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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monitoring gonadotrophin therapy by real-time ultrasonic scanning of ovarian follicles (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 89 (1982), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary. Real-time ultrasound scanning of ovarian follicles was performed during 61 cycles in 22 infertile patients being treated with sequential injections of human menopausal gonadotrophin (hMG) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG). Total 24-h urinary oestrogens were estimated (and in 13 cycles plasma oestradiol) but the amount of gonadotrophin given was based mainly on the ultrasound findings. A retrospective analysis of the results showed that there was a poor statistical correlation between the diameter of the largest follicle and the total urinary oestrogens (r= 0.39) and with the level of plasma oestradiol (r= 0.56), although similar clinical information was obtained by all methods. Ovulation was induced in 58 cycles when the leading follicle had a mean diameter of 20–25 mm (mean 21.3 mm); follicular rupture was observed in 57 cycles and in these cases there was biochemical evidence of luteinization (plasma progesterone 〉15 nmol/1; total urinary pregnanediol 〉8 μmol/24h). Three patients (three cycles) were not given hCG; one developed micropolycystic ovaries and two showed evidence of hyperstimulation (one follicle 〉25 mm diameter, three or more follicles 20–25 mm diameter). Twelve patients became pregnant, all with single fetuses. Subsequently one aborted, one had an ectopic pregnancy, three gave birth to normal babies at term and seven pregnancies are continuing. Real-time ultrasound scanning of ovarian follicles is a simple, practical method for monitoring follicular growth during the administration of hMG and predicting the response to hCG.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1982.tb04684.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    OESTRADIOL: THE PREDOMINANT INTRANUCLEAR OESTROGEN IN THE ENDOMETRIUM OF OESTROGEN-TREATED POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 88 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Intracellular oestrogen metabolism has been investigated in endometrial tissue from postmenopausal women receiving oestrogen therapy either alone or in combination with a progestogen. During oestrogen therapy alone, there was a 3·2 fold predominance of oestradiol over oestrone within the endometrial cell nucleus and the mean nuclear oestrogen receptor content was 1·40 pmol/mg DNA. The addition of norethisterone decreased the nuclear oestradiol/oestrone ratio to 1–4:1 by lowering the oestradiol mass. A concurrent reduction in the mean level of the nuclear oestrogen receptor to 0·58 pmol/mg DNA indicated a decrease in oestro-genic stimulation. The activity of oestradiol-17β dehydrogenase was significantly increased. There was a plasma excess of oestrone over oestradiol during oestrogen therapy alone and the oestrone/oestradiol ratio was not significantly altered following norethisterone administration. The ability of the endometrium to incorporate oestradiol selectively into the nucleus is discussed in relation to the risk of endometrial hyperplasia with unopposed oestrogen therapy. The profound biochemical changes induced by norethisterone help elucidate mechanisms whereby progestogens lower oestrogenic potency and thereby protect the endometrium against excessive stimulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1981.tb02228.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE ABSORPTION AND METABOLISM OF ORAL OESTRADIOL, OESTRONE AND OESTRIOL (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 88 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The absorption, metabolism and clearance of oestradiol, oestrone and oestriol from the peripheral circulation were investigated in five postmenopausal women after the oral administration of Hormonin (oestradiol 600 μg, oestrone 1400 μg, oestriol 270 μg) daily for five consecutive days. In addition the concentrations of plasma oestrone-3-sulphate, oestrone-3-glucuronide, LH and FSH were determined in the same plasma samples. The maximum concentrations of each steroid in peripheral plasma and the time intervals during which the peak occurred after ingestion of the last tablet were:—oestrone (750 to 2116 pmol/1, 0·5 to 6·0 hours), oestradiol (246 to 813 pmol/1, 1 to 8 hours), oestriol (173 to 241 pmol/1, 5 to 12 hours), oestrone-3-glucuronide (32·2 to 78·8 nmol/1, 0·5 to 3·0 hours) and oestrone-3-sulphate (21·9 to 39·0 nmol/1, 1 to 7 hours). The mean factorial increases in the concentration of each compound during the first 12 hours post-treatment over the baseline values were:—oestrone (4·1); oestradiol (4·4); oestriol (1·7); oestrone-3-sulphate (2·6) and oestrone-3-glucuronide (8·1). After treatment, the concentration of plasma oestradiol remained significantly higher than the baseline values (p 〈0·025) for 24 hours and the values for each subject were within the normal range for premenopausal women. Moreover, there was a significant reduction (p 〈 0·025) in the level of circulating LH. It is concluded that the simultaneous administration of oestrone, oestradiol and oestriol, by mouth, to postmenopausal women is a good approach to maintaining an appropriate concentration of oestradiol in peripheral plasma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1981.tb01312.