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  • 1980-1984  (10)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    On the distributions of long‐lived tracers and chlorine species in the middle atmosphere
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 1984
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Vol. 89, No. D7 ( 1984-12-20), p. 11633-11644
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 89, No. D7 ( 1984-12-20), p. 11633-11644
    Abstract: A numerical model employing the residual Eulerian formulation and small eddy diffusivity coefficients is used to calculate the distributions of chemical tracers and chlorine species. The predicted densities of nitrous oxide, methane, and chlorocarbons are shown to be in good agreement with available observations and to exhibit strong latitude gradients. Computed spatial variations in methane produce large variations in the HCl and ClO densities. In particular, a pronounced local minimum in HCl is obtained near 40 km for certain latitudes and seasons, with a corresponding maximum in ClO, primarily as a result of transport of atmospheric methane. It is suggested that spatial and short‐term temporal variability in methane has potentially important consequences for the HCl and ClO distributions in the atmosphere, and their variability, and for the chlorine‐catalyzed destruction of stratospheric ozone.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/JD089iD07p11633
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 1984
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Simulation of NO x partitioning along isobaric parcel trajectories
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 1983
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans Vol. 88, No. C9 ( 1983-06-20), p. 5497-5501
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 88, No. C9 ( 1983-06-20), p. 5497-5501
    Abstract: A numerical study is presented of the chemistry of NO x (NO + NO 2 + NO 3 + 2 × N 2 O 5 ) in air parcels assumed to travel on constant pressure surfaces for a period in early February 1977. Airflow was observed to be stable and largely barotropic during this period. Strong coupling between photochemical and dynamical effects is found to play an important role in determining the distributions of these species. Comparison of model results to observations of the total column abundance of NO 2 (Noxon, 1979) yields good agreement and implies that attention should be given to dynamical conditions when comparing model calculations and observations of odd nitrogen species in the stratosphere.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/JC088iC09p05497
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 1983
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    On the distribution of nitrogen dioxide in the high‐latitude stratosphere
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 1983
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans Vol. 88, No. C9 ( 1983-06-20), p. 5229-5239
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 88, No. C9 ( 1983-06-20), p. 5229-5239
    Abstract: A time dependent two‐dimensional model has been used to study the behavior of nitrogen species in the atmosphere. The model employs a residual mean meridional circulation for the transport of photochemical species, and this transport yields large column abundances for NO x (N + NO + NO 2 + NO 3 + 2 × N 2 O 5 + HNO 4 ) at high latitudes, with the altitude of maximum density occurring in the lower stratosphere. New temperature dependent absorption cross sections are employed for N 2 O 5 . It is shown that this photochemical‐dynamical formulation results in the conversion of most of the stratospheric NO x to N 2 O 5 at high latitudes in winter, yielding low NO 2 column abundances there, in agreement with observations. Calculated seasonal and diurnal variations in NO 2 are also shown to be comparable to observations, even at high latitudes. The effects of departures from zonally symmetric flow on NO 2 abundance are examined and found to be consistent with observations.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/JC088iC09p05229
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 1983
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Long‐period variations in the solar semidiurnal atmospheric tide
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 1984
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Vol. 89, No. D7 ( 1984-12-20), p. 11705-11710
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 89, No. D7 ( 1984-12-20), p. 11705-11710
    Abstract: A 79‐year record (1866–1944) of hourly surface pressure observations at Batavia (6.2°S, 106.8°E) was analyzed to detect systematic long‐period variations in the solar semidiurnal barometric oscillation ( S 2 ( p )). Evidence was found for a quasi‐biennial oscillation (QBO) in S 2 ( p ) throughout the latter half of the record (1905–1944). This is attributed to the effect of the familiar QBO of the tropical stratospheric mean winds and temperatures on the solar semidiurnal tide. The results thus suggest that the stratospheric QBO itself has been proceeding in something like its present form since at least the beginning of the twentieth century. Some theoretical calculations were performed of the change expected in S 2 ( p ) between the minimum and maximum in the sunspot cycle by employing different published estimates of the solar ultraviolet flux variability. It is clear from the present S 2 ( p ) observations that, if there is any regular 11‐year cycle in the solar ultraviolet flux at wavelengths 〉 200 nm, then it must be much smaller than some of the published estimates based on direct flux measurements. However, for periods around two individual sunspot minima (1867 and 1913) there are changes in the Batavia S 2 ( p ) consistent with a large drop in solar ultraviolet output.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/JD089iD07p11705
