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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Ocean dynamics 36 (1983), S. 61-77 
    ISSN: 1616-7228
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Ever since construction has altered the estuary of the Weser River to make it more navigable, regular water samples were collected at several stations along the river (Fig. 1). Salinities were determined in order to assess possible changes as a consequence of the engineering activities. For almost 100 years the sampling scheme remained unaltered. Today this unique data set (Fig. 3) is of more than local interest. Whereas drastic changes of tidal phenomena are obvious from tidal gauge measurements (Fig. 2), natural fluctuations of salinity hide respective changes of the salinity distribution. We have tried to separate the natural from the man-made fluctuation of salinity using two simple models to eliminate known causes of natural fluctuations. Difficulties encountered were the incompleteness of the data set and the absence of data averaged over cross sections. Nevertheless it was possible to eliminate, approximately, the influence of the catchment area and salinity variations of the adjacent sea. Salinity variations as a consequence of the engineering works depend on the quantity $$K = H^2 /(\bar A \cdot \zeta _0 )$$ , whereH is the depth of a cross-section with area $$\bar A$$ averaged over the tides, and 2 $$\zeta _0 $$ is the tidal elevation. Because of long-term changes of the tides in the North Sea, it was not possible to isolate the influence of the engineering works. Conclusions include consequences for modern sampling strategies to determine trends of water quality.
    Abstract: Résumé Des séries de mesures effectuées depuis une centaine d'années ont permis d'examiner les variations sur une longue période du taux de salinité du cours inférieur de la Weser et leurs causes possibles. Cette étude s'est efforcé de distinguer les effets naturels des effets anthropogènes sur le taux de salinité. Malgré les données incomplètes, l'influence du bassin de drainage et des variations de salinité des zones maritimes limitrophes a pratiquement pu être éliminée. En raison des modifications du régime des marées en Mer du Nord sur une longue période, il n'a pas été possible de formuler des commentaires précis quant à l'impact sur la salinité des travaux de construction entrepris ces 100 dernières années du cours inférieur de la Weser. Les résultats de nos études fournissent des indications utiles pour la mise en place de réseaux modernes de mesure destinés à déterminer la qualité de l'eau.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Anhand hundertjähriger Meßreihen wurden langfristige Salzgehaltsänderungen in der Unterweser und ihre möglichen Ursachen untersucht. Dabei wurde angestrebt, die natürlichen und die anthropogenen Einflüsse auf den Salzgehalt zu trennen. Trotz des unvollständigen Datensatzes konnten der Einfluß des Einzugsgebietes und Salzgehaltsschwankungen des angrenzenden Meeresgebietes nahezu eliminiert werden. Wegen der langzeitigen Änderungen der Gezeiten in der Nordsee waren genaue Aussagen über die Auswirkung der in den letzten hundert Jahren in der Unterweser durchgeführten Baumaßnahmen auf den Salzgehalt nicht möglich. Unsere Ergebnisse geben Hinweise für moderne Meßnetze zur Bestimmung der Wasserqualität.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
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    Unknown
    Elsevier
    In:  Deep Sea Research and Oceanographic Abstracts, 18 (2). pp. 179-191.
    Publication Date: 2016-09-22
    Description: A study is described which attempts to obtain information about the vertical correlation of ocean currents at frequencies higher than inertial. Current velocity and temperature data for sensor separations of 4–12 m were taken with a mooring at ‘Site D’. The coherence and phase spectra for velocity component pairs reveals that motions are rotational at low frequencies. A cut-off frequency exists above which coherence drops to low values. The limiting frequency coincides with the minimum Väisälä frequency of the total water column. These cross-spectral properties support the assumption that the motion in this frequency range is governed by internal wave dynamics. The coherence and phase spectra of temperature pairs indicate that a field of temperature structure is superimposed on the mean field which is weakly correlated to the field of motion.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 3
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    Unknown
    Elsevier
    In:  Deep Sea Research and Oceanographic Abstracts, 21 (8). pp. 597-610.
    Publication Date: 2016-09-22
    Description: An experiment is described which was aimed at testing assumptions and predictions of the internal wave model suggested by Garrett and Munk (1972). Two moorings were set at a depth of 2660 m with a horizontal separation of 920 m only. The results of current and temperature measurements on these moorings indicate that the field of motion is probably horizontally isotropic in the inertio-gravitational wave band. The limiting frequency for horizontal coherence is three times the frequency predicted by the theoretical model. The phase of the vertical coherence is stable over a wide frequency range and the coherence decreases towards higher frequencies. This may be due to coherent motion contaminated by uncorrelated noise at high frequencies. The results are basically in agreement with the theoretical model when taking a number of modes below 10.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 4
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    Unknown
    Elsevier
    In:  Deep Sea Research and Oceanographic Abstracts, 21 (1). pp. 37-46.
    Publication Date: 2018-03-08
    Description: When determining vertical velocity spectra from temperature time series and the mean vertical temperature gradient, restrictions may arise friom the existence of fine-structre. Phillips (1971) and Garrett and Munk (1971_ have shown that the fine-structure contamination of internal gravity wave spectra can be written as a function of some statistical properties of the internal wave field and the vertical wave number spectrum of the fine-structure. A consistent set of current and temperature data was obtained during an experiment at Site D to study this problem. The wave number spectrum of the vertical temperature fine-structure and the apparent frequently spectrum of internal waves are determined from these data. In contrast to the asasumptions in the above models, our fine-structure data imply a wave number spectrum proportional to (wave number)−3 in the range which is important here. Using the above set of data, a model is suggested to describe the effect of fine-structure on vertical velocity spectra computed with the mean vertical temperature gradient. It indicates a maximum fine-structure contamination of the true frequency spectrum of internal gravity waves in the middle of the internal wave band, with less contamination at low and high frequencies.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 5
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    Springer
    In:  Deutsche Hydrographische Zeitschrift, 36 (2). pp. 61-77.
    Publication Date: 2016-11-02
    Description: Anhand hundertjähriger Meßreihen wurden langfristige Salzgehaltsänderungen in der Unterweser und ihre möglichen Ursachen untersucht. Dabei wurde angestrebt, die natürlichen und die anthropogenen Einflüsse auf den Salzgehalt zu trennen. Trotz des unvollständigen Datensatzes konnten der Einfluß des Einzugsgebietes und Salzgehaltsschwankungen des angrenzenden Meeresgebietes nahezu eliminiert werden. Wegen der langzeitigen Änderungen der Gezeiten in der Nordsee waren genaue Aussagen über die Auswirkung der in den letzten hundert Jahren in der Unterweser durchgeführten Baumaßnahmen auf den Salzgehalt nicht möglich. Unsere Ergebnisse geben Hinweise für moderne Meßnetze zur Bestimmung der Wasserqualität.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    Unknown
    Springer
    In:  In: Meereskunde der Ostsee. , ed. by Magaard, L. and Rheinheimer, G. Springer, Berlin, Germany, pp. 46-60.
    Publication Date: 2013-05-14
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 7
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    Springer
    In:  In: Eddies in marine science. , ed. by Robinson, R. A. Springer, New York, USA, pp. 181-199.
    Publication Date: 2013-01-15
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
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