructose bisphosphatase in the control of gluconeogenesis and glycolysis; and the fructose 6-phosphate/fructose 1,6-bisphosphate cycle are also considered. The book further tackles the cycles in polysaccharide biosynthesis and other important biological cycles. Biologists, microbiologists, cellular biologists, and biochemists will find the book invaluable.
Type of Medium:
Online Resource
Pages:
1 online resource (596 pages)
Edition:
1st ed.
ISBN:
9781483217178
Series Statement:
Current Topics in Cellular Regulation ; v.18
URL:
https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/geomar/detail.action?docID=1817947
Language:
English
Note:
Front Cover -- Biological Cycles -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- List of Contributors and Discussants -- Preface -- Excerpts from an Interview with Sir Hans Krebs -- Chapter 1. The Ornithine-Urea Cycle: Biosynthesis and Regulation of Carbamyl Phosphate Synthetase I and Ornithine Transcarbamylase -- I. Historical Survey -- II. Mitochondrial Enzymes Involved in Urea Biosynthesis -- A. Carbamyl Phosphate Synthetase I -- B. Ornithine Transcarbamylase -- III. Effects of Mitochondrial Metabolites on Carbamyl Phosphate Synthetase I and Ornithine Transcarbamylase -- IV. Hormonal Effects on Citrulline and Urea Biosynthesis -- V. Effects of Dietary Protein on Citrulline and Urea Biosynthesis and the Enzymes Involved -- VI. Synthesis and Degradation of Carbamyl Phosphate Synthetase I and Ornithine Transcarbamylase -- VII. Discussion -- Chapter 2. On the Cycles of Glutathione Metabolism and Transport -- I. Introduction -- II. The γ-Glutamyl Cycle -- III. Function of the y-Glutamyl Cycle In Vivo -- Effects of Amino Acid Administration and of Enzyme Deficiency and Inhibition -- IV. Transport of Glutathione across Cell Membranes -- V. Transport of γ-Glutamyl Amino Acids into Cells -- VI. Intraorgan and Interorgan Cycles of Glutathione Metabolism -- VII. Extracellular Oxidation of Glutathione to Glutathione Disulfide -- VIII. On the Function of γ-Glutamyl Transpeptidase: Consequences of γ-Glutamyl Transpeptidase Inhibition -- IX. Summary -- Note Added in Proof -- Chapter 3. Multienzymatic Proteins in Mammalian Pyrimidine Biosynthesis: Channeling of Intermediates to Avoid Futile Cycles -- I. Introduction -- II. Materials and Methods -- III. Results -- IV. The Metabolic Significance of Channeling of Pyrimidine Intermediates -- Chapter 4. Interconvertible Enzyme Cycles in Cellular Regulation -- I. The Acyl-CoA Cycle in Clostridium kluyveri.
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II. Interconvertible Enzyme Cycles in Metabolic Regulation -- A. Monocyclic Cascade -- B. Muticyclic Cascades -- C. The Glutamine Synthetase Cascade -- D. Cooperativity (Sensitivity) and Signal Amplification -- III. Discussion -- Chapter 5. Regulation of Mammalian Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex by a Phosphorylation-Dephosphorylation Cycle -- I. Introduction -- II. Subunit Composition and Structure -- III. Regulation of Mammalian Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex -- IV. Conclusions: The Domain Hypothesis -- Chapter 6. Replenishment of Citric Acid Cycle Intermediates by the Purine Nucleotide Cycle in Rat Skeletal Muscle -- I. Introduction -- II. Demonstration of the Operation of the Purine Nucleotide Cycle in Extracts of Skeletal Muscle -- III. Demonstration of the Operation of the Purine Nucleotide Cycle in Intact Skeletal Muscle -- IV. Generation of Citric Acid Cycle Intermediates during Operation of the Purine Nucleotide Cycle -- V. Discussion -- Chapter 7. Control of a Secondary Pathway of Ethanol Metabolism by Differences in Redox State: A Story of the Failure to Arrest the Krebs Cycle for Drunkenness -- I. Introduction -- II. The Classic Pathway of Ethanol Metabolism -- III. The Physiological Role of Liver Alcohol Dehydrogenase -- IV. Consequences of Ethanol Metabolism in Liver -- V. The Arrest of the Krebs Cycle in Liver during Drunkenness -- VI. The Resurrection of an Alternative Pathway of Ethanol Metabolism -- VII. The Production of 2,3-Butanediol by Microorganisms -- VIII. Production of 2,3-Butanediol in Mammalian Systems -- IX. The Reason Why Brain Produces Acetoin and Liver Does Not-An Example of Redox State Control -- X. The Consequences of the Failure to Arrest the Krebs Cycle in Brain during Drunkenness -- XI. Testicular Production and Metabolism of 2,3-Butanediol.