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 1984
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Stochastic Forcing of Small-Amplitude Oscillations in the Stratosphere
    American Meteorological Society ; 1981
    In:  Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences Vol. 38, No. 10 ( 1981-10), p. 2187-2197
    Details
    In: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 38, No. 10 ( 1981-10), p. 2187-2197
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-4928 , 1520-0469
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/1520-0469(1981)038〈2187:SFOSAO〉2.0.CO;2
    RVK:
    UA 4800
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 1981
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Role of Planetary Waves in the Maintenance of the Zonally Averaged Ozone Distribution of the Upper Stratosphere
    American Meteorological Society ; 1980
    In:  Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences Vol. 37, No. 10 ( 1980-10), p. 2248-2264
    Details
    In: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 37, No. 10 ( 1980-10), p. 2248-2264
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-4928 , 1520-0469
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/1520-0469(1980)037〈2248:TROPWI〉2.0.CO;2
    RVK:
    UA 4800
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 1980
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Statistical relationships between hailfall and damage to wheat
    Elsevier BV ; 1981
    In:  Agricultural Meteorology Vol. 24 ( 1981-1), p. 29-43
    Details
    In: Agricultural Meteorology, Elsevier BV, Vol. 24 ( 1981-1), p. 29-43
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0002-1571
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/0002-1571(81)90031-5
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 1981
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Transport of thermospheric NO to the upper stratosphere?
    Elsevier BV ; 1984
    In:  Planetary and Space Science Vol. 32, No. 4 ( 1984-4), p. 399-409
    Details
    In: Planetary and Space Science, Elsevier BV, Vol. 32, No. 4 ( 1984-4), p. 399-409
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0032-0633
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/0032-0633(84)90120-X
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 1984
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A numerical response of the middle atmosphere to the 11-year solar cycle
    Elsevier BV ; 1984
    In:  Planetary and Space Science Vol. 32, No. 4 ( 1984-4), p. 411-423
    Details
    In: Planetary and Space Science, Elsevier BV, Vol. 32, No. 4 ( 1984-4), p. 411-423
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0032-0633
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/0032-0633(84)90121-1
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 1984
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A numerical model of the zonally averaged dynamical and chemical structure of the middle atmosphere
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 1983
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans Vol. 88, No. C2 ( 1983-02-20), p. 1379-1400
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 88, No. C2 ( 1983-02-20), p. 1379-1400
    Abstract: A two‐dimensional, time‐dependent model has been constructed to study the zonally averaged structure of the middle atmosphere (16–116 km) allowing interaction among dynamics, radiation and photochemistry. The zonally averaged dynamics are governed by a stream function equation for the residual Eulerian meridional circulation wherein the effects of wave transience and dissipation have been neglected. The resulting circulation is thus driven by diabatic heating and cooling, with Rayleigh friction introduced to balance the momentum budget. The temperature structure is computed from the zonal mean thermodynamic equation, while the appropriate continuity equations are solved to determine the distribution of the various chemical species and families. In the chemical continuity equations, two types of eddy transport processes are present in addition to the transport by the residual Eulerian circulation. Small‐scale disturbances are assumed to produce turbulent mixing which is modeled in terms of horizontal and vertical diffusion coefficients, while steady state planetary waves give rise to fluxes which are expressed in terms of observed wave structure and the photochemical lifetime of the species transported. The circulation, temperature structure, and distribution of chemical constituents obtained with the model are for the most part in satisfactory agreement with observations. In particular, the direct, equator‐to‐pole circulation computed for the stratosphere seems to be capable of explaining the major features of the distribution of trace constituents there, although the effect of the Fickian diffusion included in the model is important in determining the magnitude of gradients.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/JC088iC02p01379
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 1983
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    SSG: 16,13
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