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasma prostanoids in pregnancy-induced hypertension (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 89 (1982), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary. The concentrations of 13,14-dihydro-15-oxo-prostaglandin F2α (PGFM), 6-oxo-prostaglandin F1α,a (6-oxo-PGF1α) and thromboxane B2 (T×B2) were measured by radioimmunoassay in peripheral plasma from 183 pregnant women attending routine antenatal clinics. A total of 141 patients (47 nulliparous, 94 parous) remained normotensive and had uncomplicated pregnancies. The results from this group showed that there was no significant difference in the concentration of any metabolite in relation to parity or gestational age. The concentrations (pmol/1; means±SD) were PGFM 373±105, 6-oxo-PGF1α 391±104 and T×B2 373±121. Nineteen patients (12 nulliparous, 7 parous) who had pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) by the time of sampling (three) or who subsequently developed the symptom (mean time from sampling to diagnosis 11 weeks, range 1–24 weeks) had significantly higher levels of 6-oxo-PGFlα(574±216; P〈0.0005, Student's test) and T×B2 (603±268; P 〈0.0005). The concentrations in seven nulliparous patients with PIH and proteinuria were 656±276 for 6-oxo-PGF3α and 754±228 pmol/1 for T×B2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1982.tb04715.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    HORMONAL PROFILES IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN AFTER THERAPY WITH SUBCUTANEOUS IMPLANTS (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 88 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Plasma hormones were estimated in 24 postmenopausal patients who had been castrated. Each was given a sub-cutaneous implant of either 100 mg or 50 mg of oestradiol, or 50 mg of oestradiol with 100 mg of testosterone, or 200 mg of testosterone. Plasma hormone estimations were repeated at two weeks, one month and then monthly for up to 12 months. Plasma follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) concentrations were seen to fall at two weeks after all implants containing oestradiol. Plasma testosterone concentrations rose from a mean concentration of 1.0 nmol/1 to 5.0 nmol/1 and 6.7 nmol/1 after implants of 100 mg and 200 mg of testosterone respectively. Implants containing oestradiol caused the pretreatment ratio of the concentrations of oestrone to oestradiol to change from 2:1 to 1:2. The implant of 100 mg of oestradiol caused the plasma oestradiol concentration to rise to a mean value of 602.3 pmol/1 and those of oestrone to rise to 356.7 pmol/1. The more commonly used implants contain 50 mg of oestradiol and these caused the mean concentration of plasma oestradiol to rise to 346.7 pmol/1 and oestrone to rise to 233.9 pmol/1. These values compare favourably with those attained after oral oestrogen therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1981.tb01008.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intracranial intravenous digital subtraction angiography (1982)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 23 (1982), S. 241-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Angiography ; Digital fluoroscopy ; Noninvasive ; Low risk ; Arteriovenous malformation ; Aneurysm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Intravenous digital subtraction angiography (iDSA) promises to significantly alter the use of conventional cerebral angiography in the workup of neurological patients. Understanding its diagnostic potential and its limitations are important in incorporating this new examination into the diagnostic thought process of neuroradiologic tests. Different image processing techniques such as integration of mask and contrast images promise to improve image quality for neuroradiologic application. At present, iDSA is suitable for the diagnosis and follow-up of vascular lesions (atherosclerosis, aneurysms, arteriovenous malformations, venous sinus occlusion), and tumor (meningioma). Although limited, the spatial resolution of iDSA studies is capable of demonstrating diffuse vascular disease such as arteritis and vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage. In some patients in conjunction with the CT scan, iDSA may prove sufficient as the primary and only diagnostic angiographic test necessary, supplanting conventional angiography.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00339390
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nature and origin of A-type granites with particular reference to southeastern Australia (1982)
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 80 (1982), S. 189-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract In the Lachlan Fold Belt of southeastern Australia, Upper Devonian A-type granite suites were emplaced after the Lower Devonian I-type granites of the Bega Batholith. Individual plutons of two A-type suites are homogeneous and the granites are characterized by late interstitial annite. Chemically they are distinguished from I-type granites with similar SiO2 contents of the Bega Batholith, by higher abundances of large highly charged cations such as Nb, Ga, Y, and the REE and lower Al, Mg and Ca: high Ga/Al is diagnostic. These A-type suites are metaluminous, but peralkaline and peraluminous A-type granites also occur in Australia and elsewhere. Partial melting of felsic granulite is the preferred genetic model. This source rock is the residue remaining in the lower crust after production of a previous granite. High temperature, vapour-absent melting of the