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  • Chemistry  (8)
  • 1980-1984  (8)
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  • 1
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Protein profiles of skin fibroblasts labelled with [35S]-methionine from patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) have been compared with those of cells from normal individuals by isoelectric focusing on thin polyacrylamide gels containing denaturing and solubilising agents cast on silanized supports. The routine method of sample solubilisation used a mixture of 8 M urea and 2 % NP-40. The inclusion of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) in the sample was found to result in removal of non-ionic detergent from the gel even if a competition step had been used. In the presence of SDS less material remained at the point of sample application with a concomitant increase in bands in the middle region of the gels. Gels containing a mixture of sulfobetaine and NP-40 were found to be inferior to those with 8 M urea and 2 % NP-40, and high levels of urea were found to precipitate the zwitterionic detergent. No consistent qualitative differences between normal and DMD patterns were observed using any of the solubilisation methods on pH 3 to 10 or pH 8 to 10.5 gels. In order to facilitate quantitative analysis by gel slicing techniques, a plastic sheet was developed which would reliably bind acrylamide in the presence of 8 M urea and 2 % NP-40. The quantitative analysis revealed significant differences between normal and DMD profiles, but the relevance of these changes to the disease state awaits further investigation.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 3 (1982), S. 307-314 
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Improvements of isoelectric focusing (IEF) in agarose are described that result in consistently obtaining broad, linear pH gradients in the range pH 4 to 9.2 at equilibrium. Cathodic drift has been reduced by the use of a blend of commercial carrier ampholytes and by incorporating lysine and arginine in the catholyte as spacers. Resolution has also been enhanced by the use of thin gels, supplemented with sorbitol and glycerol. In addition, a comparison of two agarose preparations for isoelectric focusing was performed using two commercial carrier ampholytes. To minimise background staining, Triton complexes were removed by modification of the fixing and clearing procedures. These modifications to IEF in agarose are being applied to direct tissue isoelectric focusing (DTIF) of normal and diseased human skeletal muscle.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In studies of genetic diseases such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-D PAGE) provides an indispensable tool for studying protein changes. For optimum use of 2-D PAGE it is important to maximize the resolution that can be obtained. In this study we have developed a system using flat-bed isoelectric focusing (IEF) with gels bound to a plastic backing for the first-dimension separation. This system, when compared to the conventional rod IEF system, was found to yield good resolution of both the acidic and basic proteins, which are normally separated using non-equilibrium systems. We have also used the principals of gradient engineering in both the IEF and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-PAGE dimensions to maximize the gel area used for the separations. Mixtures of various commercial carrier ampholytes were also used and were found to further enhance resolution.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A method of direct tissue isoelectric focusing (DTIF) in agarose of human skeletal muscle is described. This particular method was developed to utilize the small amounts of tissue obtained by needle muscle biopsies performed for diagnostic purposes. 20 μm thick cryostat sections were adhered to the hydrophilic surfaces of small GelBond rectangles. These were then applied directly to the surface of the gels. A charge-balanced purified agarose was used to make the gels, which contained Triton X-100 to enhance protein solubilization. Stabilization of the pH gradient was attempted by employing a 3% w/v ampholyte which was a blend of 0.85% w/v pH 8-10.4 and 2.15 % w/v pH 3-10 Pharmalyte, by using anolyte regulation with 0.1 M aspartic acid and by focusing the gels under a CO2-extracted nitrogen atmosphere. Equilibrium of proteins stained by Coomassie Brilliant Blue R-250 was apparent as monitored by comigration of sections from both anode and cathode. With the exception of the cathode end, excellent resolution and reproducibility was achieved. Better cathode resolution was noted with non-equilibirium conditions. Preliminary zymograms of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), using a tetrazolium technique, have shown consistent patterns of multiple isoenzymes, the basic components of which were best seen using non-equlibirium conditions.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Protein profiles of skin fibroblasts from patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and normal individuals have been compared using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) combined with various detection systems. Protein patterns of normal and DMD fibroblasts obtained usin 10 % polyacrylamide gels showed no qualitative or quantitative differences. The use of acrylamide gels results in increased resolution. No qualitative or quantitative differences were observed using Coomassie Brilliant Blue R-250 staining. However, Coomassie Brilliant Blue lacks the sensitivity to detect many minor components. Therefore a silver staining procedure was used, which resulted in greatly increased detection sensitivity. Background staining did not increase with gel concentration, but stain development proceeded more slowly at higher acrylamide concentrations. No qualitative differences were observed between normal and DMD profiles. Fibroblasts radiolabelled with [35S]-methionine were analysed using gradient gels. No qualitative differences between DMD and normal patterns were observed by autoradiography of dried gels. However, quantitative analysis of slicing of gel rods revealed differences between normal and DMD fibroblasts. Two methods of statistics were used to analyse this data, firstly a method that accounts for inter-experimental variation (termed “batch statistics”) and secondly the standard t-test. Regions of 73 000 to 68 000 and 48 000 molecular weight were decreased in DMD samples and this finding was significant by both methods of statistical analysis. Regions of 175 000 and 53 000 molecular weight were significantly elevated in DMD preparations only by t-test, whereas a regions of 32 × 103 molecular weight was only significantly elevated when tested by batch statistics.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 4 (1983), S. 97-116 
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 4 (1983), S. 173-189 
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 5 (1984), S. 184-184 
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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