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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enhanced cadmium cytotoxicity in A549 cells with reduced glutathione levels is due to neither enhanced cadmium accumulation nor reduced metallothionein synthesis (1989)
    Springer
    Cell biology and toxicology 5 (1989), S. 249-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6822
    Keywords: buthionine sulfoximine ; cadmium ; diethyl maleate ; glutathione ; metallothionein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Glutathione (GSH) depletion sensitizes human lung carcinoma (A549-727) cells to the cytotoxic effects of Cd++. The effects of GSH depletion on Cd++ accumulation and Cd+-induced metallothionein (MT) content were investigated to determine the possible role of these Cd++ responses in the sensitization process. Cellular GSH was depleted to 20% to 25% of control levels with buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), or diethyl maleate (DEM), respectively. Neither treatment significantly affected Cd++-induced accumulation of exogenous35s-cysteine into intracellular MT in a dose-dependent fashion. The results indicate that neither enhanced Cd++ accumulation nor reduced MT synthesis plays a primary role in affecting enhanced Cd++ cytotoxicity in A549 cells with reduced GSH levels. Although BSO inhibition of GSH synthesis enhanced MT synthesis, it sensitized the cells to Cd++, which suggests an additive effect of GSH and MT in cadmium cytoprotection. This observation also raises the possibility that intracellular cysteine levels limit Cd++-induced MT accumulation rates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01795354
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of cellular glutathione depletion on cadmium-induced cytotoxicity in human lung carcinoma cells (1987)
    Springer
    Cell biology and toxicology 3 (1987), S. 347-360 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6822
    Keywords: A549 cells ; buthionine sulfoximine ; Cd++ cytotoxicity ; diethyl maleate ; glutathione ; human tumor cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The effect of glutathione depletion on cellular toxicity of cadmium was investigated in a subpopulation (T27) of human lung carcinoma A549 cells with coordinately high glutathione levels and Cd++-resistance. Cellular glutathione levels were depleted by exposing the cells to diethyl maleate or buthionine sulfoximine. Depletion was dose-dependent. Exposure of the cells to 0.5 mM diethyl maleate for 4 hours or to 10 mM buthionine sulfoximine for 8 hours eliminated the threshold for Cd++ cytotoxic effect and deccreased the LD50S. Cells that were pretreated with 0.5 mM diethyl maleate or 10 mM buthionine sulfoximine and then exposed to these same concentrations of diethyl maleate or buthionine sulfoximine during the subsequent assay for colony forming efficiency produced no colonies, reflecting an enhanced sensitivity to these agents at low cell density. Diethyl maleate was found to be more cytotoxic than buthionine sulfoximine. Synergistic cytotoxic effects were observed in the response of diethyl maleate pretreated cells exposed to Cd++. Thus the results demostrated that depletion of most cellular glutathione in A549-T27 cells prior to Cd++ exposure sensitizes them to the agent's cytotoxic effects. Glutathione thus may be involved in modulating the early cellular Cd++ cytotoxic response. Comparison of reduced glutathione levels and of Cd++ cytotoxic responses in buthionine sulfoximine-treated A549-T27 cells with those levels in other, untreated normal and tumor-derived cells suggests that the higher level of glutathione in A549-T27 is not the sole determinant of its higher level of Cd++ resistance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00119909
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on the β-form of isotactic polypropylene, 1. Characterization of the β-form and study of the β-α transition during heating by wide angle X-ray diffraction (1986)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 187 (1986), S. 633-642 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The conditions for the formation of the β-form of isotactic polypropylene in the presence of a β-nucleator and the β-α transition during heating were studied by wide angle X-ray diffraction. A conditional crystallinity of the β-form, X′β, and a structural disorder parameter, S, deduced from WAXD data were defined for the characterization of the β-form in addition to the K value. The results show that X′β and S obviously depend on the content of β-nucleator, and that the β-α transition during heating essentially consists in the melting of the β-form and the successive recrystallization to the α-form.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1986.021870315
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