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XII. The Implications of Finding 2,3-Butanediol in the Blood of Alcoholics -- Chapter 8. Aldolase and Fructose Bisphosphatase: Key Enzymes in the Control of Gluconeogenesis and Glycolysis -- I. Introduction -- II. The Role of Fru-P2 in the Regulation of Carbohydrate Metabolism -- III. Regulation of Fru-P2ase -- IV. Interaction of Fru-P2ase and Aldolase -- V. Changes in Liver Aldolase during Fasting -- VI. The PFK/Fru-P2ase Cycle and Its Possible Role in the Regulation of Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis -- VII. The Effect of Fru-P2 Concentration on the Activity of Fru-P2ase -- VIII. Summary and Conclusions -- Chapter 9. The Fructose 6-Phosphate/Fructose 1,6-Bisphosphate Cycle -- I. Introduction -- II. Fructose 6-Phosphate/Fructose 1,6-Bisphosphate Recycling in the Liver In Vivo -- III. Fructose 6-Phosphate/Fructose 1,6-Bisphosphate Recycling in Isolated Hepatocytes -- IV. The Control of Phosphofructokinase Activity by Glucagon -- V. Concluding Remarks -- Chapter 10. Cycles in Polysaccharide Biosynthesis -- I. Introduction -- II. Uridine-Diphosphate-Glucose -- III. Polyprenyl Phosphates -- IV. Dolichyl Phosphate -- V. Epilogue -- Chapter 11. Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Intermediates and the Control of Fatty Acid Synthesis and Ketogenesis -- I. Introduction -- II. The Liver Cell Culture System -- III. Fatty Acid Synthesis -- IV. Ketogenesis -- V. Summary -- Chapter 12. Ferroactivator and the Regulation of Gluconeogenesis -- I. Introduction -- II. Tryptophan Affects Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase and Gluconeogenesis -- III. Transition Metal Ions Activate Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase -- IV. The Discovery of Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase Ferroactivator -- V. 3-Aminopicolinic Acid-A Synthetic Compound That Mimics Ferroactivator -- VI. Enhancement of Gluconeogenesis by Catecholamines-Participation of Calcium.
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Chapter 13. Metabolic Cycles in the Fermentation by Propionic Acid Bacteria -- I. Introduction -- II. Early Investigations Concerning the Validity of the Krebs Cycle -- III. Cycles in the Fermentation by Propionic Acid Bacteria -- IV. Summary and Concluding Remarks -- Chapter 14. Sterol Structure and Membrane Function -- Chapter 15. The ATP- Phosphate Cycle -- CHapter 16. Formation and Utilization of PEP in Microbial Carbohydrate Transport -- I. Introduction -- II. Evidence for the PEP-Hexose Transport Cycle -- III. Regulation of the PEP-Hexose Transport Cycle -- IV. Regulation by the PEP-Hexose Transport Cycle -- V. Concluding Remarks -- Chapter 17. Cycles in the Function of Mitochondrial Membrane Transport Systems -- I. Introduction -- II. Effect of Inhibitors on Phosphate Efflux during Hydrolysis of ATP by Mitochondria -- III. Effect of Inhibitors on ATP-lnduced Efflux of Phosphate -- IV. Stoichiometric Relationships in ATP-lnduced Phosphate Efflux -- V. The Influx and Efflux Pathways for CaL Are Different -- VI. Dual Pathways for C02(HC03 ¯) Influx and Efflux -- VII. Possible Role of Dual Transport Systems for Adenine Nucleotides and Phosphate -- VIII. Concluding Remarks -- Chapter 18. The Cycling of Oxygen through Intermediates in the Cytochrome Oxidase-Oxygen Reaction -- I. Introduction -- II. Cytochrome Oxidase: Structural Features -- III. Oxygen Affinity -- IV. Physiological Function -- V. Redox States -- VI. The CO and O2 Reactions -- VII. Electron Transfer -- VIII. The Copper Components-X-Ray and Edge Absorption -- IX. Summary -- Chapter 19. Energy Cycles in Health and Disease -- I. Why a Krebs Cycle? -- II. The Glycolysis Cycle -- III. Regulatory Cycles in Bioenergetics -- Chapter 20. The Glucose-Lactic Acid Cycle and Gluconeogenesis -- Summary -- Chapter 21. Amino Acid Cycles in Man -- I. Introduction -- II. Red Cells -- III. The Brain.
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IV. Liver -- V. Muscle -- VI. Kidney -- VII. Overall Controls -- VIII. Discussion -- Chapter 22. Phosphorylation and Dephosphorylation of Glycogen Phosphorylase: A Prototype for Reversible Covalent Enzyme Modification -- I. Introduction -- II. Phosphorylation Site in Phosphorylase -- III. Phosphorylation and Changes in Enzymic Activity -- IV. Substrate-Directed Control of the Interconversion Reactions of Phosphorylase -- V. Regulation of Phosphorylase a Formation by Calcium -- VI. Regulation of the Interconversion Reactions of Phosphorylase by cAMP -- A. Regulation of P hosphorylase Kinase by cAMP -- B. Regulation of Phosphorylase Phosphatase by cAMP -- C. Protein Kinases Other than Phosphorylase Kinase That Are Regulated by Phosphorylation-Dephosphorylation -- VII. Specificities of the Interconverting Enzymes -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 23. Role of Phosphorylation- Dephosphorylation Cycles in the Control of Protein Synthesis in Eukaryotes -- I. Introduction -- II. Translation Control in Reticulocyte Lysates -- III. Which Step of Translation Is Inhibited? -- IV. How Does α Phosphorylation of eIF-2 Affect Chain Initiation? -- V. Properties of ESP -- VI. Restoring Factor -- VII. Concluding Remarks -- Chapter 24. Structure and Hormonal Regulation of the Ovalbumin Gene Cluster -- I. Introduction -- II. Materials and Methods -- III. Results and Discussions -- IV. Summary -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 25. Catabolite Repression in Yeast: Mediation by cAMP -- I. Introduction -- II. Results -- III. Conclusion -- Chapter 26. Unwinding the Double Helix: Complete Equation for Chemical Equilibrium -- I. Introduction -- II. Bond Energy and Heat of Reaction -- III. The Gibbs-Helmholtz Equation and the "Midpoint Temperature -- IV. A Complete Equation for Equilibrium at the Midpoint -- V. Mass-Actions at the Midpoint.
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VI. A Complete Equation for Equilibrium at Any Temperature.
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