granulitic source generates a low viscosity, relatively anhydrous melt containing F and possibly Cl. The framework structure of this melt is considerably distorted by the presence of these dissolved halides allowing the large highly charged cations to form stable high co-ordination structures. The high concentration of Zr and probably other elements such as the REE in peralkaline or near peralkaline A-type melts is a result of the counter ion effect where excess alkali cations stabilize structures in the melt such as alkali-zircono-silicates. The melt structure determines the trace element composition of the granite. Separation of a fluid phase from an A-type magma results in destabilization of co-ordination complexes and in the formation of rare-metal deposits commonly associated with fluorite. At this stage the role of Cl in metal transport is considered more important than F.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00374895
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased growth of RSV-induced tumors in chickens partially tolerant to MHC alloantigens (1981)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 12 (1981), S. 275-284 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Chickens withB 2 B 2 MHC genotypes were made partially tolerant to B5 MHC cell-surface antigens and the fate of their Rous-sarcoma-virus (RSV)-induced tumors was determined.B 2 B 2 chickens partially tolerant to viable or lysed white blood cells (WBC) or viable red blood cells (RBC) fromB 5 B 5 chickens had a significantly higher incidence of tumor progression than untreated, PBS-treated, orB 2 B 2 chickens inoculated with WBC from otherB 2 B 2 chickens. The criteria for tolerance were absence of antibody titer to the cell type inoculated and acceptance of allografts fromB 5 B 5 donors byB 2 B 2 chickens. Graft-vs-host reactions occurred only inB 2 B 2 chickens inoculated with viable WBC fromB 5 B 5 chickens. It appears thatB 2 B 2 chickens partially tolerant to B5 antigens failed to mount a successful immune response to RSV-induced tumors partly because a B5 MHC antigen(s) cross-reacted with a tumor associated antigen(s) thereby severely limitingB 2 B 2 host recognition of the tumor as foreign. Since WBC and RBC cell-surface antigens appear to contribute similarly to the effect, theB-F- region of the MHC may be involved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01561670
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cross-reactivity between RSV-induced tumor antigen and B5 MHC alloantigen in the chicken (1981)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 13 (1981), S. 29-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Lymphocytes from chickens homozygous (B 2 B 2) at the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) were tested for cytotoxic activity against five types of target chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF). Lymphocytes from B2B2 chickens bearing RSV-induced tumors lysed in vitro targets of B 2 B 2 and B 5 B 5 RSV-infected CEF and B 5 B 5 normal CEF, but did not lyse B 2 B 2 and B 24 B 24 normal CEF. Lymphocytes from normal B 2 B 2 chickens did not lyse any of the five types of CEF targets. Alloantisera absorption studies showed that both RSV-infected and uninfected CEF shared alloantigens, in particular B-F alloantigens, with syngeneic erythrocytes. Absorption with B 2 B 2 RSV-infected CEF significantly lowered the titer of B 2 B 2 anti-B 5 B 5 alloantisera. Cross-reactivity between B 5 antigen(s) and tumor-associated antigen was suggested and the nature of the cross-reactivity was discussed. It is hypothesized that this cross-reactivity prevents B 5 B 5 chickens from recognizing RSV-induced tumors as foreign, enhances tumor growth and leads to death of the host.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00524603
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of progesterone and estradiol on gonadotropin - induced oocyte maturation in isolated ovarian follicles from mice (1980)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Gamete Research 3 (1980), S. 59-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 0148-7280
    Keywords: mouse follicles in vitro ; progesterone ; estradiol ; gonadotropin ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Ovaries from pubertal mice were dissected into fragments containing 1-4 antral follicles, which were cultured on the surface of a chemistry defined medium. After 17-20 hrs oocytes were released from the cultured follicles and their meiotic status recorded. In the presence or absence of exogenous gonadotropins oocytes in these cultures behaved meiotically as expected if they had been studied in the intact animal. Media containing 100 μM of progesterone for the duration of the culture period caused atresia of the oocytes, and although the addition of gonadotropins reduced this necrosis they did not induce the resumption of meiosis. The meiotic stimulating effect of gonadotropins was also inhibited if progesterone was present in the culture media for the first 3 hours only. Estradiol (100 μM) similarly inhibited the meiotic inducing action of gonadotropins when left in the medium for the duration of culture, but had no effect when administrated for a shorter period. The results from this model system, would indicate that the meiotic-initiating action of gonadotropins can be modulated by exposure to progesterone and estradiol.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1120030107
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